Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device which can achieve miniaturization and cost reduction by increasing attenuation outside a passband and greatly decreasing the occurrence of extraneous radiation emissions.

Abstract: A waveguide for high power radio frequency transmission, comprising a tubular member having an ellipsoidal cross section and relatively uniform wall thickness having a ratio of major to minor axes between about 1.5 to 2.0 and a minimum minor axis of about 20 cm.

Abstract: A microwave component is described with a substantially tub-shaped housing part which comprises a bottom portion and at least one wall portion merging into the circumference of the bottom portion, and with a lid part, said housing part and lid part being formed from a magnetically permeable material and enclosing an inner space in which a number of substantially disc-shaped components are provided in a stacked arrangement between the bottom portion and the lid part such that a partial space of the inner space adjoining at least a sub-portion of the bottom portion is left open by the stacked arrangement.A compact construction benefiting miniaturization is obtained in this microwave component in spite of the accommodation of a bulky load impedance.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) transceiver I/O filter design which provides both polarization and isolation filtering includes a receive probe positioned in a first orientation in an opening of the PCB which has a feed waveguide attached to it on a first side of the PCB. Receive signals propagate into the feed waveguide and excite the probe causing the receive probe to couple the received signals to receive circuitry. The transceiver design further includes an enclosed waveguide structure attached to the PCB having a first end positioned over the PCB opening and a second end positioned over a transmit probe which is positioned in a second orientation orthogonal to the receive probe. The transmit probe is excited by transmit circuitry and couples signals into the waveguide structure through the PCB opening and out the feed waveguide.

Abstract: In the disclosed nonreciprocal circuit device, which employs a single-board-type capacitor, the problem of electrode peeling can be avoided. The nonreciprocal circuit device has characteristics such that attenuation is small in the direction of signal transmission and attenuation is large in the reverse direction and has matching capacitors disposed in signal input/output ports. The matching capacitors are formed of single-board-type capacitors including capacitor electrodes formed so as to be opposed each other on both main surfaces of a dielectric substrate with the substrate in between. An outer peripheral edge of a grounding electrode (or another connected electrode), to which a capacitor electrode of the single-board-type capacitor is connected, is positioned inwardly from an outer peripheral edge of the capacitor electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface mounting type isolator, which comprises: ferrite 1 having an internal magnetic field so as to render an external magnetic field unnecessary; ceramic substrate 5 into which ferrite 1 is inserted; full-surface grounding conductor 7 disposed on one surface of ceramic substrate 5; branch lines 2, 3 disposed on the other surface of ceramic substrate 5, branch lines 2,3 being connected to two input/output terminals 11, 12; connecting portion 4 disposed on ferrite 1 and connected to branch lines 2, 3; and terminating resistor 6 connected to connecting portion 4.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit device has a plurality of central conductors arranged so as to intersect mutually on a magnetic substance to which a d.c. magnetic field is applied, and matching capacitors connected between the ports of the central conductors and ground. In the non-reciprocal circuit device an inductor is connected between at least one port of the central conductor and the signal-input/output terminal corresponding thereto, to modify the frequency response characteristics thereof.

Abstract: A structure for a passive microwave device. The structure includes a housing having circumferential side portions and selectively located openings in the side portions. In addition, electrical conductors for the passive device extend from the openings. The structure further includes substantially rigid supports which provide structural support for the conductors. The conductors are positioned above the supports and are electrically connected to contacts which are secured in apertures formed in the supports. A dielectric material is disposed on a perimeter of each of the contacts which serves to isolate each of the contacts from the support when the contact is positioned within the aperture.

Abstract: The intersection angle formed by the central conductor connected to an input port and the central conductor connected to an output port is set to more than 120 degrees, preferably about 130 to 150 degrees, for example 140 degrees. The central conductor connected to a terminating port preferably bisects the above-described intersection angle and may be set to either 110 degrees or 70 degrees, for example. The resistance of a terminating resistor connected to the terminating port is set to about 200 to 500 .OMEGA., for example 300 .OMEGA..

