Abstract: A multistage voltage-to-current ("VI") converter for producing, in response to an input voltage, an output voltage useful for controlling a voltage-controlled oscillator ("VCO"). Preferably, the transfer function of the VI converter is such that the output clock frequency-to-input voltage transfer function (of a system including the VI converter and the VCO) is at least approximately linear over a desired output clock frequency range and has a desired slope in such range. In preferred embodiments, the multistage VI converter includes three differential amplifier stages connected in parallel. Each stage has a tail current and receives a reference voltage (the tail currents and reference voltages typically differ from stage to stage), and produces a component of a total current. The total current determines the output voltage. Optionally, bias circuitry is provided for producing nonzero output voltage in response to zero input voltage.

Abstract: A low power consumption oscillator circuit is provided with an oscillator. The oscillator responds to a voltage by producing an oscillating signal at its output having an amplitude that depends on the level of the voltage. Furthermore, the low power consumption oscillator circuit has a level shifter. Illustratively, according to one embodiment, the level shifter includes a pull-up driver and a pull-down driver connected in parallel between the oscillator output and an output of the level shifter. The pull-up driver is configured so as to refrain from conducting current between a biasing input of the pull-up driver and the level shifter output simultaneously with the pull-down driver when the oscillating signal exceeds a certain voltage level. The level shifter illustratively includes an intrinsic PMOS device.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator has a linear voltage to current characteristic from ground to the supply voltage. This oscillator includes a voltage to current converter which employs two output current paths. The first output current path includes an N-type MOSFET whose gate receives the input voltage. A level shifter circuit receives the input voltage and provides an output voltage shifted up by an amount equal to the input threshold voltage of an N-type MOSFET. A clamp circuit connected to the output of the level shifter circuit prevents this output voltage from becoming greater than a voltage equal to the sum of the input threshold voltage of an N-type MOSFET and the input threshold voltage of a P-type MOSFET. The gate of the second N-type MOSFET receives the output of the level shifter as clamped by the clamp circuit. A current mirror circuit supplies a current control to ring oscillator, whose frequency depends upon the current. A second embodiment includes a new ring oscillator.

Abstract: A millimeter or microwave oscillator device for a receiver or a transmitter is described. The oscillator device including a high frequency oscillating circuit including an active device 41; said active device 41 having a first and a second contact 56, 52, a signal line 49 of said oscillator device 41 being connected to said first contact 56 for connection to a load circuit 43; a biasing circuit 47 for said active device; and a low frequency oscillation suppression circuit; wherein said low frequency oscillation suppression circuit includes a decoupling capacitor 45 and one electrode of said decoupling capacitor 45 is connected to said second contact 52. A manufacturing method for the oscillator device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A communication circuit system of an IC card etc.

Abstract: A one-pin integrated crystal oscillator in a Colpitts configuration employs a differential amplifier, provided with a feedback network, as an input gain stage. This achieves an enhanced stability and independence from temperature variation, a high Q figure, and a short start-up with a relatively small area of integration.

Abstract: A data retiming system for retiming incoming data and eliminating jitter is described. The data retiming system includes a local clock; a phase aligner for receiving the incoming data and producing a recovered clock from the incoming data, and then producing retimed incoming data by retiming the incoming data with the recovered clock; and a buffer memory for removing jitter from the retimed incoming data by storing the retimed incoming data to the buffer memory in accordance with the recovered clock and reading the stored data from the buffer memory in accordance with the local clock. The data retiming system provides reliable operation even at very high data rates. A freezeable voltage-controlled oscillator for producing a clock signal in accordance with a freeze signal and a frequency control signal is also disclosed. Using current steering techniques, the freezeable voltage-controlled oscillator is able to freeze its output very quickly.

Abstract: A current control circuit of a ring oscillator is provided for use in the PLL oscillators.

