Abstract: In a method for manufacturing an annular scale from a measuring strip, the ends of a measuring strip are welded together, and the shortening of the scale-division marks in the joint region caused by the welding operation is compensated by a subsequent rolling operation.

Abstract: A device for the directional attachment of a scale element of a linear position measuring system to an installation face of a first body. The device includes a first body, a second body comprising a scanning head, which is movable in a measuring direction in relation to said first body, and a scale element is aligned parallel with respect to the measuring direction and a profiled alignment device is provided on the second body, which works together with a complementary tape profile on the scale element for aligning the scale element.

Abstract: In a scale device including a scale unit (4) and detector (5), the scale unit (4) includes a scale member (6) formed from a long material and having at least a pair of fixing holes (12) formed therein across a position signal carrying area (11) defined thereon and which carries positions signals, and a case member (7) housing the scale member (6) therein and having formed therein a pair of fixing holes (15) through which there is penetrated a fastening member (13) to be screwed into a mounting hole (10) formed in a stationary part (2) of a machine to which the scale device is to be installed. The detector (5) is fixed to a moving part (3) of the machine, which moves relative to the stationary part (2), and includes a sensor (29) which moves oppositely to the position signal carrying area (11) on the scale member (6). The scale unit (4) is fixed to the stationary part (2) with the scale member (6) and case member (7) being fastened together by the fastening member (13).

Abstract: There is disclosed: a measurement scale suitable for use with scale reader for determining displacement; various tracks all for holding the scale and all having a channel into which the scale is magnetically attracted; and a scale tensioner which in use tensions the scale in situ by release of a preload, prior to the scale being secured to a substrate, the tensioner being removable thereafter.

Abstract: A linear encoder for use with a guide assembly includes a scale (21), a head (22) for scanning the scale (21), and mounting elements (30) for releasably attaching the scale (21) to the guide rail (11) of the guide assembly, with the mounting elements (30) being arrangeable outside of the mounting surface (14) of the guide rail (11) and having stop surfaces (31, 32) extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (X) of the guide rail (11) for a parallel alignment of the scale (21) along the guide rail (11) and encompassing and engaging reference surface (15, 16) of the guide rail (11).

Abstract: A length measuring apparatus is provided that combines upper data with lower data and then outputs the composite data. The apparatus monitors taking down or up a digit of upper data or lower data and synchronization of lower data, thus preventing an occurrence of reading error. When an A/D area showing an area of lower data matches with an upper area quadrant showing an area of upper data (R2, R3), the upper count value outputting the upper data is output without any change. When the quadrant (0, 1, 2, 3) of the A/D area does not match with the quadrant (0, 1, 2, 3) of upper area because of an erroneous timing of a digit-taking-up of upper data (R1, R4), +1 or −1 is added to the upper count value. Thus, the continuity of a measured value can be obtained when the scale is being moved.

Abstract: A multi-point frame-fixing unit type linear displacement measuring apparatus adapted to lessen the thermal stress while the strength of the apparatus with respect to an external force, such as vibration and an impact is maintained. Some portions of a frame of the apparatus in the length measuring direction are completely fixed to an object machine, and some other portions in the length measuring direction of the frame are elastically fixed to the object machine by using a bush provided with an elastic layer between the bush and the frame.

Abstract: A measurement system including a stage having a first piece and a second piece that are movable with respect to one another. A digital scale is integrated in the first piece and a detector is integrated in the second piece at a position suitable to detect movement with respect to the digital scale. The detector creates a signal based upon relative movement between the digital scale and the detector. A display integrated in the second piece receives the signal from the detector and displays a reading of the relative movement thus measured.

Abstract: A bar code able to measure distance or position having an encoded index point and additive and subtractive delineation bars to adjust the value of the index point.

Abstract: An end fixing block fixed to one end in a length measuring direction of a frame body has a parallel plate spring mechanism capable of absorbing a thermal expansion of the frame body. The frame body has a plate spring mechanism which is provided at the end of the frame body fixed by the end fixing block, the plate spring mechanism being capable of absorbing a deflection of the one end of the frame body in a direction perpendicular to a direction to which the thermal expansion occurs.

Abstract: A scale which is suitable for an absolute position determination, the scale includes a track which extends in at least one measuring direction and in which graduation areas of identical width and different optical properties are alternatingly arranged. At least first, second and third graduation areas with different optical properties that are arranged in the track, wherein a first logical signal is unequivocally assigned to a first combination of two successive different graduation areas, and a second logical signal is unequivocally assigned to a second combination of two successive different graduation areas, and wherein the first and second combinations differ from each other.

