Abstract: The present invention goes away from conventional teaching and provides a stator having a construction that creates or allows induced currents thus providing a damping function. This effect is provided by forming the stator back iron of a solid piece of iron material or iron alloy as opposed to a stack of laminations or compressed powder.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston engine is disclosed having a first inner magnetic field unit comprising a first inner magnetic field unit arranged on a first crank arm of a crankshaft including a magnetizable material, and a stationary first outer magnetic field unit. The first inner magnetic field unit and the first outer magnetic field unit together form a first electromechanical converter. The first crank arm has a first securing surface on a face which points radially outwards with respect to a crankshaft axis and which is opposite a first connecting rod bearing. A first counterweight is fixed to the first securing surface in a formfitting manner in the radial direction, said first counterweight including a non-magnetizable material. The first magnetic field unit is arranged on a counterweight face pointing radially outwards with respect to the crankshaft axis.

Abstract: A stator for use in a dual-phased motor includes a magnetic yoke portion, a first magnetic pole, a second magnetic pole, a third magnetic pole and a fourth magnetic pole. The first, second, third and fourth magnetic poles are circumferentially arranged around and coupled with the magnetic yoke portion. Each of the first, second, third and fourth magnetic poles is wound with a coil having a first coil layer and a second coil layer. The first coil layer and the second coil layer of each of the first, second, third and fourth magnetic poles are in different phases. In other embodiments, several methods for winding a stator for use in a dual-phased motor are respectively proposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phase modulation-type redundant two-phase-output resolver, an excitation signal (100) is applied to an excitation winding (50) of an annular stator (21) having a VR-type rotor (20) disposed therein, and a two-phase output signal (101) is outputted from first and second output windings (43, 44) that are provided in the annular stator (21), the excitation winding (50) is made up of first and second excitation windings (40, 41) of mutually different phases, and the excitation signal (100) has two phases, and even in a case where a break occurs in only any one winding from among the first and second excitation windings (40, 41) and the first and second output windings (43, 44), at least a one-phase output signal can be obtained.

Abstract: The alternator is used in the motor vehicles and provides increased current output. It comprises ring (17) and (17a) connecting the second claw poles (16) and (16a), and its peripheral surface which is opposite to the second claw poles (16) and (16a) is profiled and protruded outwards, shaped by the adjacent surfaces of inner and outer truncated cones whose axes coincide with the axis of the shaft. On the peripheries of external side plates (23) and (23a) at diameters equal to the inner diameters of the carried pole configurations and axes coinciding with the axis of the shaft (1) stationary are fixed second magnetoconductive rings (26) and (26a) whose surfaces located on the side of the first magnetoconductive rings (17), (17a) are shaped like a groove whose shape corresponds to the shape of the profiled protruded outwards peripheral surface of the first magnetoconductive rings (17), (17a) comprising them with possibility for their free rotation in the corresponding groove.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for indicating the relative location of a metallic object. The sensor assembly including a primary electromagnetic coil arranged to generate a time varying magnetic field, and a secondary electromagnetic coil arranged to detect the time varying magnetic field as affected, directly or indirectly, by the object and to output, on the basis of the detected time varying magnetic field, a signal indicative of the relative location of the object. At least one of the primary and secondary electromagnetic coils is wound about a core body formed of a material having the same conductivity and/or magnetic permeability as the object.

Abstract: A wireless sensor assembly for monitoring conditions in an ambient environment, such as for use in a climate control system for a data center is disclosed. The sensor assembly has a small form-factor housing extending along a longitudinal axis and defining an interior space. A sensor circuit is disposed within the housing and includes at least one sensor element for detecting temperature and/or humidity that is enclosed within a vented sub-chamber of the housing. A mounting member forming part of an exterior surface of the housing mounts the sensor assembly vertically along the at an installation location within an ambient environment being monitored.

Abstract: An exterior rotor switched reluctance machine includes a stator, a rotor adjacent the stator and adjacent a housing, the housing connected to the stator. The stator further includes a back iron, a set of stator poles connected to the back iron and a set of windings disposed between the set of stator poles. The rotor, connected to a shaft and rotatively coupled to the stator, further includes a set of rotor segments. The set of windings includes a set of phases, each phase experiencing a flux linkage that varies with an angular position of the rotor. The apparatus operates as a motor in response to selectively energizing the set of phases with a set of current pulses. The apparatus operates as a generator in response to rotating the shaft.

