Abstract: Provided is a blast furnace gas burning facility with a simple configuration and capable of operating at nearly rated load while preventing a wet type dust collector from freezing under such conditions that the temperature of blast furnace gas does not exceed the freezing lower-limit temperature of the wet type dust collector, and also provided is a method for operating the blast furnace gas burning facility.

Abstract: A direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from metalliferous feed material in a direct smelting process is disclosed. The plant includes a process controller for adjusting the volumetric flow rate of fuel gas supplied to a burner unit of at least one of the unit operations of the plant so as to at least meet selected requirements of the plant to operate the direct smelting process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to systems used to measure mercury in gaseous emissions. In one aspect, the invention is directed to the use of silicon carbide as material for a thermal pyrolysis unit. In another aspect, at least one of silicon nitride, silicon boride, and/or boron nitride is used as material for a thermal pyrolysis unit. In another aspect, the invention is directed to an improved pyrolyzer design, in which a thermal pyrolysis unit comprises a tailpiece that allows water to be injected at the heated exit of the thermal pyrolysis unit. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the use of a coalescing filter in a scrubbing unit. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the use of a hydrophobic filter element in a scrubbing unit. One or more of these elements may be used in a conditioning module of a continuous emissions monitoring system, for example.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for batch annealing work pieces in a hydrogen atmosphere use pressure swing sorption to recover hydrogen from the annealing exhaust. In preferred embodiments, hydrogen for the batch annealing is generated by reforming and the recovery of hydrogen is integrated with the reforming operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for the combustion of gas exiting from an electric arc furnace for the preheating of scraps entering the furnace itself foresees an insertion device of comburent substance into a preheating chamber or loading tunnel of the scrap metal having an inlet section of the scrap metal, a seal section to prevent an uncontrolled entrance of air in the tunnel, a heating section and an unloading section of the scrap metal in the furnace. Said insertion device of the comburent substance comprises one or more adjustable openings placed in the loading tunnel, and said apparatus comprises a device or a series of devices, also not equipped with autonomous movement, of mechanical seal nature placed in the insertion or inlet section of the scrap metal in the loading tunnel or preheating chamber.

Abstract: Reduction process and relative plant for the production of metallic iron by means of the direct reduction of iron ore, in which a reduction shaft is connected to a source of reducing gas obtained from the gasification of coal. The process advantageously comprises a step in which a portion or all of the synthesis gas entering the plant circuit is processed to separate the methane from the rest of the components of said synthesis gas. The advantageous management of the extracted methane enables the entire reduction process to be optimized, making the efficiency of the process independent of the methane content in the original synthesis gas and making it possible to control the carbon content of the product more accurately and more easily.

Abstract: A pressure controlling apparatus controls a pressure in a container capable of storing a molten metal and supplying the molten metal to an outside using a pressure difference and includes: a supplying portion for supplying a compressed gas to be supplied to the container; a flow passage for supplying the compressed gas from the supplying portion to the container; a first switching valve, being inserted into the passage, capable of manually switching a first mode that enables the passage of the gas between the supplying portion side and the container side and a second mode that enables the passage of the gas between the container side and the outside; an exhausting portion for exhausting a gas from the container; and a second switching valve for switching a pressure applying mode for applying a pressure to the container and an exhausting mode for exhausting the gas from the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron includes i) at least one fluidized-bed reduction reactor that reduces and plasticizes iron ore and converts the iron ore into reduced materials, ii) a melter-gasifier into which the reduced ore is charged and oxygen is injected, the melter-gasifier manufacturing molten iron, and iii) a reducing gas supply line that supplies a reducing gas discharged from the melter-gasifier to the fluidized-bed reduction reactor. The fluidized-bed reduction reactor includes a cyclone that is installed in the fluidized-bed reduction reactor to collect fine iron ore. A gas injector, which prevents the fine ore from adhering by injecting gas containing carbon, is connected to the cyclone.

Abstract: A track-based mobile system for use with processes generating air-borne pollutants, for preventing contamination of the atmosphere. An enclosure for containing air-borne pollutants and a filtering system for removing the pollutants from the air are movable as a unit along a track for use at a plurality of worksites. The unit is openable at opposing portions facing the track so as to be able to pass over workpieces at the plurality of work sites. The filtering system includes intake tubes, and dampers to enable the selection of air-flow patterns within the enclosure.