Abstract: A sealed linear encoder for determining the relative position of a first object and a second object. The sealed linear encoder includes a scale unit arranged in a hollow body that is mounted to a mounting structure associated with the first object and includes a slot which extends in a direction of measurement. A scanning unit for scanning the scale unit and a carrier connected to the second object, wherein the carrier extends through the slot. Sealing lips arranged at the hollow body and abutting the carrier so as to seal the carrier and a cover form-fitted to the hollow body for covering at least the slot.

Abstract: In a measuring apparatus (1) for contactlessly determining the position of two components (11 and 12 respectively) which are displaceable relative to each other and which are in the form of a measurement value sender (11) and a sensor (21) co-operating therewith, the measurement value sender (11) is in the form of a switching ring comprising a metallic material and connected to the displaceable component, and the sensor (21) comprises a plurality of inductive measuring heads which are arranged over the displacement range of the switching ring and which produce an electromagnetic measuring field composed of individual fields. The measuring heads are also connected to a computing unit (25) in which there is stored in a memory the signal configuration ascertained upon calibration of the measuring apparatus (1); the position of the displaceable component can be determined after a displacement movement of the switching ring (12), by comparison of the signals produced, with the stored signal configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a position measuring system for scanning a movement between a first element and a second element which is arranged in a moveable manner in relation to the first element. Said system comprises a material measure which can be fixed to the first element and has a scale carrier, and a scanning head which can be fixed to the second element and which scans a movement of the material measure in relation to the scanning head. The inventive system comprises a mount by which means the material measure and the scanning head can be fixed to each other in a pre-determined position, the scanning head being detachably fixed to the scale carrier. In order to assembly one such position measuring system on a first element and a second element moving in relation thereto, the scanning head is fixed to the material measure in such a way that the scanning head and the material measure are mutually fixed in position.

Abstract: There is disclosed: a measurement scale suitable for use with scale reader for determining displacement; various tracks all for holding the scale and all having a channel into which the scale is magnetically attracted; and a scale tensioner which in use tensions the scale in situ by release of a preload, prior to the scale being secured to a substrate, the tensioner being removable thereafter.

Abstract: A linear guide apparatus has a guide rail having a rolling-element rolling groove formed on a side thereof along in an axial direction; and a slider having a rolling-element rolling groove disposed so as to be opposed to the rolling-element rolling groove of the guide rail, the slider moving relatively in the axial direction of the guide rail with rolling elements rollably interposed between the two rolling-element rolling grooves, and a crowning portion disposed on the both axial ends of the rolling-element rolling groove of the slider, wherein a maximum value of sum of load in an axial direction applied on the crowing portion on the both axial ends of the slider by the rolling elements is set to be smaller than a maximum value of load in the axial direction applied on one of the crowning portions of the slider by one rolling element.

Abstract: A scale for an apparatus for measuring displacement is enclosed. It comprises a scale member having a plurality of rectangular gratings arranged in a periodic pattern on the glass epoxy substrate and the like, a coating layer covered on the side of the scale member on which a plural of the rectangular gratings are formed, a scale cover (film layer) which functions as a protective layer, and a scale forming material bonded to the outer portion of the coating layer by an adhesive layer so as to keep contaminants, oil or particles from intruding between the rectangular grating and the adhesive layer, for example an adhesive tape and the like.

Abstract: There is provided a displacement measuring apparatus efficiently productive and easily applicable to high precise measurement of displacement with contact probe detection for hardly-measurable works in the art such as micro-works and deep parts in complicated structures. A scale member includes a spindle and a scale both supported by a parallel leaf spring movable on a scale substrate. The spindle is arranged in coaxial with a measurement axis in the scale member. The L & S slit-processed scale is integrated with the spindle and supported by the parallel leaf spring to move together with the spindle along the measurement axis. The spindle, scale and parallel leaf spring are coupled to the scale substrate interposing an anchor of the parallel leaf spring therebetween. The spindle, scale and parallel leaf spring are formed in an integral structure and only the anchor contacts the scale substrate while the spindle, scale and parallel leaf spring slightly float from the scale substrate.

Abstract: A coupling for the torsion-proof, but radially resilient connection of a stator of an angle encoder with a stator of an object to be measured, the coupling includes a spring element that is either normally in a first position but when the spring element is bent out by a bending force the spring element moves from the first position through a click point to a second position where the spring element engages a portion of the angle encoder or the spring element normally is biased in a first position but when the bias of the spring element at said first position is canceled the spring element is moved to a second position where the spring element engages a portion of the angle encoder.