Abstract: A voltage control oscillator which has an oscillator circuit comprising at least an inductive resonator, active element, and variable capacitance diode and externally applies a direct current control voltage to the variable capacitance diode through a bias circuit to change an oscillation frequency by altering a capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode with variations of the direct current voltage, comprising bias circuit is a low-pass filter comprising a resistor and a capacitor and the oscillation frequency is set higher than a cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit (30, 40) for starting-up and operating at low voltages has been provided. The oscillator circuit includes an inverter circuit(31, 41) coupled across first and second terminals of a resonant circuit (14). The inverter circuit includes a push-pull driver stage having a P-channel transistor (18) and an N-channel transistor (20). The common drain electrodes of each are coupled to the second terminal of the resonant circuit. The source electrodes of the P- and N-channel transistors are respectively coupled to first and second supply voltage terminals. The gate electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the first terminal of resonant circuit. The inverter circuit further includes a circuit (32, 42) for shifting the voltage level applied to the gate electrode of the second transistor, relative to the voltage applied to the gate electrode of the first transistor, by a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: A dynamic bias stabilization device providing significant control of the operating point and frequency stability of a low-power crystal oscillator includes an inverting CMOS amplifier as its primary gain element and a filtered resistive current source to supply the inverting amplifier with operating power. A number of MOS transmission gates and integrated capacitors configured in a T-type network are used as the amplifier feedback element. The control voltages for these feedback transmission gates are derived from the current source which also supplies power to the crystal oscillator amplifier.

Abstract: A temperature control circuit which is capable of operating a microprocessor on a very low voltage source. The temperature control circuit uses a pair of field effect transistors and a zener diode in an oscillator circuit to amplify the source voltage. A microprocessor is supplied by the amplified source voltage, and is connected through a transistor to a temperature sensing portion of the circuit. The microprocessor uses the transistor to turn the power to the temperature sensing circuit portion off between temperature samples. By turning the temperature sensing circuit power off between samples, the average power drain by the control circuit is an amount that can be met by the amplified voltage from the low voltage source.

Abstract: An oscillator is isolated from external mechanical and thermal effects by surrounding the oscillator on all sides with a thermally insulating medium such as an aerogel insulation structure that provides both thermal insulation and vibrational isolation. Power is supplied to the crystal oscillator without wires. Wires are eliminated by using modulated microwaves or millimeter waves to transmit power and signals into and out of the oscillators, such as with small, efficient transceivers utilizing microwave or millimeter-wave integrated circuits or use of solid-state light sources and photodetectors in combination with thermal insulation which is transparent to the wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit (150) is designed with a reference circuit (102), responsive to a first voltage, for producing a second voltage. An oscillator (108), responsive to the second voltage, produces a first output signal having a magnitude less than a magnitude of the first voltage. A level translator (114), responsive to the first output signal, produces a second output signal having a magnitude greater than the magnitude of the first output signal. Since the oscillator produces the first output signal with a magnitude less than the magnitude of the first voltage, power consumption is reduced with respect to an oscillator operating at the first voltage. The magnitude of the first output signal is increased by the level translator to a desired magnitude of the second output signal.

Abstract: A low-power inverter (53) reduces power consumption over known inverter designs and is especially well-adapted for serving as a buffer in a Pierce crystal oscillator with a large load capacitance. The inverter (53) includes P- and N-side source-follower stages (310, 320) driving CMOS output transistor pairs (350, 360). The source followers are current-limited through current sources (311, 313, 321, 323) which are biased by a stable reference voltage such as a bandgap reference voltage. Clamping devices (331, 332) are provided to limit the voltages on the gates of the output transistors (350, 360), thereby limiting maximum currents thereof. In addition, a helper device (332) is connected to the gate of a P-channel output transistor (350). The P-channel output transistor (350) typically has a large gate area and thus a large capacitance, and the helper device (332) quickly increases the voltage at the gate when an input signal changes to a high voltage.