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device that avoids the problems of increased loss and narrowed frequency bandwidth when used with a low power supply voltage. An isolator (nonreciprocal circuit device) has a plurality of center electrodes (2 through 4) disposed so as to intersect and having a ferrite (5) disposed in alignment with the point of intersection, to which a DC magnetic field HDC is applied. An impedance conversion circuit (6) is added to the port of any one of center electrodes (2 through 4), setting the input impedance Zi to 2<Zi<12.5 ohms.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device with a simplified manufacturing process and a reduced manufacturing cost, without any increase in the magnetic material loss in a matching circuit. The nonreciprocal circuit device has an integrally fired ferromagnetic body formed of a first ferromagnetic body and a second ferromagnetic body. In the first ferromagnetic body, central conductors are arranged to cross each other in an electrically isolated state. In the second ferromagnetic body having lower saturation magnetization than that of the first ferromagnetic body, capacity electrodes and earth electrodes are formed to form the matching circuit.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device with a plurality of central conductors each formed of a respective plurality of laminated strip conductors extending in the same direction. The central conductors overlap with each other at a specified angle. A ferrite is disposed where the central conductors overlap, and a DC magnetic field is applied to the overlapping portion. The strip conductors constituting two central conductors among the plurality of central conductors may be alternately laminated. Or, the strip conductors constituting one central conductor may sandwich those of another central conductor, to achieve strong electromagnetic coupling.

Abstract: One or two inductor electrodes formed of hairpin-bent or curved electrode patterns are made on one main surface of a component member of a nonreciprocal circuit device, and connection electrodes are formed on the other main surface at positions corresponding to both ends of each inductor electrode. The component member may be a spacer member or a terminal board. Both ends of each inductor electrode are connected to the connection electrodes by through holes. The port sections of central conductors at the signal input and output side are connected to input and output terminal electrodes through the inductor electrodes, formed on the component member of the nonreciprocal circuit device. Each inductor electrode forms a low-pass filter in combination with capacitances in the nonreciprocal circuit device.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave propagation structure, suitable for the transmission of an electromagnetic wave and the formation of resonators within filters, is constructed of both high and low dielectric-constant materials wherein the high dielectric-constant is in excess of approximately 80 and the low dielectric-constant is less than approximately 2. A boundary between the high and the low dielectric-constant materials serves as an electric wall to waves propagating in the low dielectric-constant material and as a magnetic wall to waves propagating in the high dielectric-constant material. This permits substitution of the high dielectric-constant material for metal elements, such as resonators and feed structures in filters. Furthermore, the use of a cladding of dielectric material of one of the foregoing dielectric ranges about a core of material of the other of the foregoing dielectric ranges enables construction of waveguides having rectangular and circular cross-sections.

Abstract: A circularly polarized wave-linearly polarized wave transducer using a waveguide characterized by expanding the inner wall of the section vertical to the tube axis of the waveguide in a taper form having a gradient in the axial direction of the tube. The taper gradient in the axial direction of the tube is different at plural parts in the circumferential direction of the inner wall, thereby producing a difference in the propagation constant of two modes orthogonal at a microwave frequency. The taper gradient and overall length of the waveguide are determined so that the phase difference of the two modes is .pi./4 at each end of the waveguide. The circularly polarized wave-linearly polarized wave transducer can be realized in a simple construction in which the core of a die in the die-casting process can be drawn out in only one direction.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element having low insertion loss is provided. In the circuit element, three central conductors are disposed such that they intersect each other at specified angles in an electrically isolated condition and a DC bias magnetic field is applied to the intersection. The intersection angles formed by the central conductors are set to different values, corresponding to the rotation angle of the high-frequency magnetic field caused by the DC bias magnetic field. A stronger operating DC magnetic field than that in a conventional circuit element is used to reduce a ferrite loss.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element which meets the demand for a reduced size and a lower price. A circulator, which is a type of non-reciprocal circuit element, is constituted by a first central electrode and a second central electrode which are disposed on a main surface of a ferrite member so that they intersect with each other while being electrically insulated from each other; a first input/output port and a second input/output port which are connected to corresponding first ends of the aforesaid two central electrodes and a third input/output port which is connected in common to second ends of the two central electrodes; two matching capacitors connected between the first and second I/O ports, respectively, and the third I/O port; and a magnetic circuit for applying a DC magnetic field to the aforesaid ferrite member.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element which can be miniaturized while still providing a matching capacitance having a large value. A circulator, for example, has central electrodes and a multilayer substrate for forming a matching capacitance. The multilayer substrate is formed by stacking a plurality of dielectric sheets provided with central electrodes or matching capacitive electrodes with each other and integrally firing the same. The matching capacitance is formed by connecting multilayer capacitive parts which are formed by stacking a number of dielectric sheets which are each partially sandwiched by a pair of capacitive electrodes in parallel with each other. An upper surface of the multilayer substrate has a first aperture for receiving a ferrite member and a second aperture for receiving a permanent magnet in positions facing the central electrodes.

