Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing transport block boundary flexibility are disclosed. In some aspects, a transmitter determines a plurality of blocks within a single transmission time interval (TTI), and transmits the plurality of blocks within the single TTI. Each of the plurality of blocks spans over a pre-defined period of time that is shorter than the single TTI. Each of the plurality of blocks includes data having a same logic channel identifier and a same header. A leading boundary and a trailing boundary of each of the plurality of blocks are aligned with one of: a leading boundary and a trailing boundary of a symbol; or a leading boundary and a trailing boundary of a code block. In additional aspects, a receiver receives these plurality of blocks within a single transmission time interval (TTI), and decodes a plurality of protocol data units in the plurality of blocks.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to determine whether a size of data is equal to a predetermined threshold or less when degradation occurs on a communication path to a destination information processing apparatus of the data; transmit the data to another information processing apparatus different from the destination information processing apparatus and coupled to the destination information processing apparatus when it is determined that the size of the data is more than the predetermined threshold; and transmit the data to the destination information processing apparatus through the communication path when it is determined that the size of the data is the predetermined threshold or less.

Abstract: In a multi-layer network, a control load in the upper layer network increases, and the usage efficiency and the reliability of the entire network decrease; therefore, a multi-layer network system according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a first network manager configured to set a logical path in a first network layer; and a second network manager configured to set a physical path corresponding to the logical path, in a second network layer, wherein the second network manager includes a network information storage configured to store physical network information including physical route information and transmission characteristic information on the second network layer, and the first network manager sets the logical path based on the physical network information.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for wireless communication. In one aspect, a method includes generating, by an access point, a frame, the frame assigning first resource units to first devices participating in a multi-user transmission with the access point during a transmission opportunity, and further indicating second resource units available during the transmission opportunity for transmissions to other devices, transmitting the frame; and receiving the multi-user transmission from the first devices according to the resource unit assignments.

Abstract: Designs, methods, and applications for fault localization and fiber security in optical transponders is described. In one embodiment a two-way time transfer protocol or other suitable method for synchronizing clocks between distant transponders is used. The clock synchronized transponders have digital signal processing to continually detect high precision time-histories of physical layer attributes in the transmission between the two transponders. Physical layer attributes can include: state-of-polarization changes, changes in polarization-mode-dispersion, change in propagation delay, changes or loss-of-light, changes in OSNR, changes in BER between the two nodes. By recording these physical layer changes and time-stamping them information on the magnitude and estimated location of the changes can be inferred by from the time records. In one aspect the method may be used in a distributed optical sensor for monitoring trespassing events that are a risk to fiber security of an optical transmission link.

Abstract: A system for optimizing network traffic is described. The system includes a primary appliance having a first handoff engine in an active state. The primary appliance is configured to receive from a first switch one of first data or a copy of first data to be provided to a second switch. The system also includes a secondary appliance having a second handoff engine in a passive state, where the secondary appliance is configured to receive from the first switch the other of the first data or the copy of the first data. The second handoff engine is configured to monitor state data provided by the first handoff engine, determine a condition of the first handoff engine using the state data and the other of the first data or the copy of first data, and based on the determination, provide instructions for the secondary appliance to provide the other of the first data or the copy of the first data to the second switch.

Abstract: The purpose of the present application is to provide a technique for the exchange of path information between different routing domains, which, while reducing the exchange of useless path information in the stage for constructing a hierarchical structure, can maintain robustness of path recognition that tolerates network partition.

Abstract: A system and method for selecting packets to be forwarded from redundant multicast streams. A primary multicast stream and a secondary multicast stream are received, wherein the primary multicast stream and the secondary multicast stream are redundant multicast streams received over disjoint multicast forwarding paths. A hardware-based analyzer in a forwarding plane of the network device is applied to detect when a quality of one of the primary multicast stream or the secondary multicast stream has fallen below a threshold. In response to detecting that a quality of one of the primary multicast stream or the secondary multicast stream has fallen below a threshold, selecting, via a thread executing in a forwarding component of the network device, a different one of the primary multicast stream or the secondary multicast stream having a quality that meets the threshold, wherein selecting includes dynamically rewriting next hop operations associated with the selected stream.

