Abstract: A method implemented by a device to measure a bodily parameter includes transmitting, by a transmit (Tx) antenna of an antenna pair, a first radar pulse to a receive (Rx) antenna of the antenna pair. The method also includes receiving, by the receive (Rx) antenna, the first radar pulse. The first radar pulse travels through a radar target between the Tx antenna and the Rx antenna. The method further includes transmitting, by the Tx antenna, a second radar pulse to the Rx antenna. In addition the method includes receiving, by the Rx antenna, the second radar pulse, wherein the second radar pulse travels through the radar target between the Tx antenna and the Rx antenna. The method also includes determining a bodily parameter within the radar target as a function of the transmission and the reception of the first radar pulse and the second radar pulse.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission device that includes at least one transceiver configured to modulate data to generate a plurality of first electromagnetic waves. A plurality of couplers are configured to couple at least a portion of the plurality of first electromagnetic waves to a transmission medium, wherein the plurality of couplers generate a plurality of mode division multiplexed second electromagnetic waves that propagate along the outer surface of the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission device that includes at least one transceiver configured to modulate data to generate a plurality of first electromagnetic waves. A plurality of couplers are configured to couple at least a portion of the plurality of first electromagnetic waves to a transmission medium, wherein the plurality of couplers generate a plurality of mode division multiplexed second electromagnetic waves that propagate along the outer surface of the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission device that includes at least one transceiver configured to modulate data to generate a plurality of first electromagnetic waves. A plurality of couplers are configured to couple at least a portion of the plurality of first electromagnetic waves to a transmission medium, wherein the plurality of couplers generate a plurality of mode division multiplexed second electromagnetic waves that propagate along the outer surface of the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission medium for propagating electromagnetic waves. The transmission medium can have a first dielectric material for propagating electromagnetic waves guided by the first dielectric material, and a second dielectric material disposed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the first dielectric material for reducing an exposure of the electromagnetic waves to an environment that adversely affects propagation of the electromagnetic waves on the first dielectric material. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are various receive circuits by which to receive a plurality of guided surface waves transmitted by a plurality of guided surface waveguide probes over a surface of a terrestrial medium according to various embodiments.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a coupling device including a first antenna that radiates a first RF signal conveying first data; and a second antenna that radiates a second RF signal conveying the first data from the at least one transmitting device. The first RF signal and second RF signal form a combined RF signal that is bound by an outer surface of a transmission medium to propagate as a guided electromagnetic wave substantially in a single longitudinal direction along the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission medium for propagating electromagnetic waves. The transmission medium can include a plurality of cores for selectively guiding an electromagnetic wave of a plurality of electromagnetic waves longitudinally along each core, and a shell surrounding at least a portion of each core for reducing exposure of the electromagnetic wave of each core. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission device that includes at least one transceiver configured to modulate data to generate a plurality of first electromagnetic waves. A plurality of couplers are configured to couple at least a portion of the plurality of first electromagnetic waves to a transmission medium, wherein the plurality of couplers generate a plurality of mode division multiplexed second electromagnetic waves that propagate along the outer surface of the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide (DWG) has a dielectric core member that has a length L and an oblong cross section. The core member has a first dielectric constant value. A dielectric cladding surrounds the dielectric core member; the cladding has a second dielectric constant value that is lower than the first dielectric constant. A conductive shield layer surrounds a portion of the dielectric cladding.

Abstract: A quasi-optical coupling system launches and extracts surface wave communication transmissions from a wire. At millimeter-wave frequencies, where the wavelength is small compared to the macroscopic size of the equipment, the millimeter-wave transmissions can be transported from one place to another and diverted via lenses and reflectors, much like visible light. Transmitters and receivers can be positioned near telephone and power lines and reflectors placed on or near the cables can reflect transmissions onto or off of the cables. The lenses on the transmitters are focused, and the reflectors positioned such that the reflected transmissions are guided waves on the surface of the cables. The reflectors can be polarization sensitive, where one or more of a set of guided wave modes can be reflected off the wire based on the polarization of the guided wave modes and polarization and orientation of the reflector.

Abstract: A foamed axial cable includes a pair of signal conductors, an insulation covering a periphery of the signal conductor and formed of a foamed material, a skin layer covering a periphery of the insulation and formed of a non-foamed material, and a shield conductor on a periphery of the skin layer. An outer surface of the skin layer or an inner surface of the shield conductor includes a fine groove formed thereon so as to have a void between the skin layer and the shield conductor.

