Abstract: A semiconductor module has: an integrated circuit, which includes at least one oscillator for generating a radar signal; a rewiring layer for the external connection of the integrated circuit; and at least two antenna structures integrated into the semiconductor module for transmitting and/or receiving radar signals, at least one of the at least two antenna structures being connected to the integrated circuit, and at least one first one of the antenna structures being embedded in a housing material of the semiconductor module outside a height region of the rewiring layer.

Abstract: A radar level gauge system for determining a filling level in a tank. The radar level gauge system comprises a transceiver, a horn antenna having a first opening connected to the transceiver and a second opening facing a surface of the product in the tank, and processing circuitry connected to the transceiver for determining the filling level based on an electromagnetic surface reflection signal. The horn antenna is configured in such a way that an electrical distance from the first opening to the second opening, along a path defined by an intersection between a wall of the horn antenna and a half-plane starting from and extending in parallel with a cone axis of the horn antenna, is different for different orientations of the half-plane with respect to the cone axis. Hereby, disturbance from an antenna reflection signal can be reduced, which provides for improved measurement of high filling levels.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a slot antenna, which includes a tubular electromagnetic wave radiation part having a hollow space, a plurality of electromagnetic wave radiating slots for radiating electromagnetic waves being formed in at least a part of a side surface of the radiation part and a plurality of feeding slots for being inputted with the electromagnetic waves being arrayed in line in another part of the side surface opposing to the radiating slots, a feeding part having a hollow space, extending along the feeding slot array, and for feeding power from the outside of the radiation part to the feeding slots, and a power guiding part having a hollow space and for guiding the power to the feeding part, the power guiding part extending in a direction orthogonal to the array direction of the feeding slots and in parallel to the center axis of the radiation part, from a location of the feeding part corresponding to at least one of the feeding slots.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to a system (10) and a method for tracking one or more targets by a radar using a multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) algorithm, the method including operating the radar to transmit a radar beam from a first location toward the one or more targets, operating the radar to receive a plurality of return signals at the first location from the one or more targets, and to generate a plurality of observations for a single radar dwell respectively corresponding to the plurality of return signals, and processing the plurality of observations in accordance with the MHT algorithm for at least two passes such that more than one of the plurality of observations are associated with a single track of the one or more targets.

Abstract: An electromagnetic signal detector that interfaces with a mobile communication device that includes a communication element. The communication element transmits data between the electromagnetic signal detector and the mobile communication device via a first communication standard. A user interface of the mobile communication device communicates the data to a user of the electromagnetic signal detector. The mobile communication device communicates with a communication network via a second communication standard. The first communication standard differs from the second communication standard.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a target tracking apparatus calculates N-dimensional predicted values from a respective stored (N+1)-dimensional tracks for each of the targets, determines whether or not the N-dimensional predicted value for each of the targets is correlated with the received N-dimensional angle observed value for the target, if the N-dimensional predicted value is not correlated, generates a new (N+1)-dimensional track for the target based on the N-dimensional track corresponding to the N-dimensional angle observed value and if the N-dimensional predicted value is correlated, updates and stores the (N+1)-dimensional track using the N-dimensional angle observed value.

Abstract: A guided wave radar transmitter for interface measurement comprises a probe defining a transmission line for sensing level of two immiscible liquids to define an interface therebetween. A pulse circuit generates pulses on the transmission line and receives a reflected signal from the transmission line. The reflected signal selectively includes a level pulse representing material level and an interface pulse representing interface level. A controller operates in an interface mode to determine the material level and the interface level responsive to receiving the level pulse and the interface pulse. The controller operates in a medium identification mode responsive to not receiving the interface pulse, comprising calculating an estimated amplitude of the level pulse for the two immiscible liquids and comparing actual amplitude of the level pulse to the estimated amplitude of the level pulse to identify the medium in the vessel.