Abstract: A treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a hermetic door 115b and a retort 115c as an interface for taking out a gaseous emission containing vaporized substances from an object to be treated which is being heated in a reduced pressure state in a second hermetic chamber 103 while maintaining conditions in the second hermetic chamber. When the retort 115c is inserted into a first opening 103b of the second hermetic chamber, the hermetic door 115b in an open state is shielded from the second hermetic chamber 103, whereby condensation of the gaseous emission at the hermetic door is prevented. Accordingly, condensates can be taken out while conditions such as temperature and pressure in the hermetic chamber are maintained without the treatment apparatus being stopped. The productivity of treatment is greatly improved by continuous operation of such a treatment apparatus.

Abstract: An improved blast furnace system for producing molten iron incorporating a preheater to heat the cold blast air used to temper the hot blast temperature is disclosed. The improved blast furnace system comprises a blast furnace, a hot blast main for conveying a supply of hot blast to the blast furnace, a plurality of stoves for heating a supply of cold blast and generating the hot blast, a cold blast main for conveying a supply of cold blast to the plurality of stoves, and at least one cold blast preheater for heating a portion of the cold blast, that has been diverted to the preheater, into heated air and the heated air is mixed with the hot blast to temper the hot blast temperature.

Abstract: A direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material is disclosed. The plant includes a fixed smelting vessel to hold a molten bath of metal and slag and a gas space above the bath. The plant also includes means for supplying solids and gas feed materials to the vessel and for tapping molten material from the vessel. The plant also includes at least two platforms for supporting plant operators at different heights of the vessel. The metal tapping means and the slag tapping means are located so as to be accessible by plant operators on a cast house platform and the end metal tapping means and the end slag tapping means are located to be accessible by plant operators on an end tap platform that is at a lower height than the cast house platform.

Abstract: The device and method of the present invention employs a column having a gas inlet in its lower part and a gas outlet in its upper part. Carbon particles are introduced into the column through a supply pipe. The supply pipe is movable so that by manipulating the height of the supply pipe in conjunction with discharging particulate matter through the column, the height of the bed of particulate matter in the column can be adjusted so that the retention time of the off gas in the particulate bed is constant. By maintaining a constant retention time of the off gas in the bed, complete conversion of the off gas is achieved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the recovery of by product gases used in a vacuum metal treatment process or other gas treatments processes are disclosed. The present invention is normally carried out in a process chamber in the last stage of the process, after vacuum processing. The chamber is filled with an inert gas for cooling down the processed metal or other materials load at a certain predetermined pressure. The chamber is connected to a receiver having a pressure control device and a mechanism capable of changing its volume in order to keep constant pressure during the passage of gas from the chamber into the receiver. In addition, there is a cooling or heat transfer device to reduce the recovering gas temperature between the chamber and the receiver. The gas flow is driven by the excess pressure in the chamber during a first transfer period, or by the vacuum pumping system during the last gas transfer period.

Abstract: In order to design a blast furnace in a space and cost-saving manner, the invention provides for an especially compact blast furnace (10) having no hearth, wherein the burden is transported to the charging platform by vertical conveyers (20) and a compactly designed burdening (30) and pouring bay (50) are placed in the immediate proximity of said installation.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an equipment for feeding and distributing charge and fuel in furnaces of rectangular cross section, comprising movable feeding tubes to distribute along the longitudinal section and the cross section of the furnace, both a charge comprised of self-reducing agglomerates, ore, scrap or any other metallic material, and solid fuels of any kind.

Abstract: A modular apparatus for the production of molten metal by self reduction of agglomerates of metal oxide or of prereduced metal, which may be iron. The apparatus includes a plurality of connected cells of identical size and construction. Each apparatus is connected to equipment for supplying the agglomerates for reduction or melting and refining within a reduction chamber or melting chamber, respectively, of each cell.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering a desired metal as metal oxide from raw material is provided. The process includes placing the raw material and a reductant in a container to form a reducing microclimate within the container. A housing having an oxidizing atmosphere is heated to maintain a temperature zone within the housing at a heating temperature sufficient to expose the raw material in the container to a reaction temperature. The container containing the raw material is conveyed through the temperature zone in the housing to expose the raw material and the reductant to the reaction temperature wherein the metal oxide is reduced to a gaseous metal that exits the container. Once outside the container, the gaseous metal is exposed to the oxidizing atmosphere of the temperature zone wherein the desired metal is oxidized to metal oxide and the metal oxide is collected. In preferred embodiments, the raw material is EAF dust and the desired metal is zinc.