Abstract: A guiding medium for guiding radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic surface waves, comprising: a first surface, the first surface having an electrical impedance suitable for the propagation of electromagnetic surface waves; and a protection layer positioned on or adjacent the first surface.

Abstract: A surface wave launcher for launching electromagnetic surface waves, the launcher comprising: a waveguide having a feed end and a launch end; a feed structure coupled to the feed end of the waveguide; wherein the feed structure includes a first conductor; the waveguide comprises a first planar conductive layer having a feed end and a launch end, the feed end being coupled to the first conductor; and the waveguide is arranged to be positioned adjacent a surface suitable for guiding electromagnetic surface waves, wherein the width of the first planar conductive layer tapers from the launch end towards the feed end.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: This left-handed substance comprises an array of conductive wires positioned relative to one another in such a way as to present a negative permittivity relative to the electromagnetic waves which have an electrical field parallel to the biggest dimension of these wires and are propagated at a frequency below the electrical plasma frequency of the substance, each wire being made out of a conductive magnetic material having negative permeability for a range of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves below the electrical plasma frequency of the substance and when there is no external artificial static magnetic field. Each wire comprises at least one strip, made out of a conductive magnetic material that extends along the greatest dimension of the wire in a plane of the strip and has a thickness at least twice as small as the skin thickness of the conductive magnetic material.

Abstract: A low attenuation surface wave transmission line system for launching surface waves on a bare and unconditioned conductor, such as are found in abundance in the power transmission lines of the existing power grids. The conductors within the power grid typically lack dielectric and special conditioning. Accordingly, the present invention includes a first launcher, preferably including a mode converter and an adapter, for receiving an incident wave of electromagnetic energy and propagating a surface wave longitudinally on the power lines. The system includes at least one other launcher, and more likely a number of other launchers, spaced apart from one another along the constellation of transmission lines. The system and associated electric fields along any given conductor are radially and longitudinally symmetrical.

Abstract: Since known detection devices include detectors of the same number as that of samples, the system configuration is complicated. According to the present invention, therefore, a plurality of electromagnetic-wave-transmission lines with different propagation-delay times and a coupled-transmission line coupling the electromagnetic-wave-transmission lines with each other are provided, and an electromagnetic wave is detected by the same electromagnetic-wave-detection unit. Subsequently, a detection device including at least one electromagnetic-wave detector of a number smaller than that of samples can be provided, which decreases the system complexity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electromagnetic wave circuit disruptor apparatus including: a biasable non-reciprocal device having terminals for receiving and transmitting the electromagnetic signals, a controllable biaser, a signal detector, and a controller connected to the signal detector and the controllable biaser to selectively reverse the bias of the controllable biaser. The energy level at the receiver terminal of the non-reciprocal device is monitored to detect a condition such as an inappropriate amount of power at a circuit, such as at a receiver circuit. When a failure mode is detected the bias of the controllable biaser is reversed, thus reversing the direction of the non-reciprocal device. Instead of flowing into the circuit, energy flows into a properly matched load on a provided terminal of the non-reciprocal device and is dissipated.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: Provided are a waveguide capable of suppressing strain and defect caused in a semiconductor in an initial stage or during operation due to a manufacturing process or the like to realize improvement and stabilization of characteristics such as oscillation characteristics, and a method of manufacturing the waveguide. A waveguide includes a first conductor layer and a second conductor layer that are composed of a negative dielectric constant medium having a negative real part of dielectric constant with respect to an electromagnetic wave in a waveguide mode, and a core layer that is in contact with and placed between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer, and includes a semiconductor portion. At least the first conductor layer has a particular depressed and projected structure extending in an in-plane direction.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it as a surface wave along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: A waveguide comprising a SF_WG portion between a first transmission line and a second transmission line, wherein the SF_WG portion has a width greater than or equal to 75 um.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: The RF signal generated by a ZigBee radio on the outside of a building structure is conveyed to the interior of the building by guiding it along an electric cable bundle that passes through the building's wall to supply domestic electric power to the interior of the structure. The RF signal is launched by a unique coupler comprising a pair of insulated foil conductors.