Abstract: BiCMOS technology is used in the design of a VCO (200) to improve low DC operation. The VCO (200) includes two coupled oscillator circuits (201,219) tuned to different fixed frequencies such that the oscillator resonant frequencies define the tuning range of the VCO (200). The oscillator circuits (201, 219) are coupled such that the frequency of oscillation of the VCO (200) is adjustable via variable resistors (206, 214) by manipulating the bias currents to the two oscillator circuits (201,219). A biasing circuit (208) along with variable resistors (206 and 214) provide the DC bias to the oscillator circuits (201 and 219). The biasing circuit (208) maintains the sum of the biasing currents to the oscillator circuits constant. The oscillator circuits (201, and 219) are interconnected utilizing an RF coupling circuit (211). The VCO (200) is capable of operating at voltages as low as 1.8 volts DC.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillation circuit includes a power supply terminal for supplying power to an oscillation stage, a buffer stage, and an output matching stage. Connected between the power supply terminal and ground is a high frequency bypass capacitor for bypassing electrical noise superimposed on the power supply to the side of ground, a voltage feedback resistor is connected in series in a power supply line connected to the power supply terminal, the high frequency bypass capacitor and the voltage feedback resistor constitute a low-pass filter, and the capacitance value of the high frequency bypass capacitor and the resistance value of the voltage feedback resistor are determined so that the cut off frequency of the low-pass filter is at most the frequency f0 of noise.

Abstract: A battery-powered magnetic pen has an oscillator for generating a magnetic field at a contact frequency and a proximity frequency. The oscillator is connected to a resettable timer. The pen also includes a tip switch that is actuated in response to the pen being brought into engagement with an object and disengaged from the object. The tip switch is connected to a pulse generator and to the oscillator. Each time the pen is brought into engagement with an object, the pulse generator resets the timer to initiate the timing of a time out period. Assuming the oscillator is off, the first time the pen contacts an object, the resetting causes the oscillator to be turned on. So long as the oscillator is on, the opening and closing of the tip switch causes the oscillator to switch between the contact frequency and the proximity frequency. Should the timer reach the end of a predetermined time out period, the oscillator is shut off.

Abstract: An oscillation inducing circuit includes a power-on circuit connected to a power supply of V.sub.DD, a plurality of transfer gates, and a capacitor. The power-on circuit (1) supplies a control signal having a first level to the transfer gates so that a capacitor is charged in a first polarity direction to an instantaneous level of the increasing power supply voltage, and (2) supplies a control signal having a second level so that the capacitor is charged in a second polarity direction, opposite to the first direction, to a voltage equal to an addition of the previously charged voltage and the present instantaneous power supply voltage. Together, these two charges produce a relatively high voltage for initializing the circuit and starting an oscillator.

Abstract: An oscillator of the feedback amplifier type is described that employs a complementary bipolar transistors pair in which the collectors have a common connection with the output terminal. The oscillator operates from a single power supply, provides near rail-to-rail voltage swings, and hence may interface directly with CMOS logic. Because of the relatively low base-emitter voltages operation with supply voltages less than one volt is possible.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit with a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) comprises a range changing circuit that adapts the d.c. control voltage of the circuit to a control signal suitable for adjusting the VCO to the full frequency range. The voltage level for the control signal can be outside the voltage range delimited by the supply voltages for the circuit. In order to obtain a voltage supply of a sufficient voltage level the output signal of the VCO is used as the input of an a.c. to d.c. converter that provides the necessary higher supply voltage for the range changing circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device comprises a first oscillator circuit driven by a first voltage for generating a first clock signal employed as the internal system clock signal for an internal circuit in the integrated circuit device and a second oscillator circuit driven by a second voltage lower than said first voltage for generating a second clock signal. A voltage boost circuit generates a stepped up voltage based on the second clock signal, which stepped up voltage is higher than the first voltage and is supplied to the first oscillator circuit and the internal circuit as their circuit source voltage.

Abstract: A solid state oscillator which may be used as a microwave electronics teaching aid. The solid state oscillator is powered by a klystron power supply, and is interchangeable with a klystron. The solid state oscillator includes a circuit having inputs, through which a conventional klystron AC filament voltage is inputted. The circuit then rectifies and raises the input voltage to a higher level, and then tunes the higher level DC voltage to a resonant frequency. The raised voltage is powered by a microwave signal by means of a solid state microwave diode mounted in a wave guide.

