Abstract: An alloy for a lead member is used for an electric lamp having a metal/vitreous material interface. Molybdenum or tungsten serving as an electric lamp current conductor is used as a base for the lead member, wherein the molybdenum or tungsten contains titanium oxide or other oxides. Automotive bulbs use this alloy for a lead member.

Abstract: A surface treatment layer containing alkali metal oxide is formed on at least one of substrates to form a body of a surface light source. The surface treatment layer may be formed of oxide by coating at least one of cesium, potassium, rubidium, and compound thereof on the surface of the substrate and by performing heat treatment to the substrate. The surface treatment layer containing alkali metal oxide easily emits secondary electrons and reduces firing voltage of the surface light source. Black start is improved, discharging efficiency is increased, and heat generated during the operation is decreased.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent lamp (FFL) for display devices, which has an improved electrode structure for plasma discharge, thus being efficiently operated using a low voltage and having high optical efficiency, is disclosed. The FFL of the present invention is provided with a plurality of branch electrodes extending from main electrodes, provided on opposite ends of a lamp body, in opposite directions toward the opposite main electrodes and being parallel to longitudinal axes of the discharge channels. Furthermore, the FFL may include joint electrodes which electrically couple the branch electrodes, provided around each of the opposite ends of the lamp body, to each other. The FFL may further include step electrodes and/or inductive electrodes.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a plasma display panel and a method of forming the same, having a first substrate, a second substrate, a barrier rib interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of grooves formed in the second substrate so as to define discharge cells, a barrier rib electrode including a discharge portion located within the barrier rib to perform a discharge, a contact portion exposed from a surface of the barrier rib, and an intermediate portion connecting the discharge portion and the contact portion, and a terminal electrode on at least one of the first and second substrates such that one end of the terminal electrode may be electrically connected to a signal transmission element and other end thereof may be electrically connected to the contact portion of the barrier rib electrode.

Abstract: An arc tube includes an arc tube body and a pair of electrodes. The arc tube body is formed from a glass tube which is double-spirally wound from a middle portion to both ends around a spiral axis. The pair of electrodes are sealed at both ends of the arc tube body. Mercury is enclosed in the arc tube substantially in a single form. Each of the electrodes includes a multiple-coiled filament which is wound substantially one turn in a last coiling stage.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus of driving a plasma display panel that is adaptive for improving its contrast and enabling its high speed driving. A driving method of a plasma display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention applies a setup voltage with a first gradient to the scan electrode for the reset period; and applies the setup voltage with a second gradient to the sustain electrode while a voltage on the scan electrode rises.

Abstract: A device for generating ultraviolet radiation by an excimer discharge is equipped with an at least partly UV-transparent discharge vessel whose discharge space is filled with a gas filling. The device includes electrodes for triggering and maintaining the excimer discharge in the discharge space. The device further has a coating that contains a phosphor including a host lattice and neodymium(III) as an activator.

Abstract: A self-luminous base lamp material for use in construction of a flat flexible fluorescent lamp is disclosed. A layer of fluorescent particles is carried between a rear electrode and front conductor electrode arranged in a parallel plate or split-electrode operative configuration. The fluorescent particles emit light upon excitation by an ultraviolet light source carried between the electrodes in response to energy applied to the electrodes. Inert gas carried in a glass microsphere functions as the ultraviolet source in one embodiment.

Abstract: Provided is a flat lamp which includes a lower substrate and an upper substrate that form discharge space therebetween disposed facing each other, a plurality of discharge electrodes formed at least on one of the lower substrate and the upper substrate, a plurality of spacers that form a plurality of discharge cells by defining the discharge space, and disposed parallel to the discharge electrodes between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, a plurality of auxiliary electrodes, to which a voltage is induced by applying a voltage to the discharge electrodes, formed on a surface of the spacers, and a fluorescent layer formed on an inner wall of the discharge cells.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) capable of reducing an address discharge voltage between address electrodes and Y electrodes, suppressing an address discharge delay, and improving brightness includes: a first substrate, a second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate and facing the first substrate, barrier ribs arranged between the first and second substrates and defining discharge cells where a discharge occurs, discharge electrode pairs including X electrodes and Y electrodes extending across the discharge cells, floating electrodes arranged closer to the Y electrodes than to the X electrodes, address electrodes extending across the discharge cells and intersecting the discharge electrode pairs within the discharge cells, and phosphor layers arranged within the discharge cells.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp, in which an anode and a cathode are disposed opposite each other in a bulb, achieves a long service life due to thorium (Th) being stably supplied to the cathode tip for a long time after lamp operation has been commence since the formation of the flicker phenomenon is suppressed over a long time due to the cathode being made of tungsten which contains thorium oxide on a surface space from the cathode tip, a carbide layer of tungsten carbide is formed and the cathode being bordered by an emitter containing body of tungsten which contains thorium dioxide, and a carbide layer of tungsten carbide being formed at least in a region bordering the cathode.

