Abstract: A method includes receiving from a first detection system, a plurality of identity tokens, the plurality of identity tokens including different types of identity tokens, the first detection system having a plurality of different types of detection instruments, receiving from a second detection system, a number of identity tokens, the second detection system having a plurality of different types of detection instruments, using information from the first detection system and the second detection system, creating correlation information that correlates different types of identity tokens, using information from the first detection system and the second detection system, determining path likelihood for a plurality of moving objects passing through the first detection system and the second detection system, and updating the correlation information using the path likelihood for the plurality of moving objects.

Abstract: A vehicular sensing system includes a data processor disposed at a vehicle, a camera disposed at an in-cabin side of the vehicle windshield, and a range sensor disposed at the vehicle and having a field of sensing that overlaps a portion of the field of view of the camera. During a driving maneuver of the vehicle, the system detects another vehicle that is located within the radar sensors field of sensing and outside of the camera's field of view and determines movement of the range sensor-detected other vehicle relative to the vehicle. When the range sensor-detected other vehicle enters the field of view of the camera, the system, at least in part via processing at the data processor of image data captured by the camera, determines that the range sensor-detected other vehicle is an object of interest. A system output is provided for use by a driving assist system.

Abstract: A vehicle control device comprises: an acquisition unit configured to acquire information of outside brightness of the vehicle; and a control unit configured to control, based on the outside brightness, luminance of a plurality of display areas including a first display area displayed by a first display unit for displaying a situation of the vehicle and a second display area displayed by a second display unit for displaying a situation of the vehicle, the second display area being displayed below the first display area, wherein when the outside brightness is higher than a first threshold, the control unit suppresses luminance of the first display area in accordance with a decrease in the outside brightness, and when the outside brightness is equal to or lower than the first threshold, suppresses luminance of the second display area in accordance with the decrease.

Abstract: Neighborhood monitoring is performed by configuring a cluster server within a public network to maintain a cluster directory identifying cluster members including a neighborhood of smart listening devices and user vehicles. The neighborhood includes a cluster of dwellings, and the user vehicles includes an autonomous vehicle. The surroundings of the smart listening devices and the user vehicles are monitored using sensors in the smart listening devices and the user vehicles. When an alerting event is detected with one of the sensors, a corresponding one of the smart listening devices and the user vehicles that detected the alerting event initiates a message to another cluster member based on the cluster directory. A responsive action is executed in response to the detected alerting event which includes commanding the at least one autonomous vehicle to autonomously relocate to a designated location.

Abstract: The disclosure generally pertains to travel planning for a multifunction robot that can travel on a ground surface and can fly over obstacles. In an example embodiment, a controller of the multifunction robot receives an Occupancy Grid map that provides information about a travel area to be traversed by the multifunctional robot. The controller may determine a first cost associated with a first travel route that involves the multifunctional robot driving around a 3D object when moving along the ground from an origination spot to a destination spot in the travel area. The controller may further determine a second cost associated with a second travel route that involves the multifunctional robot flying over the 3D object when moving from the origination spot to the destination spot. The controller may select either the first travel route or the second travel route based on comparing the first cost to the second cost.

Abstract: Methods and systems for maintaining a distributed ledger and/or blockchain of transactions and/or events pertaining to autonomous vehicles and/or smart contracts. An enforcement server may receive indications of transactions and/or events generated by one or more autonomous vehicles. The transactions and/or events may include information relating to a trigger condition and/or a decision condition associated with one or more smart contracts. The enforcement server may route the transaction to the appropriate smart contract to determine whether a trigger condition has been satisfied. When a trigger condition is satisfied, the enforcement server may automatically perform an action to enforce the smart contract and/or update the distributed ledger.

Abstract: A vehicle warning light monitoring assembly includes a monitoring circuit that is integrated into an electrical system of a vehicle. The monitoring circuit is in electrical communication with each of a plurality of exterior lights on the vehicle. A display is integrated into a dashboard of the vehicle to display the name of one of the exterior lights on the vehicle that has malfunctioned. A communication unit is pluggable into a data port in a vehicle to receive operational data pertaining to the exterior lights of the vehicle. The communication unit displays exactly which exterior light on the vehicle has malfunctioned. Additionally, the communication unit is wireless communication with a personal electronic device for communicating the operational data to the personal electronic device.