Abstract: A motor vehicle includes a vehicle floor, a tilt sensor attached to the vehicle floor and having an output, and a forward looking radar module attached to the vehicle. The radar module includes a radar, an accelerometer; and an output from the accelerometer, and a controller that averages the tilt sensor output and the accelerometer output and determines a difference between the output averages, the controller reporting when the differences changes more than a predetermined amount. A method of calibrating the forward looking radar module, when attached to a vehicle, comprises placing the vehicle on a flat surface to determine the accelerometer pitch.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vehicle radar. The radar may include Tx antennas for a middle range, Tx antennas for a short range, Rx antenna columns for a middle range each configured to have a long shape vertically and be horizontally disposed, Rx antenna columns for a short range each configured to have a long shape vertically and be disposed between some of the Rx antenna columns for a middle range, and a control unit configured to process signals of radio waves that are reflected from a specific object after the radio waves are radiated by the Tx antennas for the middle range and that are received by the Rx antenna columns for the middle range or signals of radio waves that are reflected from a specific object after the radio waves are radiated by the Tx antennas for the short range and that are received by the Rx antenna columns for the short range.

Abstract: An altimetry system for a satellite, including an altimeter transmitting and receiving signals on at least one first frequency band; a radiometer receiving signals on at least one second frequency band, the altimeter and the radiometer being connected to one and the same antenna; reception means common to the altimeter and to the radiometer, and capable of amplifying and filtering the signals received from the antenna on a frequency band including the first frequency band and the second frequency band; means for separating the signals on the first frequency band from the signals on the second frequency band; the signals on the first frequency band being exploited to estimate an altimetric distance of the satellite, and radiometric measurements being exploited in order to correct the estimate.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a metal base; a wiring board disposed on the metal base, the wiring board having an opening and including interconnects; a metal stage dispose in the opening, the metal stage serving as a ground line; and a semiconductor device disposed on the metal stage, wherein an area of an end surface of the metal stage facing the metal base is larger than that of the metal stage facing the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) based navigation system including a TCAS equipped with a directional antenna, the TCAS configured to generate a RF transmission pattern at a selected frequency, the transmission pattern including a plurality of directional beams, receive a plurality of RF signals reflected from the ground across a selected frequency band, the selected frequency band including the selected frequency, and measure frequency differences between one or more beams of the plurality of RF beams and one or more beams of the plurality of RF signals reflected from the ground, and a computing systems in communication with the TCAS, the computing system configured to calculate a ground speed of the aircraft utilizing the measured frequency differences, calculate a drift angle of the aircraft utilizing the measured plurality of frequency differences, receive a heading reference of the aircraft, and determine an aircraft navigation parameter of the aircraft.

Abstract: One aspect relates to determining a position of at least one positional display element that can be used to display at least an image portion; and displaying the at least the image portion with the at least one positional display element based at least in part on the determining the position of the at least one positional display element. Another aspect relates to determining a position of at least one positional display element, in which the position can be used to affect a visual presentation.

Abstract: A bistatic radar measurement system is provided having a radar source configured to produce a radio frequency signal. A transmitting antenna is configured to transmit the radio frequency signal toward a target. A receiving antenna is configured to receive a reflected radio frequency signal from the target. A support system is configured to support the receiving antenna. The support system includes a plurality of low scattering dielectric strings configured to orient the receiving antenna.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for phase shifting a radio frequency signal, wherein the integrated circuit comprises at least one phase shifter comprising: at least one input for receiving a radio frequency signal, a voltage variable element; and a plurality of active devices operably coupled to the voltage variable element and arranged to receive a variable control voltage. The plurality of active devices comprise at least two active devices coupled in a common base arrangement and arranged to receive the radio frequency signal with the voltage variable element coupling the emitter contacts or source contacts of the at least two active devices, such that a variable control voltage applied to the voltage variable element adjusts a phase of the radio frequency signal.