Abstract: A scale and index scale are respectively provided with a sliding rail and sliding film. The sliding rail and sliding film are formed by means of compound plating in which a self lubricating substance such as PTFE resin powder is dispersed.

Abstract: A sealed linear encoder for determining the relative position of a first object and a second object. The sealed linear encoder includes a scale unit arranged in a hollow body that is mounted to a mounting structure associated with the first object and includes a slot which extends in a direction of measurement. A scanning unit for scanning the scale unit and a carrier connected to the second object, wherein the carrier extends through the slot. Sealing lips arranged at the hollow body and abutting the carrier so as to seal the carrier and a cover form-fitted to the hollow body for covering at least the slot.

Abstract: An angle encoder including a carrier member, a measurement tape securable on the bearing surface circumference of the carrier member by being clamped thereto and having its opposite ends engaging opposite stop surfaces provided on the bearing surface in a mounted position of the measurement tape, and an adjustment element for adjusting a position of at least one of the stop surface so that a distance between the two stop surfaces and thereby a length of the bearing surface circumference correspond to a length of the measurement tape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a length or angle measuring apparatus, wherein a holding device (6) that can be turned by means of a differential screw (16) and a flector joint (5) is used in order to perform an adjustment with the greatest possible sensitivity of the angle between a scale (2) and a scanning disc (9). Advantages in terms of vibration resistance of the array and the amount of components required are obtained by combining the differential screw (16) with a flector joint (5).

Abstract: An angular position measuring system has a measuring tape including an adjusting device, the measuring tape being attached via an elastic layer to a clamping ring. A clamping device allows the arrangement to be attached to a body to be measured. Thus, the adjustment of the distance between the ends of the measuring tape is independent of the attachment of the measuring tape to the shaft. The elastic layer largely prevents the transfer of friction-dependent, local expansions of the clamping ring. The demands on the surface processing of the shaft are reduced in comparison with the related art.

Abstract: A length measuring device for determining a relative position of two objects, which can be moved relative to each other. The measurement device, includes a carrier body which supports the measurement device and is connected with a contact area with a mounting area of one of the two objects and with a scanning arrangement connected with another one of the two objects and scanning the measurement device along a measurement direction. Wherein a torque on an end face of the carrier body in the measurement direction acts on the carrier body in such a way that the contact area of the carrier body is pressed against the mounting area.

Abstract: A two-dimensional moving system for moving a table in a plane comprises a table, a guide mechanism for guiding the table to be movable in the plane, first and second belts which are connected to the table so as to intersect to each other at substantially right angles, first driving mechanism for driving the first belt so as to move the table in a longitudinal direction of the first belt and to allow the first belt to be movable in a longitudinal direction of the second belt, and a second driving mechanism for driving the second belt so as to move the table in the longitudinal direction of the second belt and to allow the second belt to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the first belt.

Abstract: A length measuring device for determining a relative position of two objects, which can be moved relative to each other. The measurement device, includes a carrier body which supports the measurement device and is connected with a contact area with a mounting area of one of the two objects and with a scanning arrangement connected with another one of the two objects and scanning the measurement device along a measurement direction. Wherein a torque on an end face of the carrier body in the measurement direction acts on the carrier body in such a way that the contact area of the carrier body is pressed against the mounting area.

Abstract: A unit type linear scale is provided, which has a frame body that houses a plate-shaped main scale and extends in a direction of length measurement. The frame body is fixed with screws at multiple positions to an object of measurement through screw holes formed at a plurality of positions along the direction of length measurement. A groove is formed in the frame and extended in the direction of length measurement, and one surface of the main scale is made to contact with the wall surface of one side of the groove. An elastic component is provided between, however excluding portions where the screw holes are provided, the wall surface of the groove on the other side of the groove along the direction of length measurement and the other surface of the main scale. Thereby, the scale is secured by the frame.

Abstract: A position transducer in which a carriage 32 and slider 33 are coupled to each other by tension coil springs 41A and 41B each having an elasticity in a direction in which the carriage 32 and slider 33 are attracted towards each other, with the carriage 32 and slider 33 being butted to each other with a rolling bearing placed at one end of the carriage 33 in the moving direction and which has a ball 40 held by a plane bearing 37 and conical bearing 39.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for indirect and sequential measuring of the absolute position of an element (1) comprising a binary coding produced by means of coding units (7) of the same surface, relatively moving with respect to an element provided with a device for reading said coding (7), said coding (7) delimiting differentiated sectors each comprising an identical separating zone, called separator, and an zone identifying a single sector, called identifier, the list of the identifier codes being contained in a memory zone accessible via a device for processing binary data transmitted sequentially bit by bit by said reading device when the elements are relatively moving.