Abstract: A resolver bearing with an angle sensor to detect the angular position of the bearing rings. The angle sensor includes an annular resolver stator connected to one of the bearing rings and includes a transmission coil and a receiving coil designed as printed circuits on a multilayer printed circuit board. The transmission coil is arranged at least partly within a U-shaped shell core, and the receiving coil is arranged at least partly within and at least partly outside of the shell core. The angle sensor also has a resolver rotor rotationally fixed to the other of the two bearing rings and includes magnetically conductive components. The resolver rotor is arranged at least partly within the U-shaped shell core. A signal can be transmitted between the transmission coil and the receiving coil via a magnetic circuit. An angular position-dependent variable reluctance in the magnetic circuit can be specified by the resolver rotor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device is provided. It includes a plurality of input magnetic field generating devices, which will induce magnetic fields in output current generating devices. In one construction, the electromagnetic device can be operably coupled to a work input device wherein the electromagnetic device can be used as a generator set in combination with the energy input device. The input and output magnetic devices are arranged in radial arrays about a work input shaft. The output magnetic devices each include a core and a respective coil with the cores each having a longitudinal axis generally parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The input devices and the output devices are mounted in respective carriers with the output device carrier being movable relative to the input device carrier.

Abstract: A generator unit to harvest energy from motion is disclosed which comprises a support (6) with a connection member (7) for attachment to a movable object (8), at least a first body (3) and a second body (9) supported by the support and configured to move relatively to each other and with a varying, preferably magnetic field (4) spatially in between, one of the first or second body comprising at least one electricity generating member (2) of piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electrostatic type to produce electricity when mechanically deformed or moved, and a field engagement part (5) configured to move in the varying field when the first and second bodies move relatively to each other and generate a varying mechanical deformation or movement of the electricity generating member.

Abstract: A differential device includes: a differential gear mechanism; and an integrated differential case housing the mechanism, the differential case including bearing bosses formed integrally on one and other side portions thereof and aligned on a same axis to be rotatably supported by a transmission case; a work window being provided in the differential case; sleeves rotatably supported by the bosses and connected to side gears of the mechanism liquid-tightly. The sleeves can be passed through an inside of the differential case from the window and fitted and inserted to inner peripheries of the bosses, falling-off prevention devices are provided between the sleeves and the bosses, and seal devices for preventing lubricating oil in the differential case from flowing out are provided between the side gears and the sleeves. Accordingly, when drive shafts are removed from the differential device, the oil in the transmission and differential cases does not flow out.

Abstract: A rotating electrical machine includes a supporting member, a stator core, a winding set, a shaft, a rotor, a magnetic generator, and a magnetic detector. The stator core has a ring-shaped yoke held inside the supporting member and tooth portions projecting from the yoke in a radial inward direction of the yoke. The winding set is wound on the tooth portions. The shaft extends through the stator core and is rotatably supported by the supporting member. The rotor is located in the stator core and rotates with the shaft. The magnetic generator is located at an end of the shaft. The magnetic detector outputs a signal indicative of a change in magnetic flux density created by the magnetic generator. The number of the tooth portions for every magnetic pole pair in the rotor is even.

Abstract: A sealing device for a hub bearing assembly, equipped with a rolling bearing unit, a circular metal shield, a radially extending end wall and a double cylindrical lateral wall fixed to and practically orthogonal to the end wall, formed by a first cylindrical lateral wall and a second cylindrical lateral wall. The metal shield is angularly coupled to a radially outer ring of the bearing. The second cylindrical lateral wall is connected in a fixed manner to a radially outer edge adapted to cover an axially inner surface of the terminal edge that is potentially subject to oxidation phenomena with the consequent formation of a layer of rust.

Abstract: A power, split door system (12) for a vehicle (10), comprising a first vehicle door (14) arranged to articulate between a closed position and an open position; a second vehicle door (16) arranged to articulate between a closed position and an open position; first (40a, 40b) and second (42) drive means for moving the first and second doors, respectively, between the closed and open positions; and control means (18, 83, 85, 87) for controlling the first and second drive means so as to control movement of the first and second doors between the open and closed positions; wherein the control means is provided with positional information relating to each of the first and second vehicle doors; and wherein the control means is configured to ensure that each of the first and second vehicle doors do not attempt to simultaneously occupy the same space. The first and second doors may be configured such that in a closed position, the first and second doors partially overlap.