Abstract: A network client device is disclosed having a media streamer for processing a media stream received at a first port of a client device. Further included is a setup controller configured to transmit a set-up request message and a discovery message without waiting for acknowledgement of reception of the set-up request message before transmission of the discovery message, from a second port and the first port respectively, to predetermined ports of a server device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to help manage sequential processing of messages. When a layer of a protocol stack in a computing device encounters a need to transmit two or more messages in a particular sequence, the layer generates and pass to a next layer of the stack a composite message defining the two or more messages together, rather than sending the messages one by one to the next layer. With this process, the combination of the two or more messages may thus pass between and/or through layers of the stack, and a layer of the stack receiving the combination may then extract the messages individually from the combination and output the extracted messages in sequence as desired.

Abstract: Tracking distribution of content is disclosed. A path of a data transfer event associated with content distribution is discovered. The transfer path is predetermined at least in part by a third party and includes a plurality of network components. Information related to the data transfer event is associated with each of the plurality of network components. The information associated with each network component is recorded.

Abstract: Significantly optimized multi-stage networks, useful in wide target applications, with VLSI layouts using only horizontal and vertical links to route large scale sub-integrated circuit blocks having inlet and outlet links, and laid out in an integrated circuit device in a two-dimensional grid arrangement of blocks are presented. The optimized multi-stage networks in each block employ several rings of stages of switches with inlet and outlet links of sub-integrated circuit blocks connecting to rings from either left-hand side only, or from right-hand side only, or from both left-hand side and right-hand side; and employ shuffle exchange links where outlet links of cross links from switches in a stage of a ring in one sub-integrated circuit block are connected to either inlet links of switches in the another stage of a ring in the same or another sub-integrated circuit block.

Abstract: Explicit discard indications are used that allows a radio network controller, when operating in a multi-point High Speed Downlink Packet Access, HSDPA, scenario, to send data to a user equipment via plural radio base stations while reducing the risk for unnecessary duplicate data to be sent over the Uu interface between the radio base stations and the user equipment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for countering terrorism by monitoring shipping containers using an advanced communication system network for tracking and monitoring the container as it travels over international seas.

Abstract: A device reorders first cells of a first conversation; determines whether a reorder window size is exceeded a first time based on the first conversation; subjects the first conversation to a fast time out when the reorder window size is exceeded the first time; reorders second cells of a second conversation while subjecting the first conversation to the fast time out; prepares a packet based on the first conversation; and transmits the packet to a PFE of another device.

Abstract: The technology described relates to management of data packets and buffers comprising segments of data packets in a mobile communication system. Information associated with data packet segments is analyzed by a Base Station System (BSS) housing a data buffer. Based on this information analysis, the BSS can identify those segments in the buffer that constitute a complete data packet. Once identified, the segments can be discarded from the buffer. The information can include size information, whereby the analysis comprises pairwise comparing the size of a current segment with the size of a next consecutive segment. This size comparison enables identification of a first segment and a last segment of the complete data packet. The information could also, or alternatively, include a notification provided in the header of the segment. This notification identifies the associated segment as the first or last segment of the data packet or an intermediate segment.

Abstract: In a client, a system receives a set of transformation functions for use in transforming a first content, requests the first content from a gateway, and receives the first content from the gateway, including an invocation of at least one transformation function maintained on the client. The system invokes the at least one transformation function to transform the first content to access a second content on the server. In a gateway communicating with a server, a system transmits a set of transformation functions to at least one client for use in transforming a first content, receives a request from at least one client for the first content residing on the server, rewrites the first content to include the invocation of at least one transformation function maintained on the client, and transmits the first content including the invocation of at the least one transformation function maintained on the client.