Abstract: A linear measuring device having a mounting fixture (1), in which a scale (2) is supported is described. Scale (2) is coupled to the mounting fixture (1) in one plane (N1) of the mounting fixture (1), which contains the neutral axis (N) of the mounting fixture (1) and which runs in parallel with the surface of the scale (2) bearing the graduation scale (3). This arrangement reduces perturbations transmitted to scale (2).

Abstract: A rotation detector resists magnetic disturbances from sources near the detector. The rotation detector includes a rotor on which iron magnetic path changing pieces are fixed at predetermined intervals. A first bias magnet and a first magneto-resistive element for detecting the flux of the first bias magnet oppose the magnetic path changing pieces. A magnetic guide plate is located to guide disturbing magnetic flux in predetermined directions. The disturbing magnetic flux thus fails to adversely affect the first magneto-resistive element.

Abstract: In an arrangement for determining the relative position of two bodies (3, 7) that are movable relative to each other, a separate measuring tape (29) is attached to a first (3) of the two bodies (3, 7). The measuring tape includes at least one track of measuring markings, distributed in the longitudinal direction of the tape. The second (7) of the two bodies (3, 7) carries a sensor arrangement (31) which responds to the measuring markings and travels along the track, in the course of relative movement between the two bodies (3, 7). The measuring tape (29) is attached to the first body (3), at at least two attachment points that are arranged at a distance from each other in the longitudinal direction of the tape, and is elastically stretched between the attachment points in the longitudinal direction of the tape.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is utilized to measure relative rigid body motion between two bodies by measuring linear motion in the principal axis and linear motion in an orthogonal axis. From such measurements it is possible to obtain displacement, departure from straightness, and angular displacement from the principal axis of a rigid body.

Abstract: An end fixing block fixed to one end in a length measuring direction of a frame body has a parallel plate spring mechanism capable of absorbing a thermal expansion of the frame body. The frame body has a plate spring mechanism which is provided at the end of the frame body fixed by the end fixing block, the plate spring mechanism being capable of absorbing a deflection of the one end of the frame body in a direction perpendicular to a direction to which the thermal expansion occurs.

Abstract: In connection with a position measuring system for great measuring lengths, several partial scale elements preferably formed of glass are applied on a base body. The partial scale elements are welded together.

Abstract: A measurable guide actuator is used to integrate a driving mechanism, a guide mechanism, and a position measuring member so as to form an integral simplifying construction, thereby facilitating the usage and thereby reducing consumption of material. The measurable guide actuator of the present invention uses a U-shaped guide track to function as the guide mechanism. The driving mechanism uses a screw or a belt. The position measuring member includes a ruler body mounted in the guide mechanism, and a reading head sealed in the sliding table to slide therewith so that the position measuring member can be used to measure the displacement position values.

Abstract: A linear guide apparatus comprises a rail and a bearing block movable in the longitudinal direction of the rail. The rail has a ground outside face. First raceway groove is formed on the outside face. Second raceway groove is formed on an inside face of the bearing block. A worked surface is formed by grinding on that portion of the inside face of the bearing block which is situated between the second raceway groove and a base portion. The worked surface and the outside face of the rail constitute a labyrinth seal portion, which serves to prevent foreign substances from getting into the raceway grooves. The worked surface and the second raceway groove of the bearing block are ground simultaneously.

Abstract: An instrument for enabling a precise determination of the force-displacement characteristics of a compliant structure, including both in-plane and out-of-plane structure deflection, is provided by the invention. The instrument includes a fixture that is oriented for constraining an end of the compliant structure with respect to mechanical ground as the force-displacement characteristic is determined. A mechanical probe of the instrument is disposed relative to the fixture to enable pushing of the probe against a free end of the compliant structure. A mechanical stage is provided, including a support for the probe, and being free with respect to mechanical ground to advance the probe relative to the fixture. This enables pushing of the probe against the free end of the compliant structure.

Abstract: A scale and index scale are respectively provided with a sliding rail and sliding film. The sliding rail and sliding film are formed by means of compound plating in which a self lubricating substance such as PTFE resin powder is dispersed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying to a carrier a marking serving to measure length, angle cr the like, such as, for example, a magnetic tape (4), by means of which the accuracy of the measurements is improved. In the case of such methods, in one marking step a means for producing a track with markings, for example a writing head (9), is guided over the carrier and, by virtue of the fact that the carrier is acted upon, markings, for example magnetic north and south poles, are applied therein at predetermined positions of the carrier.