Abstract: This left-handed substance comprises an array of conductive wires positioned relative to one another in such a way as to present a negative permittivity relative to the electromagnetic waves which have an electrical field parallel to the biggest dimension of these wires and are propagated at a frequency below the electrical plasma frequency of the substance, each wire being made out of a conductive magnetic material having negative permeability for a range of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves below the electrical plasma frequency of the substance and when there is no external artificial static magnetic field. Each wire comprises at least one strip, made out of a conductive magnetic material that extends along the greatest dimension of the wire in a plane of the strip and has a thickness at least twice as small as the skin thickness of the conductive magnetic material.

Abstract: A waveguide in semiconductor integrated circuit is disclosed, the waveguide comprises a horizontal first metal plate, a horizontal second metal plate above the first metal plate, separated by an insulation material, and a plurality of metal vias positioned in two parallel lines, running vertically through the insulation material in contacts with both the first and second metal plates, wherein the first and second metal plates and the plurality of metal vias form a metal enclosure in a cross-sectional view that can serve as a waveguide.

Abstract: A low attenuation surface wave transmission line system for launching surface waves on a bare and unconditioned conductor, such as are found in abundance in the power transmission lines of the existing power grids. The conductors within the power grid typically lack dielectric and special conditioning. Accordingly, the present invention includes a first launcher, preferably including a mode converter and an adapter, for receiving an incident wave of electromagnetic energy and propagating a surface wave longitudinally on the power lines. The system includes at least one other launcher, and more likely a number of other launchers, spaced apart from one another along the constellation of transmission lines. The system and associated electric fields along any given conductor are radially and longitudinally symmetrical.

Abstract: A low attenuation surface wave transmission line system for launching surface waves on a bare and unconditioned conductor, such as are found in abundance in the power transmission lines of the existing power grids. The conductors within the power grid typically lack dielectric and special conditioning. Accordingly, the present invention includes a first launcher, preferably including a mode converter and an adapter, for receiving an incident wave of electromagnetic energy and propagating a surface wave longitudinally on the power lines. The system includes at least one other launcher, and more likely a number of other launchers, spaced apart from one another along the constellation of transmission lines. The system and associated electric fields along any given conductor are radially and longitudinally symmetrical.

Abstract: An apparatus for launching a surfacewave onto a single conductor transmission line provides a launch including a flared, continuously curving cone portion; a coaxial adapter portion; a wire adapter portion for contacting the wire conductor which allows for a multiplicity of wire dimensions for either insulated or uninsulated wire, or a tri-axial wire adapter device enabling non-contacting coupling to a wire; and a longitudinal slot added to the flared cone, wire adapter, and coaxial adapter portions of the launch to allow direct placement of the launch onto existing lines, without requiring cutting or threading of those lines for installation.

Abstract: An apparatus for launching a surfacewave onto a single conductor transmission line provides a launch including a flared, continuously curving cone portion; a coaxial adapter portion; a wire adapter portion for contacting the wire conductor which allows for a multiplicity of wire dimensions for either insulated or uninsulated wire, or a tri-axial wire adapter device enabling non-contacting coupling to a wire; and a longitudinal slot added to the flared cone, wire adapter, and coaxial adapter portions of the launch to allow direct placement of the launch onto existing lines, without requiring cutting or threading of those lines for installation.

Abstract: A single-wire time-domain reflectometer (TDR) combines the best performance features of prior art “electronic dipsticks” in a high accuracy implementation that allows tank penetration though a small opening. A wire-horn structure is employed to launch TDR pulses onto a single wire transmission line, wherein the horn wires can be flexed inwards so the dipstick structure can be inserted through a small tank opening. Once inside the tank, the horn wires flex to their normal state to provide a controlled reference reflection while simultaneously providing high coupling efficiency to the dipstick. The TDR system determines the fill-level of a tank by measuring the time difference between a reflection created at the wire-horn, which all is at the top of a tank, and a reflection from a material in the tank. The TDR employs automatic time-of-peak (TOP) detectors and incorporates a 2-diode sampler, a low-aberration pulse generator, and a 0.001% accurate timebase.

Abstract: A towed antenna system employs drop-type dispensing for rapid deployment of a towed element on the end of a cable. The cable has an elastic central conductor, preferably of stranded stainless steel, which stretches to absorb the high tension of the towed element on the cable at the end of payout. The other end of the cable is anchored by a mounting portion in the launcher. A signal is fed from a coaxial signal conductor to the central conductor of the cable by a right-angle feed to a conductive sleeve on the central conductor, in order to avoid placing stress from the cable on the coaxial signal conductor.