Abstract: A surface light source device includes a light source body, a partition member, an isolating member and a voltage applying part. The light source body has an internal space into which discharge gas is injected. The partition wall divides the internal space into discharge spaces. The partition wall has a connection hole that connects the discharge spaces with each other. The isolating member is disposed such that the isolating member corresponds to the connection hole. The isolating member seals the connection hole to isolate the discharge spaces from each other. The voltage applying part induces discharge of the discharge gas in the discharge spaces. Thus, current drift is prevented.

Abstract: A plasma display panel including a substrate with X and Y display electrodes that are disposed in parallel on an inner surface of the substrate. Bus electrodes have extended parts formed on the X and Y display electrodes, slanted parts formed along an edge of the substrate, extending from the respective extended parts and inclined with respect to the extended parts at a predetermined angle, and connecting parts extending from the slanted parts, wherein a width of at least one portion of the slanted part is greater than a width of the extended part.

Abstract: A cold cathode flat fluorescent lamp (CCFFL) comprising a flat lamp chamber, fluorescent substance, discharge gas, and a patterned electrode is provided. The discharge gas is disposed in the gas discharge chamber. The fluorescent substance is disposed over the inner wall of the gas discharge chamber. The patterned electrode is disposed over a surface of the flat lamp chamber. In an embodiment, the patterned electrode comprises anode pairs and cathode pairs which are alternately arranged. Each anode pair comprises a first meandering anode with first protrusions and a second meandering anode with second protrusions, wherein the first protrusions and the second protrusions are staggered. Each cathode pair comprises a first meandering cathode with third protrusions and a second meandering cathode with fourth protrusions, wherein each third protrusion aligns with each second protrusion, and each fourth protrusion aligns with each first protrusion.

Abstract: A cathode plate including a substrate, a cathode structure, a gate structure and emission sources is provided. The cathode structure and the gate structure are disposed on the substrate. The emission sources are arranged regularly on the cathode structure. A field emission flat lamp including said cathode plate, an anode plate and a sealant is provided. The sealant is disposed between and seals the cathode plate and the anode plate. Since the volume of each emission source is small, the bubbles resided inside the emission sources can be reduced, such that the qualities of the field emission flat lamp and the cathode plate thereof can be improved.

Abstract: A lamp and a back light unit for improved brightness and efficiency are disclosed. In the lamp, a transparent tube is sealed with a discharge gas. A fluorescent material is formed within the transparent tube in an emitter section that generates light. Electrodes are installed at both sides of the glass tube.

Abstract: A light source device includes a light emitting body, a pair of main electrodes and a pair of sub electrodes. The light emitting body includes discharge spaces disposed substantially parallel to each other. The main electrodes are disposed at opposite end portions of the light emitting body, respectively. The main electrodes induce an electrical discharge of a gas in the discharge spaces between the main electrodes. The sub electrodes are disposed between the main electrodes. The sub electrodes induce an electrical discharge of a gas in the discharge spaces between the sub electrodes. Resultantly, power consumption is reduced and uniformity of luminance is enhanced. Therefore, display quality of the display apparatus is enhanced.

Abstract: A mercury-heating device is provided. The device is disposed on a substrate of a planar light source. The heating device includes a patterned electrode and a container. The patterned electrode is formed on the substrate and coupled to an external power source. The container, which covers over the patterned electrode, is a dielectric layer formed on the substrate. The container is used for containing mercury alloy or liquid mercury.