Abstract: A multi-layer metal composite for microwave tubing and the like, which comprises a tubular shaped copper alloy base metal (e.g., brass or phosphorus bronze) lined with silver. A relatively thin interliner layer of a grain refiner containing copper alloy (e.g., copper-zirconium alloy (C15100), tellurium-copper (C14530), cadmium-copper (C14300), manganese-copper (C15500), alumina-copper (C157XX), beryllium-copper (C17410), or the like) is provided between the base metal and the silver, for limiting diffusion of impurities from the base metal into the silver coating and for maintaining a smooth, relatively constant cross section of silver.

Abstract: Dielectric circuit components such as a dielectric strip, dielectric blocks and dielectric ring inserted between conductive plates are molded from a thermoplastic material. As the thermoplastic material, thermoplastic resin is used which has a dielectric constant not greater than 2.4. The dielectric circuit components may be injection-molded from an injection-moldable high polymer material which contains fluorine and has a melting point not greater than 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A planar phase shifter formed of multiple layers of a ferrite. Selected layers of the ferrite are patterned with a conductor and the multiple layers of magnetic dielectric and conductor are cofired. The phase shifter is fabricated by first obtaining ferrite powder. Then, layers of the ferrite are made, preferably by tape casting. Next the ferrite layers are metallized by applying selected amounts of conductive metals in a selected pattern upon the tape. Selected numbers of vias are placed through selected layers of tape and conductive metal is placed in the vias to provide vertical connections through the layers. The tape layers are then stacked in a predetermined order and are laminated. The laminated stack of layers is then fired to a temperature of approximately 800.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C., sintering the laminated layers into one integrated structure.

Abstract: A magnetic or electromagnetic circuit component includes an embedded magnetic material (e.g., ferromagnetic) in an HDI structure with alternating dielectric and metal or winding layers. In one embodiment, the ferromagnetic material is situated in a substrate well, or cavity, with or without an adhesive. Alternatively, the ferromagnetic material is co-fired with the ceramic substrate and then machined to achieve a required core shape. An electroplating process is employed to construct the metal layers, such process including differential plating for varying the thickness of metal layers and/or other portions of the circuit. Laser ablation or any other suitable technique is employed to make through-holes for insertion of the posts of a ferromagnetic core plate used to complete a magnetic circuit, if required. Advantageously, a magnetic or electromagnetic component may have a height of less than about 0.1 inch.