Abstract: A control system of a BBW device may include brake-by-wire (BBW) devices provided to each of wheels of a vehicle to perform a braking control or a suspension control of the vehicle, sensors configured for detecting an operating state of each of the BBW devices, and controllers connected to each of the BBW devices to control a corresponding BBW device among the BBW devices, in which the controllers are configured to determine whether the sensors fail according to data received from the sensors, and when determining that any a sensor among the sensors fails, the controllers turn off any a BBW device of the BBW devices which is a target detected by the failed sensor, and perform the braking control or the suspension control of the BBW devices based on a traveling state of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method includes receiving fault code data identifying one or more fault conditions detected onboard an aircraft and receiving fault context data indicating one or more conditions of the aircraft in a timeframe associated with the condition(s). The method also includes generating (based on the fault code data, the fault context data, state data indicating a current state of the aircraft, and historical maintenance data) a first checklist display including a first set of incomplete checklist items. The method further includes receiving input indicating completion of one or more checklist items of the first set of incomplete checklist items and updating the state data based on the input. The method also includes generating (based on the fault code data, the fault context data, the updated state data, and historical maintenance data) a second checklist display including a second set of incomplete checklist items.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting an attention level of a driver are provided. The apparatus includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor that measures ECG of a driver and a controller that calculates a standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN) quantifying an attention level of the driver using the ECG measured by the ECG sensor and detects the attention level of the driver based on the calculated SDNN.

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to an in-vehicle feedback system, and more particularly, to an in-vehicle device with a display or graphical interface that collects driving data and provides feedback based on the driving data. The system may comprise an in-vehicle device that includes a graphical user interface and a processor and a data collection device wirelessly connected to the in-vehicle device. The in-vehicle device may be configured to receive vehicle telematics data from the data collection device and the processor may process the telematics data in real time and cause the telematics data to be displayed on the graphical user interface. The graphical user interface may include a speed display and an acceleration display.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to an autonomous vehicle that may detected other nearby vehicles and identify them as parked or unparked. This identification may be based on visual indicia displayed by the detected vehicles as well as traffic control factors relating to the detected vehicles. Detected vehicles that are in a known parking spot may automatically be identified as parked. In addition, detected vehicles that satisfy conditions that are indications of being parked may also be identified as parked. The autonomous vehicle may then base its control strategy on whether or not a vehicle has been identified as parked or not.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an architecture for deploying non-terrestrial cellular network base stations, so as to enable cellular network coverage in remote areas, where no fixed infrastructure is available. The proposed methods allow for efficient power management at the terminal devices that need to synchronize to the airborne or spaceborne cellular base stations. This is particularly important for IoT devices, which have inherently limited power are computing resources.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an architecture for deploying non-terrestrial cellular network base stations, so as to enable cellular network coverage in remote areas, where no fixed infrastructure is available. The proposed methods allow for efficient power management at the terminal devices that need to synchronize to the airborne or spaceborne cellular base stations. This is particularly important for IoT devices, which have inherently limited power are computing resources.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of updating an auto insurance policy is provided. The method may include (1) determining that a customer's mobile device has a Telematics Application (“App”) installed on it, the Telematics App configured to (i) receive telematics data associated with another vehicle via a wireless communication broadcast; (ii) determine a travel event from analysis of the telematics data received, and (iii) generate a corrective action based upon the telematics data received or travel event determined that alleviates the risk of vehicle collision. The method may also include (2) monitoring, with the customer's permission, an amount or percentage of usage of the Telematics App on the customer's mobile device while the customer is driving in an insured vehicle; and (3) adjusting an insurance policy premium or discount based upon usage of the Telematics App to facilitate rewarding risk-averse drivers and encourage usage of risk mitigation or prevention technology.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods, systems, and vehicles are provided controlling a vehicle. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes: monitoring an eye gaze of a driver of the vehicle; monitoring current traffic conditions surrounding the vehicle; predicting an intention of the driver to perform a lane change maneuver based on the eye gaze, a history of the eye gaze of the driver, and the current traffic conditions; and controlling, by the processor, the vehicle based on the predicted intention of the driver to perform a lane change maneuver.