Abstract: A flat-type fluorescent lamp device includes first and second substrates facing each other, a plurality of first electrodes on the first substrate disposed along a first direction, each first electrode having protrusions extending from both sides of the first electrode along the first direction, a plurality of second electrodes on the first substrate, the second electrodes each having concave portions that correspond to the protrusions of the first electrode and convex portions that correspond to regions between the protrusions of the first electrode, a first fluorescent layer on an entire surface of the first substrate including the first and second electrodes, and a second fluorescent layer on the second substrate.

Abstract: A first layer having a refractive index higher than that of a light transparent substrate is formed on the light transparent substrate, and a second layer having a refractive index higher than that of the first layer is formed on the first layer, and an electrode layer having a refractive index higher than that of the second layer is formed on the second layer in accordance with the present invention. By means of this configuration, a spherical-wave-shaped wavefront emitted from a point light source of an emission layer of a light-emitting device to all directions, is converted to a plane-wave-shaped wavefront within the substrate, which allows the light to be effectively emitted outside the substrate, so that a light-emitting device substrate having good light extraction efficiency and a light-emitting device using the same may be provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a plasma panel display wherein the coplanar faceplate of the display panel comprising electrode triads including each two opposite side electrodes and a central electrode, and wherein during sustain operations by application of a series of sustain voltage pulses between the electrode triads, the central electrode always acts as anode. Such an arrangement, and preferably at an adapted width of the central electrode, enables to enhance substantially the luminous efficacy of the display panel.

Abstract: A blink plasma backlight system for a liquid crystal display comprises a first substrate; a second substrate arranged substantially in parallel with and spaced-apart from the first substrate, forming a gas discharge space therebetween; at least one electrode pair disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate, the electrode pair containing a first electrode and a second electrode approximately parallel to each other; a control unit coupled to the electrode pair, for periodically providing an energy to ignite a gas discharge between the first and second substrates; a dielectric layer disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate covering the electrode pairs; and a first fluorescent layer disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: In order to ensure hermeticity of a hermetic container and to suppress occurrence of electrical leakage, a display device is provided with a faceplate including an anode to be supplied with an externally-supplied electric potential, a rear plate arranged facing the faceplate at a predetermined spacing therefrom, a metal pin for supplying the electric potential to the anode from outside of the rear plate through a penetration hole in the rear plate, wherein the penetration hole includes the metal pin by insertion. The metal pin includes an axis portion disposed in the penetration hole and a flange portion which is integral with this axis portion and which is located adjacent an opening end of the penetration hole. The flange portion is joined to the rear plate for hermetically sealing the penetration hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel discharge structures for dielectric barrier discharge lamps, in which discharge electrode sections, which are associated with the individual discharges, of the respective electrode strips overhang adjacent sections of the electrode strips.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a dual spiral fluorescent lamp that is smaller in volume than a conventional one. To provide for a reduced size compact fluorescent lamp, the end portions of the spiral glass tube are anchored into the holes within the cover of a bi-pin case. Inside of each end portion is a glass stem through which a pair of cathode support wires are passed. The cathode itself is welded to the extreme ends of each cathode support wire. To achieve the short-legged lamp, the cathode support wires lying between the cathode and the stem are bent downward at approximately 60 degrees from the vertically positioned stem. Therefore, by successfully avoiding the cathode coming in contact with the phosphor coating lining the interior of the tube, which may affect the natural lighting emitted by the fluorescent lamp, the two end portions of the fluorescent lamp of the present invention can be much shortened, resulting in a smaller volume than a conventional compact fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp includes a discharge vessel having a wall of a ceramic material. The lamp also includes at least a feedthrough of an electrode having a cermet rod. The cermet rod is connected at a first end to a first end of a predominantly tungsten electrode pin by a welded joint. The electrode pin is in line with the cermet rod and has, at its first end, a solidified tungsten melt that is located near the interface between electrode pin and cermet rod.