Abstract: A high-performance, small-sized nonreciprocal circuit element whose isolation characteristics are improved by making the reactances of the central electrodes uniform for every port. The circuit element may have a multilayer substrate with three ceramic sheets. Three central electrodes are formed on these sheets, respectively. The sheets are placed on top of each other so that the central electrodes make angles of 120 degrees with respect to each other. The strip widths and/or the strip spacings in the central electrodes are set separately so as to provide uniform reactances for the individual ports.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element of reduced weight and manufactured at a lower cost without deteriorating the parallelism and the magnetic field distribution of a unidirectional magnetic field. The non-reciprocal circuit element may be a circulator having a ferrite member having a center electrode section in which a plurality of electrode lines which function as inductance components are disposed so as to intersect each other, forming a predetermined angle therebetween while being electrically insulated from each other. In this circulator, a magnetic member made of a magnetic material having a permeability higher than that of the ferrite member is formed integrally with a lower surface of the ferrite member. The ferrite member also has matching capacitance electrodes connected to input/output ports of the electrode lines to function as capacitance components. The center electrode section and the matching capacitance electrodes are incorporated in the ferrite member.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element having low insertion loss is provided. In the circuit element, three central conductors are disposed such that they intersect each other at specified angles in an electrically isolated condition and a DC bias magnetic field is applied to the intersection. The intersection angles formed by the central conductors are set to different values, corresponding to the rotation angle of the high-frequency magnetic field caused by the DC bias magnetic field. A stronger operating DC magnetic field than that in a conventional circuit element is used to reduce a ferrite loss.

Abstract: An improved broad band "Y" junction isolator/circulator at V-Band is disclosed. A "star"-shaped ferrite structure is positioned in the isolator housing. The ferrite structure comprises two triangular-shaped ferrite members positioned 180.degree. from each other and bonded together.

Abstract: A high-performance, small-sized nonreciprocal circuit element whose isolation characteristics are improved by making the reactances of the central electrodes uniform for every port. The circuit element may have a multilayer substrate with three ceramic sheets. Three central electrodes are formed on these sheets, respectively. The sheets are placed on top of each other so that the central electrodes make angles of 120 degrees with respect to each other. The strip widths and/or the strip spacings in the central electrodes are set separately so as to provide uniform reactances for the individual ports.

Abstract: A wide-bandwidth variable attenuator/modulator incorporating a region of material comprising a combination of a ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic material which exhibits a Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) effect.

Abstract: A corrugated waveguide is disclosed comprising a cylindrical body with outer and inner surfaces. The inner surface is provided with plurality of ridges uniformly spaced around the inner surface. Presence of 2n ridges secures the formation of microwaves with stable TE.sub.n1 modes where n is an integer and n>1. Disclosed also is an electron cyclotron resonance system for plasma processing of which system the corrugated waveguide described in the above is a part.

Abstract: A system for synthesizing a microwave filter including a plurality of resonators having no tuning elements, in particular waveguide filters for use in satellite telecommunications networks. Signals representing the coupling coefficients of the coupling elements having a finite thickness and the resonant frequency of the resonators are stored in an electronic memory. A computation unit is controlled by a control unit arranged to determine automatically, in a single run, the widths of the coupling elements and the lengths of the resonators from the signals representing the coupling coefficients.

Abstract: A high-frequency use non-reciprocal circuit includes a sintered body which is a high-frequency use magnetic body obtained by a ceramic lamination/integral firing technique, a plurality of central electrodes which are arranged in the sintered body to be separated from each other through a magnetic layer while intersecting with each other at central portions, and electrodes for deriving impedance-matching capacitance which are formed in the vicinity of the intersecting portion to be in series with the central electrodes. The magnetic layer provided between the central electrodes serves as an insulating layer for electrically insulating the central electrodes from each other, a high-frequency use magnetic layer, and a material layer for deriving the impedance-matching capacitance.

Abstract: A microwave introducing device has an endless circular waveguide provided with a plurality of slots. The circular waveguide is provided with a microwave introducing portion connected to a microwave power source, and the plurality of slots are spaced through an inner side of the circular waveguide such that the slots are arranged at the inner side of the circular waveguide at a given interval. A plasma treating apparatus can be provided with the microwave introducing device.

Abstract: Joint formers for coupling between duct components having different cross-sections include a core having holes for fixing members and an opening provided with a hollowed out recess. In the opening there is formed at least one series of stepped spot-faced edges forming a series of cavities, each cavity rotated with respect to the others.