Abstract: A system for transmitting and receiving image and audio data that is information on any of image and audio has a transmission apparatus and a reception apparatus. The transmission apparatus transmits the image and audio data using a multi-channel communication system and includes a first protocol conversion device. The reception apparatus receives the image and audio data using the multi-channel communication system and includes a second protocol conversion device. The transmission apparatus performs data conversion processing on the image and audio data by the first protocol conversion device using a protocol to produce parallel image and audio data, and transmits it to the reception apparatus using the multi-channel communication system. The reception apparatus receives the parallel data to perform data conversion processing on the parallel data using the protocol by the second protocol conversion device to return to the image and audio data.

Abstract: This application describes techniques for peer-agnostic socket replication to implement graceful failover. An exemplary method to enable non-stop routing includes receiving a packet with a first routing engine of a network device having the first routing engine and a second routing engine configured as a backup routing engine, replicating, before processing the packet at a transport layer, the packet to form a replicated packet, sending the replicated packet from the first routing engine to the second routing engine, receiving, at the first routing engine, an acknowledgement from the second routing engine acknowledging reception of the replicated packet, after receiving the acknowledgment, processing the packet at the transport layer of the first routing engine to extract application-layer data and assemble a routing message, and storing the application-layer data from the processed packet in a socket associated with a routing process of the first routing engine.

Abstract: In one configuration, the present invention is directed to an enterprise network that includes geographically dislocated first and second network regions 202 and 206 communicating with one another through first and second networks 252 and 248 and respectively comprising first and second gateways 220 and 224 and first and second groupings of trunks. A common electronic address is associated with the second grouping of trunks. A media server 200 is positioned in the first network region 202 that includes an inter-gateway routing agent 260. The first network region transmits, as part of the establishment of a real-time or near real-time communication between first and second subscribers respectively in the first and second network regions, the common address to the second gateway 224. After the outgoing communication is answered by the second gateway 224, the first network region transmits in band to the second gateway 224 a user identifier associated with the second subscriber and/or a phantom user.

Abstract: In one configuration, an enterprise network is provided that includes geographically dislocated first and second network regions 202 and 206, the first and second network regions being in communication with one another through first and second networks 252 and 248 and respectively comprising first and second gateways 220 and 224 and first and second groupings of links connected to the second network 248. A common electronic address is associated with the second grouping of links. In response to a request from a first subscriber to initiate a communication session with a second subscriber in the other network region, a media server 200 determines that the first network 252 is currently incapable of supporting the bearer channel for the session. In response, the first gateway 220 transmits the common electronic address to the second gateway 224.

Abstract: A communication network for detecting and regulating identifier overlap generated after subnet is created includes a communication module including a starting means for starting a subnet creation sequence; identifier generating means for generating at least two type of identifiers; a transceiver for broadcasting an identifier hail signal including at least two types of identifiers over a communication network; comparing means for comparing at least two types of identifiers included in the identifier hail signal with corresponding identifiers identifying its home subnet; identifier setup means for generating the identifiers acknowledged as unique among subnets existing within an open communication range; and an identifier storing means for storing generated identifiers.

Abstract: A method for detecting and regulating subnet identifier overlap on a power line communication network includes a communication module. The communication module includes an identifier generating means for generating at least two identifiers for identifying a home subnet; an identifier setup means for generating an identifier different from identifiers of outside subnets; an identifier storing means for storing the generated identifiers; a transceiver for broadcasting a data packet including at least one identifier among at least two identifiers over a communication network; a comparing means for comparing the identifiers included in the received data packet with corresponding identifiers identifying its home subnet; and an overlap detecting means for determining whether more than one subnet uses the corresponding identifier when a part of at least two identifiers included in the received data packet is the same as the identifier identifying its home subnet and the remaining part is different.