Abstract: A magnetic voltage/current limiting system is mounted in conjunction with a main coil, in a coil assembly of a wind turbine generator, for limiting the outputted voltage (or current) to a predetermined upper value. The limiting system generally has at least one limiting coil and a control circuit connected to the main coil. The limiting system is configured to be activated when the voltage (or current) outputted by the main coil increases beyond the predetermined upper value. Once activated, the limiting system diverts a portion of the outputted current to the limiting coil such as to generate a magnetic field in the limiting coil. This additional magnetic field generally limits the amount magnetic field generated by passing magnets to flow through the main coil, thereby limiting the outputted voltage.

Abstract: An electrical machine system includes a stator having a conical stator surface defining a rotary axis. A rotor is operatively connected to the stator for rotation relative thereto, wherein the rotor includes a conical rotor surface. A conical gap is defined between the conical surfaces of the stator and rotor about the rotary axis. An actuator is operatively connected to at least one of the stator and rotor for relative linear motion along the rotary axis of the stator and rotor to change the conical gap, wherein the actuator provides relative linear motion between a first position for a first conical gap width and a second position for a second conical gap width different form the first conical gap width. In both the first and second positions the full axial length of one of the rotor or stator is axially within the axial length of the other.

Abstract: Method of optimizing output of sensor for indicating location of metallic object. Sensor having primary electromagnetic coil to generate time varying magnetic field; secondary electromagnetic coil to detect time varying magnetic field as affected, by object to output, on basis of detected time varying magnetic field, signal indicative of location of object.

Abstract: A bearing includes a first ring, a second ring, at least one row of rolling elements arranged in a rolling chamber disposed between the first ring and the second ring, and a cap attached to the first ring that is configured to close the rolling chamber. At least one vibration sensor is attached on the inside of the cap, and the vibration sensor is mounted in a metal block connected to the cap.

Abstract: An electric motor includes a stator, and a rotor which has a rotor shaft. At least one rotor position magnet is disposed on the rotor shaft, and is configured to provide a magnetic signal that can be evaluated, upon a rotation of the rotor shaft, at least for the purpose of determining a respective rotor position of the rotor. At least one carrier is disposed in a rotationally fixed manner on the rotor shaft, and is connected to the at least one rotor position magnet. The carrier includes at least one opening configured to compensate imbalance of the rotor.

Abstract: A method for controlling an operation of a multi-phase electric machine with a stator and a rotor is disclosed. The stator or the rotor includes permanent magnets, whereas the rotor or the stator includes a plurality of conductor bars interconnected by connecting elements of at least one circuit board and disposed within a magnetic field of the permanent magnets and having an internal inductance connected. The connecting elements are arranged outside the magnetic field and have an external inductance. Each phase includes at least one of the conductor bars. The multi-phase electric machine is controlled by regulating for each phase of the multi-phase electric machine at least one electrical quantity, which is dependent on the internal and external inductance of a respective phase, to a desired value.

Abstract: A brake is provided. The brake may include a rotor having a plurality of magnets and a plurality of ferromagnetic poles radially disposed thereabout, and a stator having a plurality of shunts and a plurality of teeth radially disposed thereabout. At least one of the plurality of shunts and the plurality of teeth may be configured to selectively move between an engagement state and a free engagement state. The teeth may be configured to generate magnetic flux with the ferromagnetic poles so as to generate a braking torque during the engagement state. The shunts may be configured to redirect the magnetic flux therethrough and reduce the braking torque between the teeth and the ferromagnetic poles during the free engagement state.

Abstract: A resolver device includes a stator core and a rotor core supported so as to be freely rotatable with respect to the stator core and configured such that a reluctance component in a gap between the rotor core and the stator core changes in accordance with a relative angle position to the stator core. The stator core includes stator main poles and stator interpoles.

Abstract: A motor includes a stator, a rotor, a case, and back-surface magnet portions. The rotor has a first rotor core, a second rotor core and a field magnet. Each of the first and second rotor cores has a core base and claw-shaped magnetic poles. The field magnet is sandwiched between the first rotor core and the second rotor core and causes the claw-shaped magnetic poles of the first rotor core and the second rotor core to function as different magnetic poles. The back-surface magnet portions include a second and a first back-surface magnet portions respectively provided on the back surfaces of the claw-shaped magnetic poles of the second rotor core and the first rotor core. Size of the second back-surface magnet portion differs from size of the first back-surface magnet portion are different from each other.