Abstract: A furnace exhaust remediation unit comprises an auxiliary combustion chamber with a gas burner assembly optimized for efficient and substantially complete combustion of pollutants, for example, waxy hydrocarbons emitted as binder/lubricant substances are driven off in sintering of green powdered-metal parts. The rate of flow of air and exhaust through the combustion chamber are controlled, permitting control of the average residence time of the emissions, ensuring substantially complete combustion. The burner is arranged such that it provides a high-energy exhaust stream directed tangentially into the combustion chamber, so that a spiral motion is provided to the combustible pollutants, improving mixing and heat transfer and thus ensuring efficient combustion of the vaporized hydrocarbon emissions. The system has a universal modular construction where a burn chamber module; a burn chamber extension module and slide gate damper assembly module are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process vessel for vacuum processing liquid steel, comprising a lower part, a middle part and an upper part, and submersible pipes located on the lower part, whereby the process vessel is provided with a heating apparatus, a feed device, and a waste gas connection arranged at a right angle to the central axis of the vessel, and whereby the process vessel has an outer metal jacket and a refractory lining arranged at least in part in the interior of the vessel, according to which the metal jacket (19) of the upper part (15) of the vessel, including the waste gas connection (16), is provided with a water-cooling device (23) and is exposed directly on the interior side to the process conditions prevailing in the interior of the vessel (10).

Abstract: An arrangement of operating stations and equipment for the rapid preparation and transport of molten metal ladles and pouring tanks with covers to a pouring station of a pressure-pouring operation, and a method of providing the moving, placement and transport of the ladles and pouring tanks for the minimization of the loss of time between end of the first stage of pouring and initiation of the second stage of pouring.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus comprises a pair or more than two pairs of burner groups. Each burner group comprises one regenerator per a plurality of burners. In each pair of burner groups, a first burner group and a second burner group are fired alternately and waste heat produced when the first burner group is fired is stored in a regenerator of the second burner group. The stored waste heat is utilized to preheat the combustion air of the second burner group when the second burner group is fired. Similarly, waste heat produced when the second burner group is fired is stored in a regenerator of the first burner group, and the stored waste heat is utilized to preheat the combustion air of the first burner group when the first burner group is fired.

Abstract: The present invention provides a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in film characteristics and iron loss characteristics, a process for producing the same and a decarburization annealing facility used for the process.

Abstract: A gas generator disposal method capable of disposing of large quantities of gas generators safely, efficiently and without contamination of environments, and a system therefor, the method comprising releasing an air bag deploying gas from an unused gas generator (X) by applying a YAG laser beam (R) to an igniter (P) of the gas generator (X).

Abstract: Direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material induces a smelting vessel 11 to hold a molten metal and slag bath beneath a hot gas space. Solids injection lances 27 extend downwardly and inwardly through side walls of the vessel and hot oxidising gas is directed downwardly into the gas space by a central vertical gas injection lance 26. The plant layout is divided into four functional zones spaced circumferentially around vessel 11 and radiating outwardly from the vessel. Zone 1 contains an overhead hot gas delivery duct 31 supplying gas to lance 26 and an offgas duct 32; Zone 2 contains a forehearth 19 and forehearth tapping launder 34; Zone 3 contains slag notches 45 and slag launders 46; and Zone 4 contains a primary slag drain taphole and launder 48. This layout minimises the potential for interference between the transport of the hot gases, the metaliferous feed material, and the molten metal and slag.

Abstract: In a method for producing a hot CO- and H2-containing reducing gas serving for the reduction of fine-grained metal ore, in particular iron ore, the reducing gas is formed in a gasification zone by a gasification of carbon carriers, in particular coal, taking place under the supply of oxygen and subsequently is cooled down to a reducing-gas temperature favorable to the reduction process. In order to produce a thermodynamically more stable reducing gas, the reducing gas by the addition of H2O and/or CO2—in order to prevent the Boudouard and heterogeneous water-gas reaction and a resultant heating of the reducing gas—is converted to a reducing gas that is thermodynamically more stable at the reducing-gas temperature.

Abstract: A method of processing flue dust that contains one or more compounds from a first group of zinc, lead and cadmium compounds, and contains iron compounds, involves heating the flue dust to cause a substantial portion of one or more of the compounds of the first group to become gas-borne. A carbonaceous material is introduced to the remaining flue dust, and the flue dust/carbonaceous material mixture is heated to cause a substantial portion of the remaining compounds from the first group to become gas-borne while retaining a substantial portion of the iron in a non-gas-borne condition. The gas-borne compounds are separated from the non-gas-borne compounds.