Abstract: A temperature-compensated junction isolator (28) is used with a waveguide junction (20) in a hollow microwave waveguide system (22). The junction isolator (28) includes a ferrite cylinder (34) within the waveguide walls (30 and 32) at the junction with its cylinder axis (36) perpendicular to the waveguide walls (30 and 32). A pair of temperature-compensation washers (38) are aligned with the cylinder axis (36) of the ferrite cylinder (34) and are positioned external to the waveguide walls (30 and 32). Each washer (38) has a central opening (40) smaller in diameter than the diameter of the ferrite cylinder (34) and is made of a material whose permeability decreases with increasing temperature, preferably a nickel-iron alloy with about 30 percent iron. A pair of magnets (42) are aligned with the cylinder axis (36) of the ferrite cylinder (34), one of the magnets (42) being located exterior to each of the temperature-compensation washers (38 ).

Abstract: A mode suppressor structure designed to maintain TE.sub.01 mode matching in an overmoded waveguide, while at the same time allowing efficient coupling of unwanted modes for dissipation in the mode filtering structure of the overmoded waveguide, and in a manner which is non-intrusive on the TE.sub.01 mode and thus promotes high power operation.

Abstract: A high speed probe attenuator has an attenuator with a plurality of resistors connected in series between a probe input and an instrument output. A plurality of capacitors are coupled in parallel with pairs of the resistors in an interleaved fashion to spread the frequency correction along the attenuator. The output of the attenuator is coupled by a large diameter coaxial cable to a test instrument. The result is a high speed probe with no dribble-up effect and no overshoot.

Abstract: A compact multi-junction ferrite circulator/isolator in which ferrites, junctions with center conductors and permanent magnet are situated in a stacked manner with common center line within non-magnetic housing. A magnetic circuit also has C-shaped members each having shield, return and ground plane portions. The permanent magnet is located in between the ground plane portions of two C-shaped members. In this tandem circuit one permanent magnet and two ferrites having cross section area of those in a single circuit and less expensive round ferrite shape might be used. It gives a uniform magnetic flux which, in turn, provides better tandem circuit properties. The stacked situation of all principal tandem circuit members also gives the best horizontal integration. Vertical portion of a dielectric film within the tandem circuit might be used for a communication line application, for example, for an amplifier giving the highest level of integration.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an FSL in which a pair of planar ferrite members have planar surfaces in confronting relationship and at least one signal carrying conductor is supported between the ferrites and is closely coupled thereto. A magnetic biasing field is established having field lines disposed at an angle relative to the conductor such that the FSL has an increased attenuation at low frequencies resulting in a relatively flat limiting characteristic across the bandwidth. The conductor may lie in a plane parallel to the field lines or transverse to the field lines. In one embodiment the conductor zigzags in the plane of the field.

Abstract: A millimeter wave microstrip, high reverse loss isolator is provided comprising a monolithic ferrite element disposed on one surface of a section of microstrip dielectric substrate having a ground plane on the opposite substrate surface. The ferrite element has a pair of right prism-shaped central portions each having three prism faces and two downwardly sloping transition arm portions extending radially outwardly from two of the prism faces. A bar shaped connecting arm portion interconnects the remaining prism faces of the pair of central portions. All of the top surfces of the ferrite element are covered with microstrip conductor and four sections of microstrip conductor are disposed on the surface of the substrate in alignment with the downwardly-sloping transition arm portions of the element. Permanent magnet biasing means mounted on the ground plane beneath the ferrite element central portions cause these portions to act as microstrip Y-junction circulators.

Abstract: In a circulator/isolator device used in a cellular transmission network, a centering ring is used to position the garnets with respect to the center conductor, magnets and pole piece. The clamping action of the housing holds the unit together. Because the ring centers all components, additional fixtures are not needed and inaccurate "eyeballing" by the assembler is eliminated. The garnets are held in place during assembly by the centering ring thereby eliminating the need for adhesive or dielectric grease.