Abstract: There is provided an electron source substrate capable of, even with occurrence of discharge between an anode and an electron-emitting device, avoiding the negative effect on other electron-emitting devices. The electron source substrate has row-directional wiring laid in a row direction; column-directional wiring laid in a column direction so as to intersect with the row-directional wiring; and an electron-emitting device one end of which is coupled to the row-directional wiring, the other end of which is coupled through a resistor element to the column-directional wiring, and to which a predetermined drive voltage is supplied through the wiring, and is configured so that a wiring resistance of the column-directional wiring is higher than a wiring resistance of the row-directional wiring.

Abstract: A display device for displaying images having a plurality of rib walls, a plurality of cells formed by the rib walls, a plurality of column electrodes extending in the column direction, and a plurality of row electrodes extending in the row direction and traverse the column electrodes. The display device further includes at least two of the column electrodes that are electrically shorted.

Abstract: A discharge panel capable of high-quality display by preventing erroneous discharge between adjacent lines in a sustaining electrode or the like. A sectional shape in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal directions of both a first display electrode (101a) and a second display electrode (101b) has a stepped shape, a film thickness of a discharge gap (Gap1) side portion is greater than that on a non-discharge gap side, the film thickness of the respective steps being specified as L1, L2, L3 (L1>L2>L3). Accordingly, a discharge start voltage on the discharge gap side is lower than that on the non-discharge gap side even when the discharge gap and the non-discharge gap have the same width geometrically, thereby reducing erroneous discharge between adjacent cells positioned on an adjacent lines.

Abstract: Plasma screen comprising a carrier plate, an array of addressing electrodes on the carrier plate, a ribbed structure that partitions the space between the carrier plate and the front plate into plasma cells that are filled with a gas, and comprising a front plate, an electrode array of pairs of strip-shaped discharge electrodes on the front plate, that are arranged in pairs on either side of a discharge path at an angle of tilt to the front plate, a dielectric layer having a thickness d, that covers the electrode array of pairs of strip-shaped discharge electrodes on the front plate, the distance a between a pair of discharge electrodes and the addressing electrodes in a direction transversel to the discharge channel being varied, and the thickness d of the dielectric layer being essentially constant.

Abstract: A first electrode part in a rod shape is placed on an upper side, and a second electrode part in a rod shape having a higher melting point than that of the first electrode part is placed on a lower side, so that ends of the first and second electrode parts are brought into contact. Contact ends or vicinities thereof are irradiated with a laser beam, so that the electrode parts are welded. Here, a region irradiated with the laser beam is in a long narrow shape having a minor axis directed in a vertical direction and a major axis directed in a horizontal direction. This makes it possible to manufacture an electrode with a consistent high quality with a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention decreases invalid light emitting regions, which are generated at both ends of an outer tube and enlarges a valid light emitting region of a phosphor layer, which enlarges the light emitting region of a lighting device. In a cold cathode fluorescent tube, cup-shaped electrodes are provided on the inside of both ends of a glass tube, which has a phosphor layer on the inner surface thereof, wherein each cup-shaped electrode connects to an inner lead, which supplies an electric power. A sputter source is formed on an inner wall surface of the cup-shaped electrode by sintering white metal oxide, whereby the white metal oxide which constitutes a sputter source is sputtered by evaporation, which forms a sputter film on a portion of the opening end of the cup-shaped electrode and inner wall surface of the glass tube.

Abstract: A discharge lamp having an enclosure in which a discharging gas is sealed, and a pair of electron-emitting members sealed in the enclosure and between which a voltage is applied. Each electron-emitting member has, at its surface, a plurality of conductive micro-tips and an electron-emitting film which supports the plurality of conductive micro-tips and is made of a material whose secondary emission efficiency is higher than that of the material for the conductive micro-tips with respect to the discharging gas.

Abstract: A structure includes a semiconductor light emitting device including a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The light emitting layer emits first light of a first peak wavelength. A wavelength-converting material that absorbs the first light and emits second light of a second peak wavelength is disposed in the path of the first light. A filter material that transmits a portion of the first light and absorbs or reflects a portion of the first light is disposed over the wavelength-converting material.