Abstract: Frequency compensation for a crystal oscillator circuit whose oscillation frequency is dependent on source voltage applied thereto. When a capacitor is added to the frequency compensation terminal of the crystal oscillator circuit, the circuit changes the oscillation frequency thereof on the basis of the capacitance of the capacitor. A source voltage detector compares the source voltage being applied to the crystal oscillator circuit with a predetermined reference voltage and produces a control signal matching whether the source voltage is higher or lower than the reference voltage. On receiving the control signal, a control switch turns on or off the contact thereof to add or not to add the capacitor to the frequency compensation terminal.

Abstract: An RF oscillator is disclosed that can be tuned to operate over a wide range of frequencies while maintaining advantageous bias conditions. The oscillator includes circuitry that adjusts an oscillator bias signal in response to changes in oscillator frequency and/or ambient temperature, and does so without resort to using the same signal for both bias and frequency control. By so doing to control parameters such as phase noise, output power and compression angle, both the frequency range and temperature range of an oscillator can be extended, while simultaneously improving the oscillator's performance.

Abstract: An improved frequency modulation apparatus (100) is provided comprising a generator (102), a biasing voltage line (116), and an interface circuit (110). The generator (102) is utilized to generate a carrier signal. A control line input (104) on the generator (102) adjusts the frequency of the carrier signal. The biasing voltage line (116) provides DC power in order to DC bias the generator (102). The interface circuit (110) couples an information signal (114) to the biasing voltage line (116) for altering the biasing of the generator (102) in response to the information signal (114). The alteration of the biasing of the generator (102) results in the carrier signal being frequency modulated by the information signal (114).

Abstract: An inexpensive yet effective circuit for producing an irregular pulse train of variable frequency and duty cycle, particularly for generating simulated sounds, such as engine sounds for toy vehicles, is disclosed. The circuit comprises an integrated circuit including a plurality of Schmitt trigger inverters (U1A, U1B) configured for oscillation at different frequencies, and a resistance element (R3, R7) in series with one, and preferably both, of the power supply connections to the inverters, with the circuit output comprising the output of one of the Schmitt trigger inverters (U1B). In a preferred embodiment, a capacitance element (C4) is connected between the output of a Schmitt trigger inverter and its system voltage input for further modulating the circuit output.

Abstract: A magnetron is powered via an output transformer TR whose primary winding (a) is connected in series with a resonant converter oscillator circuit comprising an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C3) and switching transistors (T.sub.1, T.sub.2) which are connected to positive and negative power supply terminals and are switched by respective current transformers (CT1, CT2). The switching points of the switching transistors are varied so as to vary the output of the circuit by varying the positive and negative flux excursions in the cores of the transformers (CT1, CT2) such that the net flux excursions are sufficient to saturate the transformers and switch off the switching transistors at a predetermined point in each half cycle. The relative positive and negative flux excursions in the transformer cores are controlled by providing additional windings (g) which are connected to a control circuit whcih rectifies the output of these windings and controls the rectified DC voltage appearing across them.

Abstract: A high-frequency power oscillator includes a tetrode electron tube (5), a current source (3) and a voltage-limiting circuit (4). The current source (3) is connected to the screen grid of the tetrode (5). This limits the screen grid current when the voltage on the anode of the tetrode (5) is momentarily lower than the screen grid voltage. Between the screen grid and the cathode of the tetrode the voltage-limiting circuit (4) is inserted. This circuit starts to conduct above a predetermined threshold value. This forms a limit to the screen grid voltage so that is is possible to operate the tetrode (5) in a pulsating manner. The voltage-limiting circuit may comprise a triode (4) with a voltage source (2) providing a constant voltage between the grid and the cathode of the triode (4).

Abstract: An ultra low voltage energized oscillator for providing a stepped-up alternating current voltage is provided. This oscillator utilizes a field effect transistor with a high impedance network including a capacitor coupling a feedback signal from a secondary output winding to a primary input winding of a transformer.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement comprising a power source circuit (12) and a phase detector (22), a phase difference signal (PD) is supplied to a first switch (31) repeatedly turned on and off during battery saving operation and to a second switch (32) initially turned on simultaneously with the first switch. First and second intermediate signals are sent through first and second low-pass filters (41, 42; 43, 44) as first and second modified signals (MO.sub.1 and MO.sub.2), respectively, to a voltage-controlled oscillator (25). A bidirectional nonlinear circuit (36, 37) becomes conductive and also sends the second modified signal to the voltage-controlled oscillator when the first intermediate signal becomes high. The voltage-controlled oscillator produces an oscillation signal with a high sensitivity on supply of both the first and the second modified signals and with a low sensitivity on sole supply of the first modified signal.