Abstract: In a measuring apparatus (1) for contactlessly determining the position of two components (11 and 12 respectively) which are displaceable relative to each other and which are in the form of a measurement value sender (11) and a sensor (21) co-operating therewith, the measurement value sender (11) is in the form of a switching ring comprising a metallic material and connected to the displaceable component, and the sensor (21) comprises a plurality of inductive measuring heads which are arranged over the displacement range of the switching ring and which produce an electromagnetic measuring field composed of individual fields. The measuring heads are also connected to a computing unit (25) in which there is stored in a memory the signal configuration ascertained upon calibration of the measuring apparatus (1); the position of the displaceable component can be determined after a displacement movement of the switching ring (12), by comparison of the signals produced, with the stored signal configuration.

Abstract: A tape measurer includes a housing, a flexible measuring tape rule received in the housing in a coiled position, and a device including an integrated circuit or a processing unit for recording and displaying purposes. The measured data may be easily and quickly recorded in the recording circuit or the integrated circuit or in the processing unit and may be displayed after all the required data have been measured and recorded, such that the measuring operations may thus be quickly conducted or proceeded. A laser device may generate a laser beam to indicate far away points.

Abstract: There is disclosed: a measurement scale suitable for use with scale reader for determining displacement; various tracks all for holding the scale and all having a channel into which the scale is magnetically attracted; and a scale tensioner which in use tensions the scale in situ by release of a preload, prior to the scale being secured to a substrate, the tensioner being removable thereafter.

Abstract: A system and method for determination of error parameters for performing self-calibration and other functions in a transducer. The method utilizes the minimum and maximum values of the output signals of the transducer. To obtain these values, the output signals are measured at various times according to the sample timing, as the read head is scanned relative to the scale. The offset for each phase is determined to be equal to the average between the maximum and minimum voltages. The signal amplitudes are equal to the difference between the maximum and the minimum voltages, divided by two. By comparing the amplitude for each phase, the amplitude mismatch is found. The phase relation error may be determined by first removing the amplitude mismatch and the offset errors from each phase, and then comparing the relative amplitudes of the two signals at a given point in relation to what they ought to be with no phase relation error.

Abstract: A rotary ring 3 for use in scale reading apparatus has a scale on its outer circumference and is mounted on a rotary shaft 6. To reduce error caused by the rotary ring 3 not sitting concentrically on the rotary shaft 6, the inner circumference 5 of the rotary ring 3 and the outer circumference of the shaft 6 are both tapered. To compensate for eccentricity of the shaft, mounting screws 8 are provided in holes on the rotary ring to adjust the position of the rotary ring until it is concentric with the axis of rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: A measurable guide actuator is used to integrate a driving mechanism, a guide mechanism, and a position measuring member so as to form an integral simplifying construction, thereby facilitating the usage and thereby reducing consumption of material. The measurable guide actuator of the present invention uses a U-shaped guide track to function as the guide mechanism. The driving mechanism uses a screw or a belt. The position measuring member includes a ruler body mounted in the guide mechanism, and a reading head sealed in the sliding table to slide therewith so that the position measuring member can be used to measure the displacement position values.

Abstract: A scale on an apparatus for measuring displacement is enclosed which comprises a scale member having a plural of rectangular gratings arranged with periodic pattern on the glass epoxy substrate and the like, a coating layer covered on the side of the scale member which a plural of the rectangular gratings are formed, a scale cover (film layer) which functions as a protective layer and a scale forming material bonded to the outer portion of the coating layer through an adhesive layer so as to keep contaminant, oil or particles from intruding between the rectangular grating and the adhesive layer such as an adhesive tape and the like.

Abstract: In an arrangement for determining the relative position of two bodies (3, 7) that are movable relative to each other, a separate measuring tape (29) is attached to a first (3) of the two bodies (3, 7). The measuring tape includes at least one track of measuring markings, distributed in the longitudinal direction of the tape. The second (7) of the two bodies (3, 7) carries a sensor arrangement (31) which responds to the measuring markings and travels along the track, in the course of relative movement between the two bodies (3, 7). The measuring tape (29) is attached to the first body (3), at at least two attachment points that are arranged at a distance from each other in the longitudinal direction of the tape, and is elastically stretched between the attachment points in the longitudinal direction of the tape.

Abstract: A low profile tilt stage comprises a planar base, a cradle defining a cylindrical surface having a cylindrical axis parallel to the base, a table mounted on the cradle by curvilinear bearings, a curvilinear direct drive brushless motor between the cradle and table, and an encoder reader fixed relative to the base and an encoder scale fixed to the table.