Abstract: A transition includes a sheet of dielectric material having two parallel surfaces. A tapered recess in one surface converges towards the other surface with the axis of the recess orthogonal to said surface. The dielectric material has a critical angle of reflection with respect to the axis.A RF horn is located in proximity to the surface with the recess and has an axis in common with the axis of the tapered recess. A RF lens is located between the horn and the tapered recess. The optical properties of the RF horn, RF lens, tapered recess, and dielectric material are such that all rays traced from the horn through the lens and dielectric material to the second surface have an angle with respect to said normal of the second surface greater than said critical angle. RF energy on the second surface from the center of the horn is in phase with RF energy on said second surface from the edge of said horn allowing a surface wave to be launched on the second surface.

Abstract: In the production of a waveguide, a pipe of a glass which is soluble in an acid or an alkali is used in order to obtain a smooth inner peripheral surface of a reflecting layer of the waveguide. After the reflecting layer is formed on the outer periphery of the pipe, the glass pipe is dipped in an etchant to be dissolved and removed. A reinforcement layer can be applied to the waveguide, and the reinforcement layer is made of a resin in order to keep the flexibility of the waveguide. In this case, the reinforcement layer of a resin is formed on the outer periphery of the reflecting layer on the pipe, and thereafter the pipe is dipped in the etchant and is removed. The waveguide of a circular cross-section can be flatted. In this case, the reinforcement layer made of a thermoplastic resin is heated to be softened, and then a compressive force is applied to the waveguide radially thereof to flatten the waveguide.

Abstract: An electromagnetic dispersive delay line (10) includes a dielectric strip (28) as well as a coupler (24, 34, 36, and 38) for launching surface electromagnetic waves into the dielectric strip. The upper surface of the dielectric strip (28) is left exposed to the air in order to provide an interface with a lower-permittivity medium of propagation. This permits a surface-electromagnetic-wave propagation mode. The thickness of the dielectric strip (28) is varied along its length so as to result in a linear relationship of delay to frequency throughout a predetermined frequency range. Preferably, a conductive strip (26) spaced from the dielectric strip extends along the surface-wave propagation path in the region occupied by the evanescent field external to the dielectric strip (28). This conductive strip (26) modifies the phase relationships between the electric and magnetic fields in the evanescent-field region so as to cause some of the power transmission to occur outside of the dielectric strip.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the present invention comprising an electric circuit formed in a semiconductor substrate, said circuit including first and second nodes between which a potential difference is provided, a wiring of a large ground capacitance connected to the first node, and a bypass capacitor connected to the second node, said wiring and bypass capacitor being of an integral structure prepared by laminating an upper conductor film pattern connected to the second node via an insulating film on a lower conductor film pattern connected to the first node. A MIM-structure in which a wiring and a bypass capacitor are made integral is employed in the semiconductor integrated circuit device of the present invention, making it possible to eliminate the large area required for forming the independent bypass capacitor. Also, the ratio of the ground capacitance of the wiring to the capacitance of the bypass capacitor is constant regardless of the change in the length of the wiring.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface signal launcher for coupling RF signals between a coaxial cable in a single-wire surface wave transmission line. The signal launcher includes a shell-like, electrically conductive launcher horn that is installed at the juncture of the coaxial cable and the surface wave transmission line with the launcher horn concentrically surrunding the portion of the surface wave transmission line that is immediately adjacent the coaxial cable. The coaxial cable outer conductor is electrically connected to the forward end of the launcher horn with the center conductor of the coaxial cable being connected to one end of the surface wave transmission line. To prevent signal reflection at the interface between the coaxial cable and the launcher horn, the diameter of the launcher horn forward end is established to provide an impedance that is equal to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable.