Abstract: An electrical rotating machine, such as a generator or motor, communicates power from a stationary location to the rotating rotor of the rotating machine via opposed pairs of capacitor plates, one plate of each pair rotating with the rotor and one plate of each pair fixed not to rotate. In one embodiment, separation between the plates of the pair is provided by a cushion of entrapped air.

Abstract: A torque tool includes an electrical machine drive system, an electronic controller and a gear system. The drive system includes a rotor and a stator. The rotor includes a pattern of regions of relatively high magnetic permeability interspersed with regions of relatively low magnetic permeability extending generally parallel to the motor shaft such that there is a plurality of magnetic poles distributed circumferentially around the motor shaft. The stator includes electrical windings dispersed in slots disposed around an inner surface of the stator, the slots extending generally parallel to the motor shaft such that, when current flows in the windings, a stator magnetic field generated by the current has the same number of magnetic poles as the rotor. The electronic controller is configured to control the current flow in the stator windings to cause the stator poles to rotate in synchronism with rotation of the motor.

Abstract: A brushless motor includes a rotor. The rotor includes a first rotor core, a second rotor core and a field magnet. The first rotor core includes a plurality of first magnetic pole portions arranged in a circumferential direction. The second rotor core includes a plurality of second magnetic pole portions arranged in the circumferential direction. The field magnet is arranged between the first rotor core and the second rotor core in an axial direction. When the field magnet is magnetized in the axial direction, the first magnetic pole portions function as first magnetic poles and the second magnetic pole portions function as second magnetic poles.

Abstract: A direct drive for a rotation machine, particularly for a container treatment machine, this drive including a fixed machine part (1) and a machine part (2) rotating around a vertical machine axis, wherein the rotating machine part (2) is rotationally connected to the fixed machine part (1) by a roller bearing (3) arranged between the two machine parts (1, 2) and having an outer bearing ring (4), an inner bearing ring (5) and a plurality of rolling elements rolling between said bearing rings (4, 5), and can be driven by a torque motor (7). On the rotating machine part (1), a plurality of magnets (8) is provided, surrounding the rotating machine part, while on the fixed machine part (1), a stator (12) formed of a plurality of electric coils (9, 10, 11) is arranged, such that the rotating machine part (2) can be set in a defined rotational motion through an electromagnetic field generated when the stator (12) is energized in cooperation with the magnets (8).

Abstract: An electric submersible well pump assembly includes a rotary pump and an electrical motor. The motor has a motor housing filled with a dielectric lubricant. A stator formed of a stack of stator disks with a stator bore is stationarily mounted within the motor housing. A motor shaft extends through the bore. A rotor is mounted to the shaft for rotating the shaft and has a stack of rotor disks. Axially spaced-apart radial stabilizing portions along the rotor have outer peripheries that are greater in outer diameter than remaining portions of the rotor. The outer peripheries of the stabilizing portions rotate with the rotor and are closely spaced to the inner diameter of the stator to radially stabilize the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flux-switching machine, including a stator having phase windings and field coils, wherein, in the machine, at least one field coil is arranged in a pair of notches separated by at least three teeth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving device and an electric motorcycle driving system using the driving device. Said driving device comprises a shaft, a pulley disk assembly configured on the shaft, and a motor. The motor is an outer rotor or inner rotor motor. One pulley disk of the pulley disk assembly is connected to one end of the outer rotor sleeve or the inner rotor of the motor, so it can be driven by the outer rotor sleeve or the inner rotor and rotate or move around the shaft; furthermore, an electric motorcycle driving system can use the driving device to connect with a battery and a stepless speed change mechanism, so as to use the electric power of the battery to operate the stepless speed change mechanism, and to consequently enhance the performance of speed and torque output of the electric motorcycles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a design for flux switching machines with one or more armature windings which can deliver controlled torque, in either selected direction on start up, without the use of a mechanical position sensor. Flux switching machines without sensors can operate equally well in either direction. The invention discloses design features for such machines which improves the torque profile of the motor with angle. In three phase machines this delivers higher torque and lower ripple torque. In single phase flux switching machines the invention allows the rotor to be placed in a position where maximum torque can be delivered in either direction by selection of either positive or negative armature current. Rotor slotting is introduced to create a path of low permeability across a rotor tooth with minimal impact on the normal torque producing flux paths. Asymmetry of stator slots is used to further create a stable rotor position when energized by predominantly field means or armature means.