Abstract: A security memory having a transistor oscillator with feedback, a power supply input, a control input, and an a.c. output as well as an amplifier. This memory designed in accordance with relay security standards, is of the negative control type, which stores the disappearance of a logic signal which is a function of at least one logic variable. To this end its control input is energized with a voltage whose absolute value is smaller than that of the supply voltage of the oscillator and is connected to the collector of the transistor via a diode, which collector in its turn is connected to a capacitor via a first transformer winding, which capacitor starts and sustains the oscillation.

Abstract: In an electronic timepiece powered by a lithium battery, a voltage control system is provided whereby a supply voltage of approximately one half of the battery voltage is supplied to certain portions of the timepiece circuit under normal operating conditions, but whereby cessation of operation by the timebase oscillator circuit of the timepiece due to some abnormal state such as excessively low ambient operating temperature is automatically detected and a changeover is made to supply of the full battery voltage to all of the timepiece circuitry. Upon recovery of operation of the timebase oscillator circuit, changeover to the low voltage supply state is performed.

Abstract: A frequency stabilizing device for a FET high-frequency oscillator comprises means for coupling an automatic biasing circuit included in the source-ground connection of the oscillator to a drain voltage supply circuit included in the drain-ground connection of the oscillator to provide simultaneous and oppositely directed variations of the resistance of the automatic biasing circuit and of the value of the drain-ground voltage supplied by the drain voltage supply circuit. A variation of this device can serve as a modulation stage wherein the coupling means comprise a modulating circuit arranged to supply two branches in parallel, each branch comprising a series arrangement of a shaping circuit and an impedance-matching circuit and one of which constitutes the automatic biasing circuit and the other one the drain voltage supply circuit.

Abstract: A crystal-controlled oscillator having a switching transistor connected in series with the crystal tank circuit and amplifier of the oscillator.Power consumption is reduced by minimizing the tank circuit capacitance being charged and discharged by the amplifier. The tank circuit capacitance is reintroduced into or coupled to the amplifier circuit during a submultiple oscillation period to receive regenerative feedback from said amplifier circuit to thereby replenish the tank circuit energy losses.

Abstract: A resistor is connected to the source of a C-MOS inverter included within a crystal oscillator circuit in order to reduce the power dissipation in the crystal oscillator circuit. A switching transistor responsive to the voltage reduction of a power supply source is connected to said resistor in a parallel fashion, thereby shunting the resistor when the power supply level is below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A solid state klystron comprising a switching regulator, power source, tuning adapter, and solid state oscillator utilizing supply voltages identical to those of a standard tube-type klystron.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating tumors, both benign and malignant, such as carcinoma, sarcoma, cysts and avascular lesions, in animals, such as humans, by radio frequency heating at the location of the tumor in the host having an adjustable, stable output level with fail-safe feature.

Abstract: A high power R.F. induction heating generator for inductively heating a load including a plurality of transistors of the same type series connected in a self-exciting class "C" oscillator configuration, a tank circuit having a tank coil electrically coupled to the output of the transistors, the tank coil having an impedance which matches the output impedance of the transistors and being adapted to be inductively coupled to the load for providing an oscillating R.F.

Abstract: A remote control transmitter utilizing single-pole, single-throw switches for connecting frequency determining capacitors and a battery in circuit with an LC oscillator is shown. The switches can be push-button type switches which close a pair of contacts. The battery is connected in circuit with the oscillator by a semiconductor switch which is closed by closure of any one of the push-button switches. Diodes isolate the frequency determining capacitors from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly stable CMOS oscillator for use as the master time reference in a wristwatch. A novel bias circuit comprising a CMOS pair and a relatively large resistor supply a bias voltage to the amplifier of the oscillator. The resistor can be made larger than normal because it is outside the oscillator feedback loop and does not reduce the amplifier open loop gain.