Abstract: A homodyne radar system includes an oscillator, an antenna, a low noise amplifier, a mixing subsystem and a directional coupler. The oscillator is configured to generate a transmit signal and a local oscillator signal. The antenna is configured to transmit the transmit signal and to receive a receive signal. The low noise amplifier is configured to amplify the receive signal. The mixing subsystem is configured to receive and mix the transmit signal and the receive signal to produce an output signal. The directional coupler is coupled to the antenna, the oscillator, the low noise amplifier and the mixing subsystem. The directional coupler is connected and configured to provide a low-loss transmission path from the antenna to the low noise amplifier and a high loss transmission path from the oscillator to the antenna.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus that can set the magnification factor according to the distance from the antenna is provided so that the display of objects close to the antenna is easier to see and with which the changes in the settings of the magnification factor is easy. The buffer memory stores the digital signals converted by the A/D converter in association with the distance and azimuth with respect to the antenna. The digital filter filters the digital signals read from the buffer memory. A digital filter is provided that converts a value of data of interest, of digital data stored in the memory, to a value based on values of the data of interest to be processed and peripheral data in a periphery of the data of interest, and the digital filter changes a range of the peripheral data used for a filter processing according to the distance from the antenna to the data of interest.

Abstract: A signal generator of an embodiment has an oscillator to generate an oscillation signal controlled in frequency by an analog control signal; a digital phase detector; a first differentiator; and a comparator outputting digital frequency error information. The generator includes a second differentiator differentiating the frequency setting code to generate a gain value and an inverse number of the gain value; a first multiplier multiplying the digital frequency error information by the gain value, a low-pass filter removing a high frequency component in a multiplication result, and a second multiplier multiplying an output of the low-pass filter by the inverse number. The generator includes a D/A converter converting a multiplication result into analog frequency error information, and an integrator converting the analog frequency error information into analog phase error information to output the analog phase error information as the analog control signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for synthetic imaging of an object is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of transmitter elements spaced apart by a first distance in a first column and a plurality of receiver elements spaced apart by a second distance in a second column. The first distance and the second distance are different. The plurality of transmitter elements is a non-integer multiple of the plurality of receiver elements, and the plurality of receiver elements is a non-integer multiple of the plurality of transmitter elements.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method includes producing a baseband variable frequency signal and producing a substantially fixed frequency signal by phase-locking an oscillator to a substantially fixed reference frequency. The method further includes upconverting the baseband variable frequency signal by mixing the variable frequency signal with the substantially fixed frequency signal to produce an RF variable frequency signal.

Abstract: A two-channel directional antenna for use in a radar level gauge. The antenna comprises a partition wall dividing the antenna into a first partition for emitting an electromagnetic transmit signal, and a second partition for receiving an electromagnetic echo signal, the partition wall having an outer potion located downstream in a direction of radiation of the antenna. The partition wall comprises an electromagnetic de-coupling structure, which is arranged to reduce any leakage of electromagnetic energy from the transmit signal into the echo signal. The electromagnetic de-coupling structure according to the present invention ensures that the leakage of transmit signal into the received signal is reduced to a satisfactory level.

Abstract: A radar sensor includes: an oscillator for generating a transmission signal; a mixer for generating an intermediate-frequency signal by mixing a part of the transmission signal with a received signal; and an offset-compensation unit for generating an oscillating compensation signal, which is sent to the mixer in addition to the aforementioned part of the transmission signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of pulse compression in signal processing, and more particularly, to systems and methods for the synthesis of waveforms for suppressing sidelobes and sidebands using a combination of time and spectral control. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a set of waveform symbols which can be used to maximize use of disaggregated grey-space spectrum, adapt to changing spectral condition, and maintain or enhance data rates relative to standard binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) under normal conditions.

Abstract: A radar system, a medical diagnostic or therapeutic device and a method are disclosed for operating a radar system. An embodiment of the radar system includes an antenna arrangement embodied to be flat including individually actuatable transmit units for the transmission of radar signals and individually readable receive units for the receipt of radar signals. The transmit units and the receive units each include at least one antenna. Because the transmit units can be individually actuated and the receive units can be individually read out, the information content which can be obtained even without a strong spatial orientation of the radar beam, is increased. According to an embodiment of the invention, the radar system is designed to assign a radar signal received by a receive unit to the transmit unit which transmitted the radar signal received.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for radar applications having a printed board and semiconductor modules mounted on it, each of the semiconductor modules including an integrated circuit, a rewiring layer for connecting the integrated circuit to the printed board and at least one antenna element integrated into the semiconductor module and connected to the integrated circuit for transmitting and/or receiving radar signals, the integrated circuit including at least one HF oscillator and a frequency splitter connected to the HF oscillator, the circuit configuration including phase-locked loops for controlling the HF oscillators, each of the phase-locked loops having the frequency splitter and a phase detector for comparing a split-frequency signal of the HF oscillator with a reference signal, and the reference signals may be fed to the phase-locked loops via the printed board.