Abstract: In a method of producing molten metal (8) from at least partially fine-particulate metal carriers in a melter gasifier (2) in which under supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas under simultaneous formation of a reducing gas in a bed (11) formed of solid carbon carriers (4) the metal carriers are melted, the supplied fine-particulate metal carriers in order to avoid discharging thereof are charged to a high-temperature combustion zone (13) maintained by a combustion process and there are melted at least for the most part or completely, wherein the high-temperature combustion zone (13) is spatially isolated from the freeboard (12) of the melter gasifier (2) located above the bed (11) and extends into the bed (11), wherein the offgases formed in the high-temperature combustion zone (13) exit the same passing through at least a portion of the bed (11) and wherein furthermore the offgases are cooled in the bed (11) and are withdrawn from the melter gasifier (2) along with the r

Abstract: In a process for producing molten pig iron or steel preproducts from fine-particulate iron containing material in a meltdown gasifying zone of a melter gasifier, under the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen-containing gas at the simultaneous formation of a reducing gas in a bed formed of solid carbon carriers, the iron-containing material is melted when passing the bed.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for treating particulate material within a rotating retort in which gas is injected within the retort to fluidize the particulate material within the rotating retort. An auger is mounted within an axle supporting the retort for rotation and particulate material is injected by the auger within the retort. Gas may be exhausted from the retort through an annular chamber about the auger or from a hollow shaft of the auger. Gas may also be exhausted through a permeable wall of the retort.

Abstract: In order to be able to process in an economical manner different iron carriers in varying quantitative compositions, a plant for the production of iron melts (4), in particular steel melts, such as crude steel melts, is equipped with an electric are furnace vessel (1), a refining vessel (3) following upon the furnace vessel (1) via a weir (34) and including a bottom departing from the weir (34) in an at least partially downwardly inclined manner and an oxygen supply means (35, 36) as well as an iron melt tap (41) provided in its end region farther remote from the furnace vessel (1), a decanting vessel (2) following upon the furnace vessel (1) and having a common bottom (18) with the furnace vessel (1), said decanting vessel being provided with a slag tap (43) in its end region farther remote from the furnace vessel (1), a supply means (21) supplying liquid pig iron (20) and opening into the furnace vessel (1), a preheating shaft (5) supplying solid iron carries (7), said preheating shaft being arranged a

Abstract: An emission treatment apparatus for manufacturing plants including an inlet duct, a decantation chamber and an outlet duct. The emission treatment apparatus advantageously includes elements located inside of the decantation chamber for rendering uniform the flow of the emissions.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reducing system for reducing a fine iron ore is disclosed, in which the structure of the fluidized bed reducing furnace is improved such that the coarse iron ore particles are distributed in the lower portion of the fluidized bed within the furnace and the fine iron ore particles are distributed in the upper portion of the fluidized bed. Thus, the average residence times of the particles in the furnace are adjusted differently for different ore sizes, so that the reducing efficiency can be improved, and that the residence time of the reducing gas in the furnace can be extended, thereby improving the degree of gas utilization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reduction vessel (1) for the reduction of metal-oxide-bearing material, particularly of iron ore, by means of a reduction gas flowing countercurrently to the metal-oxide-bearing material, which reduction vessel (1) is provided with an inlet (5) for the metal-oxide-bearing material, an inlet (6) for the reduction gas, an outlet (7) for off-gas and an outlet (8) for reduced material, downstream of which outlet (8) a lower sealing leg (9) is connected, a supply line (10) for a first sealing gas being provided at the lower sealing leg (9) in order to seal the reduction vessel (1) against the environment, characterized in that at least one additional supply line (12) for an additional sealing gas is provided at the lower sealing leg (9) , the additional supply line (12) being located downstream of the supply line (10) for the first sealing gas, seen in the direction of flow of the reduced material (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An apparatus and technique for collecting fumes from a metallurgical vessel such as a ladle are disclosed. The apparatus and technique are particularly well suited for collecting fumes during a cleanout operation of one or more discharge ports along the bottom of the vessel when the vessel is inverted on its side.