Abstract: A transmission line is provided, at least a portion of the wave energy transmitting part of the line being made of a dielectric material shaped to create a physical condition which preserves the deflected wave surface of the electromagnetic wave along the portion of the transmission line. The physical condition for preserving the deflected wave surface is formed by providing at least one linear portion which retards the speed of energy transmission so as to prevent the rotation of the electric field surface of the electromagnetic wave. The wave energy transmitting portion composed of dielectric material is preferably made to have an oval cross-section in which the ratio between the major axis and the minor axis has a value not lower than 4/3. Alternatively, the wave energy transmitting portion can be made to have a rectangular cross-section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hybrid mode feeds which are capable of handling very wide bandwidths. In the present feed arrangements, a dominant TE.sub.11 mode is converted to the HE.sub.11 hybrid mode which is then launched. The TE.sub.11 to HE.sub.11 mode conversion is achieved by inserting a circular dielectric rod (12) into a flared end (11) of a smooth-walled cylindrical feedhorn until a small cylindrical section of the dielectric rod engages with the inner wall (15) of the unflared portion of the feedhorn. In one feed arrangement, the other end of the dielectric rod is similarly inserted into a flared end (21) of a corrugated cylindrical feedhorn section (22) until a short longitudinal section of the cylindrical portion of the rod is concentric with the corrugations of an unflared section of the feedhorn to provide a transition for the HE.sub.11 mode into the corrugated waveguide for subsequent launch.

Abstract: A lightweight, efficient, microwave power transmitting antenna is disclosed, suitable for use in a space borne transmitter for beaming solar generated electrical power down to earth based receiving antennas. The space borne antenna structure is formed by modules that are structurally integrated into a multimodule antenna array. Each module comprises a rectangular framework of limited depth having rigid sides circumscribing a generally open region in which a plurality of spaced parallel single wire Goubau transmission lines are strung to create a "see-through" harp-like configuration. A Klystron powered feed wave guide is disposed as one structural side of the module for exciting standing electromagnetic waves on the plurality of Goubau lines. Printed circuit Yagi endfire radiators are supported on dielectric webs disposed in juxtaposition with the Goubau lines for being synchronously excited by the standing waves on such lines.

Abstract: A surface wave transmission line enclosed in a dielectric shield and supported within the enclosure at a predetermined distance from the base of the enclosure. The enclosure being constructed such that the surface wave transmission line may be in close proximity to reflecting objects positioned along the enclosure and at a predetermined distance from a mounting structure.

Abstract: An extensible surface wave transmission line is fed through a coupler that utilizes the geometric properties of a planar ellipse. The coupler is in the form of a planar elliptical r.f. cavity with the r.f. input signal being fed to the cavity at the location of one ellipse focus point and the extensible output transmission line slidably traversing the cavity at the position of the other ellipse focus point. The elliptical eccentricity of the r.f. cavity is chosen such that the direct path between the ellipse foci is one half wavelength less than the ellipse major axis (or any indirect path-length between foci) thereby ensuring constructive addition of all input signals at the coupler output. The coupler is adapted to use in conjunction with aircraft antennas, transit and rail system applications, and electrical cable manufacturing quality control systems.

Abstract: A continuous, self-supporting microwave transmission line along which ultra short pulses of microwave signals may propagate over distances of several hundred feet with minimum pulse distortion and signal attenuation. Propagation along the line is accomplished by an electromagnetic field thereabout that is sensitive to objects positioned in the proximity of the transmission line, a characteristic that may be utilized in short pulse reflectometer systems for monitoring and control of vehicles on a prescribed course.

Abstract: An electronic detection system for detecting intruders employs a transmission line as a sensing element. The transmission line is positioned about the perimeter of the area to be protected. An antenna applies pulsed RF energy to the line. An intruder in the field of the line causes an RF reflection back toward the source, which reflection may be detected by Doppler range-gating techniques.

Abstract: In a surface wave isolator consisting of two gyromagnetic slabs a conductive strip between said slabs, means to establish a magnetizing field within said slabs, a two part load is associated side by side with said slabs and the strip extends also between the two parts of the load. A first part of the load is a continuous load parallel to the strip, a second part of the load is a plurality of localized absorbing means placed along the propagation axis and parallel to said strip. The impedance of the localized absorbing means is matched to the impedance of an unwanted parasitic propagation mode at the corresponding place.

Abstract: A beam lead rod assembly for incorporation into an electromagnetic wave coaxial transmission line structure. The rod assembly comprises a beam lead holder and a beam lead device. The holder includes a cylindrical body of a dielectric material and a conductive coating surrounding each end portion of the body for conductively connecting each side of the body to a different portion of the transmission line. The conductive regions are separated by a circumferential gap so that there is no conduction between the two conductive regions. The beam lead device is disposed across the gap with opposite beam leads being conductively connected to opposite conductive regions.