Abstract: Vehicle fuel volume consumption estimation and accuracy analysis systems and methods are provided herein. An example method includes determining a fuel level percentage estimate or a fuel volume estimate for a vehicle at a first point in time and a second point in time for a trip, the fuel level percentage estimate or the fuel volume estimate being determined using a fuel tank model of a fuel tank of a vehicle, determining connected vehicle data that includes a determination of accumulated fuel consumed during the trip, and determining an accuracy of fuel tank model using the fuel level percentage estimate or the fuel volume estimate calculated at the first point in time and the second point in time, as well as the accumulated fuel consumed during the trip.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computing system for operating an autonomous vehicle; monitoring the operation of a plurality of computing devices within the autonomous vehicle; and in response to detecting the failure of one or more of the plurality of computing devices, switching the autonomous vehicle from a nominal autonomous operational mode to a degraded autonomous operational mode.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a battery that is mounted as a power source in the vehicle and an instrument panel that displays, to a user of the vehicle, an index (a capacity retention ratio Q or an electric vehicle (EV) travelable distance) indicating a larger value as deterioration of the battery progresses less. The instrument panel displays a maximum value of the index until a predetermined condition has been satisfied.

Abstract: The present disclosure described herein, in general, relates to a system 500 for controlling headlamps of a vehicle. The system 500 may comprise a signal processing unit 509, a relay circuit 401, a switch 302 and a user device 407. The user device 407 comprises a GPS tracker 408-A, an output unit 409, a processor 408-B and a memory 408-C. The system comprises comparing one or more parameters with the predefined threshold value, notifying information based upon the one or more parameters, instructing the user to change the status of the headlamp using the switch 302 based upon the comparison of the one or more parameters with the predefined threshold value and controlling the status of the headlamps upon receiving command by the user based upon the instructions or automatically operating the relay circuit 401 based upon the received signals.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring use, determining risk, and pricing insurance policies for a vehicle having one or more autonomous or semi-autonomous operation features are provided. According to certain aspects, a computer-implemented method for real-time determination of the status of autonomous operation features of an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle may be provided. With the customer's permission, the operation of the autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle may be monitored to obtain operating data from one or more autonomous operation features. An operating status of the autonomous features may be determined based upon the operating data. After which, a change in the operating status of the autonomous features may be identified, and a report containing information regarding the change in the operating status of the autonomous features may be generated.

Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a recognition unit configured to recognize surrounding conditions of a vehicle, a driving control unit configured to control a speed and a steering of the vehicle on the basis of a result of recognition from the recognition unit, and a reception unit configured to receive an operation of an occupant of the vehicle of selecting on which of a first path and a second path the vehicle is to travel at a branching point through which the vehicle passes. The driving control unit is configured to control the speed and the steering of the vehicle in a plurality of modes with different automation levels, to decrease the automation level at a point before the branching point, and to delay a time at which the automation level is decreased when the operation of selecting one of the first path and the second path is received by the reception unit in comparison with when the operation is not received.

Abstract: A display device for displaying at least one of outputs related to traveling of a hybrid vehicle includes a first area that indicates a first output in a first mode and indicates a second output in a second mode, a second area provided side by side with the first area and that indicates a third output in the second mode, and a third area provided in a position adjacent to the second area, and that indicates a range of the first output where a possibility that the internal combustion engine starts is high. The first area has a first display portion that changes according to the first output in the first mode and the second output in the second mode. The second area has a second display portion that changes according to the third output in the second mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for controlling a vehicle by determining a distortion in lane recognition, which calculate an error variance of the recognized lane, determine a distortion degree of the recognized lane using the error variance, and control the steering of the vehicle using the determined distortion degree.

Abstract: A method includes defining a simulated transportation network based on a map that represents a real-world physical transportation network. The simulated transportation network includes segments, and each segment includes information that describes operating characteristics for the segment. The method also includes defining simulated users and performing a simulation in which the simulated users are moved relative to the simulated transportation network. The simulated users are moved using control instructions, and the simulated users are moved based on the information that describes operating characteristics for the segment that corresponds to a respective current location for each of the simulated users. The method also includes identifying map errors based on the simulation.