Abstract: An electromagnetic body scanning system may include a measuring system for measuring data of radio waves scattered by a body in two distinct subbands; and a computer system. The computer system is arranged for constructing a first image of the body using the measured data, generating synthetic scattered data of the body in a frequency range outside the subbands, and constructing a second image of the body using both the measured data and the synthetic data. The step of constructing a first image includes matching an image to a human model.

Abstract: A radiation type oscillator including a radiation type oscillator substrate including a microwave transistor for generating negative resistance by short-duration operation and a resonant cavity structure; a high-frequency pulse signal of an oscillation frequency/frequency bandwidth determined by negative resistance produced by the short-duration operation of the microwave transistor and the resonant cavity structure is generated as a transmitted RF signal and simultaneously radiated into space. The radiation type oscillator performs oscillating operation when a received RF signal that is a reflected wave of the transmitted RF signal from an object of detection enters the radiation type oscillator, an IF signal is acquired from an IF signal output terminal owing to homodyne mixing by the radiation type oscillator itself, and this is analyzed and processed to detect the object of detection.

Abstract: A waveguide structure according to one embodiment includes an upper waveguide and a mode conversion portion. The upper waveguide internally transmits a high frequency signal in TE10 mode along a first direction. The mode conversion portion is configured to electromagnetically couple with the upper waveguide. The mode conversion portion converts the high frequency signal propagating through the upper waveguide from TE10 mode to TM11 mode. The mode conversion portion transmits the high frequency signal converted in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. According to the waveguide structure pursuant to the embodiment, it is possible to attain excellent transmission characteristics of high frequency signals.

Abstract: FMCW radar sensor for motor vehicles, having at least one antenna element and a modulation device for feeding the antenna element using a frequency-modulated transmission signal, whose frequency periodically sweeps a frequency band, characterized in that the antenna element has multiple subelements, which are positioned in a vertical column and fed serially, and the modulation device is implemented for the purpose of variably setting the frequency position of the frequency band.

Abstract: Systems and methods for receiving ADS-B messages in environments where multipath propagation corrupts the messages or blocks the reception of the messages. An exemplary system combines RF signal processing and digital signal processing techniques to make it possible to receive ADS-B messages in the presence of multipath reflections from nearby structures and/or farther out structures. The system uses an array of horizontally spaced antennas. The RF signals from the antennas are combined by the receiver so as to form a set of beams with different azimuth antenna patterns to increase the probability that the multipath does not combine destructively with the line-of-sight path in at least one of the beams. This effectively removes multipath reflections where the delay of the multipath relative to the line-of-sight path is less than 100-200 nanoseconds. The system is also configured to remove multipath reflections with greater delays relative to the line-of-sight path.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radar apparatus and an antenna apparatus. In particular, disclosed are a radar apparatus and an antenna apparatus including an antenna structure capable of suppressing a grating lobe while enhancing resolution.

Abstract: A system and method for discrimination and identification of a target including: receiving a radar return signal including target information and clutter information; determining a two-fold forward or forward-backward data matrix from the received signal, using a multi-dimensional folding (MDF) process; computing singular values of the two-fold forward or forward-backward data matrix; using the computed singular values to determine a noise power level of the radar return signal; determining the number of scatterers in the radar return signal according to a predetermined threshold value above the noise power; estimating complex Doppler and azimuth frequencies of each scatterer from the determined number of scatterers using the MDF process; determining dispersive scatterers and non-dispersive scatterers using the estimated Doppler and azimuth complex frequencies of each scatterer; and distinguishing the target information from the clutter information, according to the determined dispersive scatterers and non-di

Abstract: This invention relates to sense through the wall radar. A main channel of a radar system (12) is operated at a frequency capable of penetrating opaque barriers such as the wall (24) of a building (22) to sense targets (16) therein. The main channel performance may be impaired by multipath interference, i.e., radar returns resulting from targets (20) outside the building (22) illuminated by reflection from the wall (24). A guard channel of the radar, operating at a higher frequency which does not penetrate the wall (24), is used to identify targets (20) outside the building (22) and suppress the multipath interference they produce in the main channel.