Abstract: A structure for preventing glass from breaking, having a combination of a surface glass breaking prevention material, a glass substrate and a metal plate arranged in the order, wherein an internal glass breaking prevention material made of an elastomer or viscoelastomer having a dynamic shear modulus of not larger than 1×109 Pa is interposed between the glass substrate and the metal plate. Particularly, in the glass breaking prevention structure configured as described above, destructive impact energy (B) by which the glass substrate is destroyed when a steel ball 50 mm in diameter and 500 g in weight is dropped on the surface glass breaking prevention material is not lower than 1.2 times as high as destructive impact energy (A) measured in the same manner upon a glass breaking prevention structure having the same configuration as the first-mentioned structure except that the internal glass breaking prevention material is not interposed.

Abstract: A charged particle apparatus, with multiple electrically conducting semispheric grid electrodes, the grid electrodes mounted in a dielectric mounting ring, with hidden areas or regions to maintain electrical isolation between the grid electrodes as sputter deposits form on the grid electrodes and mounting ring. The grid electrodes are mounted to the mounting ring with slots and fastening pins that allow sliding thermal expansion and contraction between the grid electrodes and mounting ring while substantially maintaining alignment of grid openings and spacing between the grid electrodes. Asymmetric fastening pins facilitate the sliding thermal expansion while restraining the grid electrodes. Electrical contactors supply and maintain electrical potentials of the grid electrodes with spring loaded sliding contacts, without substantially affecting the thermal characteristics of the grid electrodes.

Abstract: A visual display has a cathode plate 101, having an emission layer 102 built up on a ceramic front layer. It has a thicker foundation layer 103. Vias from the front layer have their pitch fanned out to that of the cathode-plate back-layer vias 104. Other main components of the visual display are a frame 111, a back plate 112 and an anode 114 plate. The back plate and the frame are integrally formed of a number of layers of tape cast ceramic material. The back plate has a via and interconnect fan-out. The frame also has a via and interconnect arrangement for making electrical connection to the anode plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preferably large-format image display device that is constructed from a plurality of individual silent gas discharge lamps.

Abstract: A cold cathode fluorescent lamp is provided. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp includes a first substrate, a plurality of electrode pairs, a second substrate, a plurality of barrier ribs, a fluorescent material and a discharge gas. The second substrate is disposed over the first substrate. The plurality of barrier ribs are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a plurality of gas discharge space. The fluorescent material is disposed on inner walls of the plurality of gas discharge space. The discharge gas is disposed in the plurality of gas discharge space. By disposing the barrier ribs between two substrates, each electrode pair is separated to prevent cross-talk effect.

Abstract: In order to ensure hermeticity of a hermetic container and to suppress occurrence of electrical leakage, a display device is provided with a faceplate including an anode to be supplied with an externally-supplied electric potential, a rear plate arranged facing the faceplate at a predetermined spacing therefrom, a metal pin for supplying the electric potential to the anode from outside of the rear plate through a penetration hole in the rear plate, wherein the penetration hole includes the metal pin by insertion. The metal pin includes an axis portion disposed in the penetration hole and a flange portion which is integral with this axis portion and which is located adjacent an opening end of the penetration hole. The flange portion is joined to the rear plate for hermetically sealing the penetration hole.

Abstract: An improved electrode capable of smaller variances and mean breakdown voltage, increased breakdown reliability, smaller electron emission turn-on requirements, and stable electron emissions capable of high current densities include a first electrode material, an adhesion-promoting layer disposed on at least one surface of the first electrode material, and a nanostructure-containing material disposed on at least a portion of the adhesion promoting layer. An improved gas discharge device is provided incorporating an electrode formed as described above. An improved circuit incorporating an improved gas discharge tube device as set forth above is also provided. Further, an improved telecommunications network, incorporating an improved gas discharge tube device as set forth above can also be provided. An improved lighting device is also provided incorporating an electrode constructed as described above.

Abstract: A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, comprising a sealed lighting enclosure provided with a phosphor coating on at least part of an inner surface thereof the lighting enclosure. An electrode is provided juxtaposed a region of the inner surface of the lighting tube, the electrode energisable from an external source of energy via an electric lead supporting the electrode, and positioned adjacent the main ionisation region within the lighting enclosure. The phosphor is to be excited by radiation to be generated inside the lighting tube by electric discharge from the electrode to provide visible radiation. At least part of the surface(s) of that portion of the electrode proximal most to the ionisation region are overlaid by a cap made from a high heat resistive and non conductive material.