Abstract: A differential cooperative active steering system for a front-axle independent-drive vehicle with electric wheels includes a steering rack which is arranged between a first steering wheel and a second steering wheel, and is able to generate lateral displacement and pull the first and second steering wheels to steer; a planetary gear mechanism, including a first input end, a second input end and an output end; a steering angle coupling motor, connected to the first input end; and an input shaft of the steering wheel, connected to the second input end. The planetary gear mechanism can realize the coupling between an input steering angle of an input shaft of the steering wheel and an input steering angle of the steering angle coupling motor. In addition, a method for controlling the differential cooperative active steering system is provided.

Abstract: A distributed control system with supplemental attitude adjustment including an aircraft control having an engaged state and a disengaged state. The system also including a plurality of flight components and a plurality of aircraft components communicatively connected to the plurality of flight components, wherein each aircraft component is configured to receive an aircraft command and generate a response command directing the flight components as a function of supplemental attitude. The supplemental attitude based at least in part on the engagement datum and generating a supplemental attitude includes choosing a position supplemental attitude if the aircraft control is disengaged and choosing a velocity supplemental attitude if the aircraft control is engaged. In generating the response command, the aircraft attitude is combined with the supplemental attitude to obtain an aggregate attitude, and the aircraft component is configured to generate the response command based on the aggregate attitude.

Abstract: A monitoring system obtains sensor data associated with operation of an engine, of a machine, that includes a first engine bank with a first set of fuel injectors and a second engine bank with a second set of fuel injectors. The monitoring system determines, based on the sensor data, a first temperature value that is representative of temperature differences between the first engine bank and the second engine bank for a period of time when the engine operated in a particular operation state, and a second temperature value that is representative of temperature differences between the first engine bank and the second engine bank for one or more prior periods of time when the engine operated in the particular operation state. The monitoring system determines, based on the first temperature value and the second temperature value, that a fuel injector malfunction condition occurred during the period of time.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for early detection of objects by a perception system of a vehicle, and triggering a precautionary action by the vehicle in response without waiting for a more precise detection. The vehicle has a multi-level sensor range, wherein a first level of the sensor range is adjacent an outer bounds of the sensor range and has a first confidence value, and a second level of the sensor range is within the first range and has a second higher confidence value. In situations when oncoming traffic is traveling at a high rate of speed, the vehicle responds to noisier detections, or objects perceived with a lower degree of confidence, rather than waiting for verification which may come too late.

Abstract: A driver assessment system includes at least one vehicle sensor on a vehicle gathering vehicle dynamics information. At least one occupant sensor gathers driver information. The at least one occupant sensor may be a wearable device or subdermal device on the driver. At least one computer receives the vehicle dynamics information and the driver information to determine a driver readiness.

Abstract: Provided is an early warning method of trapping in a vehicle. The early warning method includes: a current bearing value of a seat is stored as an initial value when unlocking of a vehicle door is detected, a weight difference is obtained by performing a subtraction operation between the current bearing value of the seat and the initial value when locking of the vehicle door is detected, and a trapping alarm signal is given when the weight difference is greater than or equal to a preset first weight threshold. An early warning device of trapping in a vehicle and a computer readable storage medium are further provided. With the adoption of the embodiment of the present disclosure, a false alarm as a result of the article fixed on the seat of the vehicle in the conventional art may be effectively solved, and an early warning for the child or the pet staying in the vehicle may be effectively implemented at the same time.