Abstract: In a process for the reduction of fine ore by reducing gas in the fluidized bed method, the following characteristic features are realized in order to achieve a uniform and even degree of metallization at optimum utilization of the reducing gas and while minimizing the amount of reducing gas employed, that the fine ore is fractionated by aid of the reducing gas into at least two fractions having different grain size distributions, that each fraction is reduced by the reducing gas in a separate fluidized bed, wherein the reducing gas maintains a first fluidized bed containing the coarse-grain fraction and separates the fine-grain fraction from the same, is accelerated together with the fine-grain fraction, subsequently under pressure release forms a further fluidized bed, into which it is continuously injected in a radially symmetrical manner and from below, and wherein, furthermore, secondary reducing gas additionally is directly injected into the further fluidized bed in a radially symmetrical manner, and th

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reclaiming metal chips formed while machining metal castings to their finished shape. The apparatus includes a stationary charging tube extending in a generally perpendicular direction from the charge well of a reverbratory furnace. The lower end of the charging tube is attached to a box-shaped structure which has an open bottom. The sides of the structure extend into a pool of molten metal contained in the charge well. A variable rate feeder provides a continuous supply of metal chips to the charging tube at a rate which is essentially the same as the rate at which the chips are being produced. The chips form a column within the charging tube which extends through the box-shaped structure and into the pool of molten metal. As the chips at the bottom of the column are melted, additional chips are added to the top, forcing the bottom of the column of chips into the pool of molten metal.

Abstract: In a process for producing sponge iron from particulate iron oxide-containing material, the iron oxide-containing material in a reduction zone is reduced to sponge iron by means of reducing gas and the gas forming during reduction is withdrawn as top gas. In order to provide for an efficient way of utilization of the top gas, the top gas is subjected to CO.sub.2 purification, CO.sub.2 -containing offgas separated in the purification is mixed with an oxygen-containing gas and is burnt, and the resulting thermal energy is supplied to a consumer.

Abstract: In a process for cooling an article by applying a liquid coolant to the surface (20) of the article (18) in the form of continuous jets (16) of coolant, the delivery rate of each jet of coolant is set in such a manner that the coolant striking the surface (20) evaporates completely. The jets (16) of coolant are applied by means of a plurality of jets (16) of coolant of small diameter (d) distributed over the surface (20) to be cooled. Each jet (16) of coolant has a diameter (d) of 20 to 200 .mu.m.

Abstract: A two stage reaction for the production of steel from iron carbide is carried out in two separate but interrelated reactors. In the first reactor, iron, carbide, with slag formers, is fed into a feed end and the reaction is well-mixed by the vessel geometry, the stirring action below-surface injection of oxygen and iron carbide feed, and the evolution of gases from the liquid metal bath. The product, containing about 0.5-2% carbon, is fed into the second reactor where it is refined with subsurface-injected oxygen. The second reaction is autogenous, and the evolved carbon monoxide is fed to the first reactor where it is burned with oxygen in a foamy slag, which, with post-combustion burning in the slag of CO evolved in the first reactor, and with iron carbide preheating with the sensible heat of the off-gas from the first reaction, makes that reaction also essentially autogenous.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing direct reduced iron using a melter-gasifier and two reduction reactors. In the first reduction reactor, iron ore is prereduced using a reducing gas from a melter-gasifier. This prereduced iron ore is fed into the melter-gasifier to produce pig iron. A secondary reducing gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is withdrawn from the first reduction reactor and is reacted with water to produce carbon dioxide which is subsequently removed to produce a tertiary reducing gas that is used in the second reduction reactor to produce direct reduced iron from iron ore.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention is a melter housing having a pretreat chamber heated with a feed material heater that is partially isolated from a melter chamber. The method of the present invention has the steps of introducing feed material into a pretreat chamber and heating the feed material to a softening temperature of the feed material, and passing the pretreated feed material to a melter chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating waste material and in particular, for incinerating particulate material resulting from the shredding of vehicles. The particulate material is fed to one end of a rotary drum, and is subjected in the drum to pyrolitic incineration in the absence of air, to generate combustible gases and a solid residue. The combustion gases and the residue are discharged from the drum to a discharge hood, where the solid residue is separated from the gases. The gases are then passed through a condenser to cool the gases to a temperature below 212.degree. F. to thereby condense water vapor and higher boiling point hydrocarbon gases to produce hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: A two stage reaction for the production of steel from iron carbide is carried out in two separate but interrelated reactors. In the first reactor, iron carbide, with slag formers, is fed into a feed end and the reaction is well-mixed by the vessel geometry, the stirring action below-surface injection of oxygen and iron carbide feed, and the evolution of gases from the liquid metal bath. The product, containing about 0.5-2% carbon, is fed into the second reactor where it is refined with subsurface-injected oxygen. The second reaction is autogenous, and the evolved carbon monoxide is fed to the first reactor where it is burned with oxygen in a foamy slag, which, with post-combustion burning in the slag of CO evolved in the first reactor, and with iron carbide preheating with the sensible heat of the off-gas from the first reaction, makes that reaction also essentially autogenous.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reclaiming metal chips formed while machining metal castings to their finished shape. The apparatus includes a stationary charging tube extending in a generally perpendicular direction from the charge well of a reverbratory furnace. The lower end of the charging tube is attached to a box-shaped structure which has an open bottom. The sides of the structure extend into a pool of molten metal contained in the charge well. A variable rate feeder provides a continuous supply of metal chips to the charging tube at a rate which is essentially the same as the rate at which the chips are being produced. The chips form a column within the charging tube which extends through the box-shaped structure and into the pool of molten metal. As the chips at the bottom of the column are melted, additional chips are added to the top, forcing the bottom of the column of chips into the pool of molten metal.