Abstract: A cold cathode discharge device with high efficiency of light emission and long life is prepared by a cold cathode having both high secondary electron emission and anti-spattering property. Using carbon system cold cathodes constituted of a mixed phase of diamond and graphite, a cold cathode discharge device with high efficiency of light emission and long life is realized. It is desirable that an element having a wavelength of light emission equal to or shorter than 200 nanometers should be mixed in the discharge gas.

Abstract: An electron emitter includes a coating layer of a mixture of carbon nanotubes and alkaline-earth metal oxides on an electrically conducting structure. The preferred carbon nanotubes are those having a diameter less than about 200 nm. A substantial portion of electron emission is liberated from the carbon nanotubes, thus lessening the requirement on the alkaline-earth oxides. Such an electron emitter is advantageously used in gas discharge devices to increase the energy efficiency thereof.

Abstract: To devise an arrangement with relatively high pressure tightness, in a short-arc super-high pressure mercury lamp which is operated with an extremely high mercury vapor pressure, a light emitting part has a pair of opposed electrodes and is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury; and side tube parts extend from opposite sides of the light emitting part, and in which the electrodes are partially hermetically sealed and are each welded to a respective metal foil, in the areas in which the electrodes are welded to the metal foils, the electrodes are deformed in the direction perpendicular to the metal foils to a degree of deformation that is at most 10%.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp comprises a lamp tube made of quartz glass and having a central portion formed in a spherical shape, and a pair of opposing tungsten electrodes inserted into the lamp tube. At least one of the tungsten electrodes is made of a tungsten material which contains more than 10 ppm of one of Co and Ni, or 10 ppm of Co and Ni in total, or a tungsten material which contains 20 ppm or more of at least two of Fe, Co and Ni in total, or a tungsten material which contains 20 ppm or more of Fe. Fe, Co and Ni belong to iron-group metals. The inter-electrode distance, i.e., distance between the leading ends of both tungsten electrodes is set to approximately 1-2 mm or less.

Abstract: A plasma display device having first and second substrates and a discharge gas filled therebetween includes first and second electrodes extending parallel to each other on a first substrate, and first and second discharge electrode parts extending from the first and second electrodes, respectively, so as to oppose each other. A discharge gap of a substantially constant width is formed between one of the first discharge electrode parts and one of the second discharge electrode parts, the ones opposing each other, the discharge gap being defined by first and second edge parts of the ones of the first and second discharge electrode parts, respectively. The first and second edge parts have lengths longer than widths of the ones of the first and second discharge electrode parts, the widths being measured in directions in which the first and second electrodes extend, respectively.

Abstract: An electron emitting device includes a first electrode located on a substrate, an insulating layer located on the first electrode, and a second electrode located on the insulating layer. The second electrode has a first surface and a second surface, which are substantially vertical to a direction that the first electrode and the insulating layer are laminated. The first surface of the second electrode is in contact with the insulating layer. A higher potential than that applied to the second electrode is applied to the first electrode to emit an electron from the second surface.

Abstract: A planar fluorescent lamp having a first panel, a second panel, a glass rim, a venting tube, and a set of electrodes. Fluorescent layers are formed on both the first panel and the second panel. The glass rim is mounted on edges of the first and second panels. A recess and a gap are formed in the glass rim; the recess is used for placing the electrodes while the gap is reserved for installing the venting tube. The first panel, the second panel, and the glass rim are so arranged so that a cavity is formed thereby. The cavity is vacuumed via the venting tube and mercury vapor and inert gas are then introduced into the cavity.

Abstract: In an active-type electroluminescent (EL) display, a conductor interconnecting a cathode (55) of an EL panel (30, 40) and a connection terminal of a signal input substrate (35) has a multilayer structure formed of a cathode material and a conductive material used in a thin-film transistor forming step. The conductor may be formed of a conductive material used in a thin film transistor forming step. A metal material for a gate electrode or drain electrode is preferably used as the conductive material. The connection conductor structure can reduce the electrical resistance of the connection conductor, thus preventing a decrease in display intensity of an EL display.