Abstract: A client connected to a field device management station (FDMS) by a wireless path. An operator can issue commands to any field devices from the client. As a result, the operator can manage the field devices from any remote location. In addition, the FDMS may be connected to other clients by wire-based paths as well. As a result, commands from both wire-based and wireless clients may be channeled through the FDMS, thereby simplifying tracking of various of configuration changes and status of the field devices. According to another aspect of the present invention, the wireless client is connected to a field device by a wire-line medium. Connectivity between FDMS and field devices is established through wireless client, thereby providing path redundancy (in addition to control network).

Abstract: In building automation architectures, components may be associated through physical communications paths and at a different level through building automation applications. Building automation applications implement control processes for a building function. Due to changing needs, such as a failure of a physical communications path or the addition or removal of components, the building automation application may be more appropriately performed in a different device. By dynamically positioning or determining a processor for implementing a building automation application, an architecture or network may more optimally control building functions, such as by requiring less user input, more rapid response and/or avoiding building function failures.

Abstract: One aspect is directed to a method and apparatus for transferring information, through a shared storage system, between first and second processes running on first and second computers, respectively. Both computers are coupled to a data storage system, with the first computer being coupled through multiple paths. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, at least one of the multiple paths is selected through which to transfer the information between the first process and the data storage system, so that communication between the first process and the shared storage system is not constrained to any particular path. Another aspect is directed to a method and apparatus for processing an out of band control command executed by a host computer in a multi-path system and targeting a device.

Abstract: A path reroute mechanism for use in communication networks comprising multiple searches for a routing path to restore traffic following a failure that could not be protected by a previously established protection route (i.e. protection tunnel, bypass, etc.) or for routing or rerouting of traffic paths for optimization or any other purpose. Each node advertises TLVs that include bandwidth allocation information used to derive the actual amount of bandwidth available for protection purposes, protected paths and unprotected paths or a portion of this information such as in the case where unprotected paths are not supported. Searches are performed on larger and larger portions of the available bandwidth until a route for the path is found.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for effecting a communication arrangement of a plurality of communication circuits between first connection loci of a first switch array and second connection loci of a second switch array. The apparatus comprises: (a) a first connection interface with the first switch array having first interconnection loci; (b) a second connection interface with the second switch array having second interconnection loci; (c) a plurality of communication paths at least equal in number to the plurality of communication circuits intermediate the first and second connection interfaces; (d) a first router connected with the first switch array and connection interface; and (e) a second router connected with the second switch array and connection interface. The first and second router interfaces cooperate to effect a plurality of routing connections among the first connection loci, the second connection loci and selected communication paths to establish the communication arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a line module protection method and a device utilizing that method. According to the line module protection method of the present invention, line module protection is performed by switching the connection from a broken line accommodating module to an auxiliary module. A plurality of line accommodating modules are included in a line accommodating unit connected to the lines in a network. The plurality of line accommodating modules are divided into a plurality of groups, and the auxiliary module is placed substantially at the same distance from all the groups. Thus, a large number of line accommodating modules for performing line module protection can be employed with one auxiliary module.

Abstract: A method of controlling detouring in an integrated network which includes communication devices includes the steps of registering routes at a communication device connected to terminal devices of respective media types such that the routes include a main route and a detour route with respect to each of the media types, and establishing a connection along the detour route registered for a media type upon finding unavailability of the main route registered for the media type when a call of the media type is requested from one of the terminal devices.

Abstract: The present invention switches an input/output route for each signal, even if types of signals are increased, without installing additional switchers.

Abstract: An arbitration process sets the connections to be made between ingress and egress ports of a crossbar switch of a data switching system. A weight parameter is used for each pair of ingress and egress ports. Connection requests are generated indicating ingress ports to be connected to egress ports. A selection is made among conflicting connection requests, to produce a connection proposal for each egress port. Any connection request for which respective weighting parameter is zero is not selected. When one of the connection requests is realised, the weight parameter corresponding to this connection is decreased by one. All the weight parameters for a given egress port are re-set to default values in the case that there are no connection requests for that egress port with non-zero weights.