Abstract: A presence detector unit (PDU) of the type relying on microwave radiation provides a signal indicating movement within a defined space when such movement occurs. A source of microwave radiation within a housing projects a beam of microwave radiation directed through a side of the housing to suffuse at least a portion of the defined space. A detector within the housing senses changes in microwave radiation reflected back toward the detector. An adjustable beam occlusion structure is supported by the housing and blocks a portion of the microwave radiation emanating from the source and through the side of the housing.

Abstract: A method for searching a radar acquisition volume after rotating the radar acquisition volume is disclosed. The method may comprise identifying an acquisition face of the acquisition volume and partitioning the acquisition face so that each partitioned portion of the acquisition face can be searched within a predetermined time period. The partitioning step may comprise determining the maximum number of beams that can be searched in a predetermined period of time and iteratively repositioning an elevation line on the acquisition face to identify the highest elevation line for which the number of radar beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams. The partitioning step may also comprise defining a beam lattice for the acquisition face and determining a maximum elevation line based on the beam lattice. The area of the acquisition face bounded by the highest or maximum elevation line defines the partitioned portion.

Abstract: In a method of determining a deviation of a path of a projectile from a predetermined path, the method uses an image of a target area in which the desired path or direction is pointed out. Subsequently, the real direction or real path is determined and the deviation is determined.

Abstract: A method for detecting a target in a non-homogeneous environment using a space-time adaptive processing of a radar signal includes normalizing training data of the non-homogeneous environment to produce normalized training data; determining a normalized sample covariance matrix representing the normalized training data; tracking a subspace represented by the normalized sample covariance matrix to produce a clutter subspace matrix; determining a test statistic representing a likelihood of a presence of the target in the radar signal based on the clutter subspace matrix and a steering vector; and comparing the test statistic with a threshold to detect the target.

Abstract: A pulse radar apparatus is disclosed. The pulse radar apparatus includes a pulse generation unit, a receiver unit, a synchronization unit, and a switch unit. The pulse generation unit generates a pulse based on a transmission trigger signal having a transmission pulse repetition period, and sends the pulse to a target via a transmission antenna. The synchronization unit generates the transmission trigger signal using an external reference clock, provides the transmission trigger signal to the pulse generation unit, and generates a plurality of clock signals having a time delay with respect to the transmission pulse trigger signal using the external reference clock. The switch unit selects any one clock signal from the plurality of clock signals in response to an external selection signal, and provides the selected clock signal to a receiver unit which utilizes a sampler with provided sampling clocks.

Abstract: A radar device is provided, which includes an extractor configured to extract a representative point of a target from a radar echo, a representative point memory configured to store the representative points extracted by the extractor, for a plurality of scans, an estimator configured to estimate movement information on the target indicated by the representative points based on the information stored in the representative point memory, a determinator configured to determine a possibility of a collision based on the movement information on the target estimated by the estimator, and an acquisition-and-tracking module configured to acquire and track the target determined to have the possibility of a collision by the determinator.

Abstract: A aircraft hazard warning system or method can be utilized to determine a location of a turbulence hazard for an aircraft. The aircraft hazard warning system can utilize processing electronics coupled to an antenna. The processing electronics can determine an inferred presence of turbulence in response to lightning sensor data, radar reflectivity data, turbulence data, geographic location data, vertical structure analysis data, and/or temperature data. The system can include a display for showing the turbulence hazard and its location.

Abstract: A radar device for transmitting and receiving a signal in a frequency band for target detection.