Abstract: A non-oxidizing heating method and apparatus in which a non-oxidizing gas of high temperature is continuously generated and supplied into a furnace by changing over a plurality of heat storage type heaters alternately while repeating an operation in which one heater stores heat and the other heater heats and blows the non-oxidizing gas. Since it is possible to heat by producing a completely non-oxidizing atmosphere within the furnace, the method and apparatus can be effectively utilized in furnaces which require heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, various furnaces such as a ladle, tundish, etc. used in a field of steel manufacturing and continuous casting, and various furnaces used in a field of heating and heat treatment of metallic materials, and thus, it is effective to achieve reduction of operational cost, improvement of product quality, and improvement of product yield.

Abstract: A process for recovering metal from scrap using a furnace having a bath chamber, a dry hearth chamber, an exhaust duct, and an incinerator for burning fumes from the dry hearth chamber is presented. The process includes conveying oxygen or oxygen enriched air to the incinerator in order to produce a desired oxygen concentration within the incinerator; introducing at least a major portion of the gases leaving the incinerator into the bath chamber; venting a minor portion of the gases from the bath chamber through the exhaust duct; and passing at least a major portion of the balance of the gases through the dry hearth chamber and recycling the balance of the gases to the incinerator, and wherein the concentration of oxygen present in one of the furnace and a duct which conveys hot combustion gases from the incinerator to the furnace is determined, and the volume of oxygen admitted to the incinerator is controlled in order to maintain the desired oxygen concentration within the incinerator.

Abstract: A strip floater, heat treat furnace is provided with a plenum housing defining a plenum chamber which is positioned within a refractory lined furnace enclosure. The plenum chamber contains i) a fan housing holding a recirculation fan, ii) a header and pressure pad arrangement for heating and floating strip passing through the furnace, and iii) a recirculation duct for collecting and refreshing spent furnace atmosphere. The entire furnace atmosphere circulation loop from the fan housing through the header and pressure pads and back to the fan housing from the return duct after strip impingement is thus closed and sealed thereby preventing refractory fibre and foreign matter entrainment in the gas streams impinging the strip while improving the temperature control of the furnace atmosphere and strip.

Abstract: The combined installation comprises at least one metal production unit (II), including at least one, and typically a series of metal production or treatment units (1-6), and at least one air gas separation unit (III) including at least one outlet for at least one air gas (14-18), the units being supplied with compressed air with a low water vapor content by a common compressed air production unit (I), and with at least one of the gas outlets (14-18) from the separation unit (III) connected to at least one of the devices (1-6) of the production unit, to supply the latter with gas.

Abstract: Fire-refined blister copper is produced from copper concentrate by a process comprising:A. melting and oxidizing the copper concentrate in a smelting furnace to produce molten matte and slag, and to separate one from the other;B. removing the molten matte from the smelting furnace;C. solidifying the molten matte;D. injecting the solidified matte into a converting furnace in which the matte is converted to blister copper and slag; andE. transfering the blister copper from the converting furnace to an anode furnace to produce fire-refined blister copper.After the fire-refined blister copper is produced in the anode furnace, it is typically transferred to an anode casting wheel on which it is converted to copper anodes suitable for subsequent electrolytic refining to cathode copper.