Abstract: A vehicle configured for determining an emotion state of a user, and adjusting a speed change of the vehicle that exerts an influence on the drive ability on the basis of the determined emotion state, and a method of controlling the same, may include a sensing unit configured to measure an acceleration of a vehicle and a bio-signal of a user; and a control unit connected to the sensing unit and configured to determine emotion state information indicating an emotion state of the user on the basis of the measured bio-signal when the measured acceleration is greater than or equal to a threshold acceleration, and on the basis of the emotion state information and correlation information indicating a relationship between the emotion state information and a drive ability factor related to a drive ability according to a speed change of the vehicle, update a setting value of the drive ability factor.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for determining a primary movement window from a vehicle trip is presented. A client computing device may be placed in a vehicle, be free to move with respect to movement of the vehicle, and include an accelerometer. A computer network may receive a plurality of telematics data originating from the client computing device. One or more processors may summarize the plurality of telematics data at a specified sample rate, convert the plurality of telematics data from a time domain to a spectral domain, select one or more data points from the converted telematics data, and determine that a total spectral power of the selected data points meets a threshold value. The one or more processors may identify a first primary movement window including the selected data points if the total spectral power of the selected data points does not meet the threshold value.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring a driving event, a server device receiving first event data from a first motor vehicle, which first event data signal the driving event identified by a first detection apparatus of the first motor vehicle. The method further provides that the server device generates configuration data on a basis of the first event data in order to configure a second detection apparatus of a second motor vehicle that is different from the first detection apparatus of the first motor vehicle and sends the configuration data to the second motor vehicle in order to generate second event data that describe the driving event.

Abstract: A control apparatus is used with a vehicle including an engine, a storage battery, and an electrical load. The control apparatus works as an automatic engine stop and restart system and calculates a SOC lower limit that is a minimum value of state of charge (SOC) of the battery required to continue to stop the engine in an idle stop mode. The control apparatus also calculates an amount of electric power expected to be consumed by the electrical load during the idle stop mode and determines an idle stop enable SOC at which the idle stop mode is entered and which is selected to be the sum of the SOC lower limit and a SOC of the battery which at least compensates for the consumed amount of electric power. This ensures chances to stop the engine in the idle stop mode and improves fuel economy.

Abstract: A wearable camera includes a video recording device that records a captured video of a subject on the front side of a user on a recorder, a sensor that acquires information regarding motion of the user, a determiner that determines whether or not at least one default event has occurred on the basis of information regarding motion of the user acquired by the sensor during recording of the captured video of the subject, and a controller that generates event list information in which a detection time point of the default event is correlated with information regarding the default event according to determination that the at least one default event has occurred during recording of the captured video of the subject, and records the event list information on the recorder in correlation with the captured video of the subject.

Abstract: A server informs a vehicle of chargers, the vehicle being mounted with a battery. The vehicle includes a fatigue detection device configured to detect a fatigue level of the driver. A server includes a communication device configured to receive information indicative of the fatigue level of the driver from the vehicle, and a processor configured to extract at least one charger from among multiple chargers installed within an access range of the vehicle if the driver's fatigue level is above a given reference value, and inform the vehicle of the extracted charger, the access range being determined by power stored in the battery and the current location of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method of operation of a vehicle system comprising: determining an activity level of a vehicle bus; determining a running level for the activity level for a running period; detecting an off level for the activity level dropping from the running level; generating a true off state for an engine based on an off level; and calculating vehicle usage based on the true off state.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a safety strategy in a vehicle is provided. The apparatus includes a sensor configured to obtain information about a driver of the vehicle, an output device configured to output a notification to the driver, and a control circuit configured to be electrically connected with the sensor and the output device. The control circuit is configured to recognize a state of the driver based on the information obtained by the sensor, set a route toward a safety zone, when the state of the driver meets a specified condition, and control the vehicle to change a lane where the vehicle is traveling to a lane adjacent to the safety zone.

Abstract: System and method for training a machine learning model are disclosed. In one embodiment, for each of the driving scenarios, responsive to sensor data from one or more sensors of a vehicle and the driving scenario, driving statistics and environment data of the vehicle are collected while the vehicle is driven by a human driver in accordance with the driving scenario. Upon completion of the driving scenario, the driver is requested to select a label for the completed driving scenario and the selected label is stored responsive to the driver selection. Features are extracted from the driving statistics and the environment data based on predetermined criteria. The extracted features include some of the driving statistics and some of the environment data collected at the different points in time during the driving scenario.