Abstract: A frequency selective limiter is described in which first and second ferrite members have confronting planar surfaces and at least one conductor is located on the surface of each ferrite in intimate contact. Each conductor on the first ferrite is a mirror image and is paired to a corresponding conductor on the second ferrite. The paired conductors have confronting end surface portions which are intimately bonded or welded in electrical contact such that each of the paired conductors is electrically equivalent to a single conductor in closely coupled to the ferrites. No other form of bonding is necessary to secure the ferrite members together. In the invention, an external conformal ground plane is more securely deposited in the regions where the ferrites abut. In a particular embodiment, coplanar ground planes located between the ferrites are securely bonded to the conformal ground plane.

Abstract: A lumped circulator/isolator element including option with widebanding circuit, in which an inductor is used, at the same time, as one plate of a capacitor creating a capacitance to a ground plane. Three-strip spiral inductors 3 each located in between three strip conductors I on a surface of a ferrite substrate 5 at 60 degree angle to each other with a common junction point in a center of the ferrite substrate 5. A capacitance of the inductors 3 is created to the ground plane 6.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element which includes a case, a circuit element main body provided in the case including central conductors disposed to intersect each other in an electrically insulated state and matching circuitry, and ferrite members disposed to confront the central conductors so as to impress a d.c. magnetic field. The case is made of an insulative resin, and covered by electrode films formed to constitute at least part of the circuit element main body and terminals for the central conductors.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a frequency selective limiter. A ferrite member supports a signal carrying conductor and magnets establish a transverse magnetic field closely coupled with the conductor through the ferrite. The magnets establish a magnetic field strength versus temperature having a desired characteristic slope. A magnetic shunt, magnetically coupled to the magnets, diverts a portion of the magnetic field lines away from the ferrite for reducing the magnitude of the field coupled with the conductor to a lower value while maintaining the desired characteristic slope of the magnetic field strength with temperature. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the magnetic shunt establishes magnetic field lines within the ferrite which lie at a selected angle with respect to the conductor so that the limiting characteristic of the FSL is relatively flat across the bandwidth.

Abstract: An electric power transmission system for hyperfrequencies having a gyromagnetic effect. The system includes a gyrator device having at least one disc-shaped wafer of gyromagnetic material such as ferrite, one side of which is set to a reference potential, and at least two tuning networks each comprising an inductance arranged on the other side of the wafer and one end of which is connected to the ground of the gyrator device whereas the other end is connected to an input terminal of the transmission system. The gyrator device is subjected to a homogeneous magnetostatic field for energizing the gyrator device and a layer of electrically insulating material of low permittivity is provided between the inductances and the wafer of gyromagnetic material. The device is usable for circulators, isolators or filters.

Abstract: An optimized design for circular overmoded waveguide, of both the dielectric lined or sheathed helix types, operating in the microwave and lower millimeter wave bands.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor active isolator circuit which includes a negative feedback amplifier having an active semiconductor amplifier element. The control terminal of the semiconductor amplifying element defines the output of the isolator circuit and a principal conduction electrode of the semiconductor amplifying element defines an input of the isolator circuit.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element including a ferrite assembly which ha a pair of ferrite members and a plurality of central conductors interposed between the ferrite members, and a dielectric substrate which has an earthing electrode formed on one of its faces and a plurality of impedance matching electrodes formed on the other face, and wherein a direct current magnetic field is applied to the ferrite members. The ferrite assembly and the dielectric substrate are stacked such that lead-out portions of the central conductors are, respectively, connected to the impedance matching electrodes, while earthing portions of the central conductors and the earthing electrode are grounded.

Abstract: A resonant microwave isolator is described in which a diagonal slot is fod in the top conductor of a microstrip, a strip of ferromagnetic material is mounted over at least a portion of the slot and magnetic flux is established in the ferromagnetic material in a direction intersecting the slot.

Abstract: A computer aided design (CAD) method for designing circular overmoded waveguide systems having optimal operating characteristics. The CAD method receives selected input waveguide operational, material and structural parameters and computes the resulting waveguide operational characteristics, including power losses for a given waveguide system configuration, including both straight and bent sections. Optimal designs for lined dielectric and sheathed-helix types of circular waveguide and waveguide bends have resulted for both S- and X-band operation.