Abstract: The number of turns and the winding direction of a cosine-phase coil wound around an i-th tooth and the number of turns and the winding direction of a sine-phase coil wound around the i-th tooth are set according to Tc,i=TSmax cos(ms?i+?2)+T2c cos(me?i+?1) and Ts,i=TSmax sin(ms?i+?2)+T2s cos(me?i+?1), respectively, where TSmax: a first reference number of turns of each of the detecting coils of each phase, T2c: a second reference number of turns of each of the cosine-phase coils, T2s: a second reference number of turns of each of the sine-phase coils, me: a pole pair number in a magnetic flux distribution formed by the exciting coils, ms: a pole pair number in each magnetic flux distribution formed by the detecting coils of each phase, ?1: the phase of the exciting coils, ?2: each phase of the cosine-phase coils and the sine-phase coils, and ?i: a mechanical angle of the i-th tooth.

Abstract: An electric machine (10; 100) comprises a rotor (14a, b) having permanent magnets (24a,b) and a stator (12) having coils (22) wound on stator bars (16) for interaction with the magnets across an air gap (26a, b) defined between them. The bars and coils are enclosed by a stator housing (42a,b; 102, 142a, b,146) that extends between the air gap and defines a chamber (52; 152) incorporating cooling medium to cool the coils.

Abstract: An electromagnetic generating transformer comprises one or more flux assembly having one or more magnetic field source having a positive pole and a negative pole and a magnetic field passing in a path between the positive pole and the negative pole and a conductor magnetically coupled with the one or more magnetic field source, the magnetic field source and the conductor being fixed relative to one another; a shunt is coupled with a motive source and configured to move the shunt into a primary position and a secondary position, wherein the magnitude of the magnetic field passing between the positive pole and the negative pole varies when the shunt is moved between the primary position and the secondary position.

Abstract: An electric motor or generator system comprising a rotor having a first set of magnet poles; a stator having a first sensor mounted on the stator and a second sensor mounted in substantially a diametrically opposite position on the stator relative to the first sensor, wherein the first sensor is arranged to output a first signal indicative of a first rotor flux angle associated with the first set of magnet poles as the rotor rotates relative to the stator and the second sensor is arranged to output a second signal indicative of a second rotor flux angle associated with the first set of magnet poles as the rotor rotates relative to the stator; and means arranged to determine a corrected rotor flux angle by averaging the first rotor flux angle indicated by the first sensor and the second rotor flux angle indicated by the second sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wheel provided with electric driving means in the wheel, the electric driving means comprising a rotor and a stator coaxially within the rotor and connectable to a vehicle, with an air gap provided between said rotor and said stator, wherein said wheel is provided with an air gap controlling bearing.

Abstract: A hybrid excitation machine comprising a rotor having first and second rotor cores with a gap between in an axial direction, wherein first magnetic poles excited by a permanent magnet and second magnetic poles not excited by the permanent magnet are alternately arranged in a circumferential direction in each rotor core. The first magnetic poles of the first and second rotor cores have different polarities, and the first magnetic poles of one rotor, core face the second magnetic poles of the other rotor core in the axial direction. A stator generating a magnetic field rotating the motor is placed radially outward of the rotor and an exciting coil exciting the second magnetic poles is placed in the gap, wherein the stator has, in the axial direction, first stator cores on both sides and a second stator core having lower magnetic resistance than the first stator core, in a center.

Abstract: A power generation device including a rotation member rotatable by an operation force and a supporting member supporting the rotation member by attracting the rotation member with a magnetic force, the power generation device inducing a current to a coil by a magnetic flux of a magnet caused by rotation of the rotation member, and where, when the operation force is applied in a first state in which the rotation member is supported by the supporting member by being attracted to a first and second portions of the supporting member at respective first and second positions, the rotation member transitions to a second state by rotating with the first position of the supporting member as a first supporting point, and further transitions to a third state by rotating with a position of the supporting member different from the first position as a second supporting point.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, a rotational movement multiplier apparatus may be described. The rotational movement multiplier may be formed of at least one of a support structure, a lower platform, a support platform, and an upper platform that may be rigidly connected to the support structure. A driver disc may be rigidly connected to a driver shaft and a coupler may connect the driver shaft to a motor. Two or more rotor discs may be rigidly connected to a corresponding rotor shaft that may be rotatably connected with bearings to the support structure, and a first plurality of magnets may be rigidly connected to the driver disc and a second plurality of magnets may be rigidly connected to the rotor disc. Finally, the driver disc may be magnetically coupled to the rotor disc and may transmit rotational movement to the rotor disc without loss of torque or rotational speed.