Abstract: A driver condition estimating device includes circuitry configured to measure movement of the head of a driver output from a driver camera that photographs the driver and detect a sign of abnormality of the driver from the movement of the head. The circuitry determines existence of the sign of abnormality of the driver by calculating a periodic feature amount from time series data showing movement of the head of the driver, calculating coherence between the movement of the head of the driver and lateral acceleration acting on the head of the driver, calculating time series variation patterns from the obtained periodic feature amount and the obtained coherence, and comparing the obtained time series variation patterns with a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A system for a concrete mixer having a drum receiving fresh concrete therein. The system generally has: a sensor measuring a set of measurand values indicative of a measurand associated with at least one of the fresh concrete, the drum and components of the concrete mixer; and a controller communicatively coupled to the sensor, the controller performing the steps of: accessing the set of measurand values generated by the sensor; using a trained data processing engine stored on the non-transitory memory, at least one of determining a property value indicative of a property of the fresh concrete, determining a parameter value indicative of a parameter of the drum, and determining that the set of measurand values are indicative of some operating conditions of the concrete mixer; and outputting a signal based on said determining.

Abstract: The present invention provides an information sharing system for a vehicle. The information sharing system includes at least one first Internet of Things (IoT) device, for gathering information about the vehicle or a driver of the vehicle; and a second IoT device, for sharing the information; wherein the information comprises at least one of traffic-related information of the vehicle and emotion-related information of the driver.

Abstract: An information supply device includes an acquirer configured to acquire information regarding a degree of deterioration of a secondary battery for supplying travel power of a vehicle, a deriver configured to derive performance of the secondary battery based on the information acquired by the acquirer, and a display controller configured to cause a display to display an image indicating information regarding performance of the secondary battery, the performance indicated by the image being lower than the performance derived by the deriver.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle seat that detects an alertness level of the driver, urges the driver to be alert, and permits the transition from autonomous driving to manual driving when the driver is alert enough for the manual driving.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assisting a driver of a host vehicle in the event of a road departure. Collecting a set of drive parameter values, wherein each drive parameter is indicative of a present driving condition parameter for the vehicle. Calculating a collective road departure value based on the set of drive parameter values. When the road departure value exceeds a road departure threshold value, adapt at least one of the speed of the vehicle or the steering torque applied by the steering control system to the steerable wheels of the vehicle, until the road departure value is below the road departure threshold value.

Abstract: An authentication system includes a plurality of vehicle components each having a characteristic; a plurality of sensors, each associated with a different one of a plurality of vehicle components, each of the plurality of sensors configured to generate sensor data representative of the characteristic of a corresponding vehicle component associated therewith; and at least one processor configured to receive the sensor data from the plurality of sensors, generate a plurality of component signatures based on the received sensor data, combine the plurality of component signatures into a multi-component fingerprint, store the multi-component fingerprint in a secure element, and authenticate the first and the second vehicle component based on the multi-component fingerprint stored in the secure element, where each of the plurality of component signatures is unique to a different one of the plurality of vehicle components, and the multi-component fingerprint is unique to the plurality of vehicle components.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an automated vehicle, including: determining a position of the automated vehicle, detecting at least one surroundings feature in the surroundings of the automated vehicle, reading in a planning map depending on the position of the automated vehicle, the planning map being configured for determining a first driving function for operating the automated vehicle, determining a validity of the planning map depending on the position of the automated vehicle depending on the at least one surroundings feature, and operating the automated vehicle depending on the validity of the planning map.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: detect an environment around a vehicle which is driven by a driver; generate a hazard list of an object to be a hazard based on the detected environment; detect a gaze of the driver; evaluate a risk regarding driving of the driver for each object included in the hazard list based on a frequency at which the object included in the hazard list is included in a field of view of the driver based on the detected gaze; and output drive assist information corresponding to the object with the evaluated risk that is equal to or larger than a threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring a vehicle camera system. The vehicle camera system includes at least one camera to capture images of a field of view at a side of the vehicle and a display unit for visualizing the captured images to a driver of the vehicle. The apparatus includes a control unit adapted to control the display unit to display a graphical indicator, the displayed graphical indicator changes sequentially in a default way to allow the driver to visually detect a malfunctioning of the vehicle camera system based on a deviation from the default way of the sequentially changing graphical indicator.