Abstract: A method for detecting an object, comprising the steps of defining expected characteristics of scattered electromagnetic radiation to be received at a receiver; attenuating at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation received at the receiver by a presence of an object within a path of electromagnetic information; and detecting the attenuation to indicate a presence of the object. The object may be a low radar profile object, such as a stealth aircraft. The electromagnetic radiation is preferably microwave, but may also be radio frequency or infrared. By using triangulation and other geometric techniques, distance and position of the object may be computed.

Abstract: A system and method for pseudo real time collection of receive signal data in a single- or multi-channel ground penetrating radar. Each channel transmits electromagnetic impulses into a medium under test during each of a plurality of runs over the medium. Run receive signals are received in response to the transmitted impulses. Each run receive signal is sampled multiple times at a run sample rate. The sample points of each run are delayed by delay sequences with respect to the sample points of the other runs. The sample points of the individual runs are stored as a composite set of sample points representative of a receive signal sampled at an effective sample rate equal to a multiple of the run sample rate where the multiple is the number of runs.

Abstract: One or more computers are configured to determine a human stress condition corresponding to one or more physical or physiological parameters extracted from one or more micro-impulse radar (MIR) signals.

Abstract: A personal electronic device is configured to provide enhanced user awareness of the environment responsive to data from a micro-impulse radar (MIR).

Abstract: Method for detecting wheels of a vehicle that is traveling on a roadway in a travel direction and the wheels of which are at least partially exposed laterally. The method including: emitting an electromagnetic measurement beam lobe with a known temporal progression of frequency from the side of the roadway onto an area of the roadway and at a slant with respect to the travel direction, receiving the measurement beam lobe reflected by a passing vehicle and recording the temporal progression, relative to the known progression, of all of its frequencies, and during the passage of a vehicle, detecting a frequency spread appearing in the recorded progression and exceeding a predetermined spread magnitude, as a wheel.

Abstract: A normalization processing circuit normalizes a position of a complex demodulation signal on a complex plane from an A/D converter, and outputs a normalized complex demodulation signal after the normalization to a multiple-dimensional feature extractor. The multiple-dimensional feature extractor calculates a feature quantity that changes when a person intrudes, a feature quantity that changes in wind and rain, and a feature quantity that changes when a spatially isolated intense electric field exists. A discriminator discriminates that a person has intruded based on the feature quantities of three dimensions.

Abstract: An instrument (100) is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The instrument (100) includes an interface (101) configured to receive a Doppler measurement signal and a processing system (112) coupled to the interface (101) and receiving the Doppler measurement signal. The processing system (112) is configured to generate a two-sided velocity spectrum including a plurality of discrete frequency bins from the Doppler measurement signal, with the two-sided velocity spectrum distinguishing spectral elements, and process one or more velocity spectrum bin pairs against a plurality of local gate thresholds, with the one or more velocity spectrum bin pairs being substantially symmetrically located about one or more carrier wave bins and wherein each velocity spectrum bin pair is processed against a corresponding local gate threshold of the plurality of local gate thresholds.

Abstract: A compound circuit board for a radar device includes a first substrate including a plurality of trace layers having a first trace layer formed with a digital signal processing unit and an electronic control unit in a first area, a second substrate including a plurality of trace layers having a second trace layer formed with an antenna module in a second area, and a prepreg layer between the first and second substrates for connecting the first and second substrates, wherein the first area and the second area in a first projecting result generated by projecting the first trace layer on the second trace layer are substantially overlapped.

Abstract: In a radar apparatus, a peak extractor performs frequency analysis on a beat signal to obtain a frequency spectrum for each of first and second detection modes based on the beat signal for a corresponding one of the first and second detection modes. The peak extractor extracts a plurality of first peak-signal components from the frequency spectrum obtained for the first detection mode, and a plurality of second peak-signal components from the frequency spectrum obtained for the second detection mode. A determiner compares each of the plurality of first peak-signal components with a corresponding one of the plurality of second peak-signal components to deter mine whether a noise is included in the beat signal according to a result of the comparison.