Abstract: A planar electric generator using a magnetic levitation system includes an annular ferromagnetic guide rail and a rotary disk located above the annular ferromagnetic guide rail. The annular ferromagnetic guide rail includes an annular base and two annular wheel rails that protrude upward from the annular base and separated from each other. A plurality of first electromagnets protrudes between the two annular wheel rails. The first electromagnets are distributed at an equal interval around a circumferential direction of the annular base. An electromagnetic induction apparatus is provided at the top of each first electromagnet.

Abstract: A motor is provided with an insert nut 10 that has a knurled part 101 at two places on the surface thereof along an axial direction thereof with projections 103 for whirl stop and slip-off stop formed on the knurled part, and that is embedded between the motor rotor 3 and the magnet assembly 7 to perform fastening between the motor rotor 3 and the magnet assembly 7, and in the insert nut 10, a concave part 104 between the knurled parts 101 is situated at a mounting boundary between the motor rotor 3 and the magnet assembly 7.

Abstract: A method of controlling torque ripple in a switched reluctance motor (SRM) includes splitting each phase winding of the SRM into an AC winding and a DC winding. The AC winding of each phase winding is excited with symmetrically displaced sinusoidal currents that may be projected into a reference frame that moves synchronously with the SRM rotor.

Abstract: Magnetic proximity sensor, comprising a magnetic sensor element, and a magnet assembly having a first pole surface and a second pole surface, wherein the first pole surface of the magnet assembly is positioned adjacent to a sensor target surface of the magnetic proximity sensor, and the sensor element is positioned at a first distance from the second pole surface of the magnet assembly remote from the sensor target surface.

Abstract: A wheel provided with electric driving means in the wheel, the electric driving means comprising a rotor and a stator coaxially within the rotor and connectable to a vehicle, with an air gap provided between said rotor and said stator, wherein said wheel is provided with an air gap controlling bearing.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing electrical power from mechanical power, includes an electric generator with a rotor and with a stator. The electric generator is configured for conversion of mechanical power into a polyphase alternating current. The polyphase alternating current has more than three phases. The stator has a stator core with a stator bore. The stator core provides a plurality of stator slots arranged at a distance from one another. A plurality of coil portions are inserted in the stator slots, and the coil portions are connected to form coils. The coils include a plurality of Z-shaped portions and are laid out in a wave pattern.

Abstract: An anti-lock brake rotor tone ring cartridge has an inner piece and an outer piece. The outer piece fits at least partially within the inner piece so as to prevent the axial movement of the inner piece. A tone ring is located on the inner piece.

Abstract: There is provided a hybrid stepping motor including a rotor including a plurality of rotor small teeth arranged on an outer circumferential surface thereof, and a stator including a plurality of salient poles, each including a plurality of stator small teeth. The stator small teeth have a predetermined stator tooth thickness and are arranged at a predetermined stator tooth pitch, the rotor small teeth have a predetermined rotor tooth thickness and are arranged at a predetermined rotor tooth pitch, and a facing area which is a difference between an area of attraction poles of the stator small teeth and the rotor small teeth and an area of repulsion poles thereof ranges between a maximum value in a parameter space of a dimensional ratio of the stator and/or the rotor and a threshold value of the maximum value.

Abstract: There is provided a hybrid stepping motor including a rotor including a plurality of rotor small teeth arranged at an equal pitch on an outer circumferential surface thereof, and a stator including a plurality of salient poles, each including a plurality of stator small teeth arranged to face the outer circumferential surface of the rotor via a gap. The stator small teeth have a predetermined stator tooth thickness and are arranged at a predetermined stator tooth pitch. The rotor small teeth have a predetermined rotor tooth thickness and are arranged at a predetermined rotor tooth pitch. A repulsion area ratio which is a ratio of an area of repulsion poles to a total area of all stator small teeth facing the rotor ranges from 0% to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An axial gap electrical machine employs unique architecture to (1) overcome critical limits in the air gap at high speeds, while maintaining high torque performance at low speeds, while synergistically providing a geometry that withstands meets critical force concentration within these machines, (2) provides arrangements for cooling said machines using either a Pelletier effect or air fins, (3) “windings” that are produced as ribbon or stampings or laminates, that may be in some cases be arranged to optimize conductor and magnetic core density within the machine. Arrangements are also proposed for mounting the machines as wheels of a vehicle, to provide ease of removing and installing said motor.