Abstract: According to an aspect, a liquid crystal display device includes a first electrode having a plurality of electrode base portions that extend in a first direction; a plurality of first comb-shaped portions that protrude from each of the plurality of electrode base portions in a second direction; and a plurality of second comb-shaped portions that protrude from each of the plurality of electrode base portions in an opposite direction to the second direction. Front edges of the first comb-shaped portions and the second comb-shaped portions that extend from the adjacent electrode base portions face each other with a gap therebetween, respectively. Transmission ineffective areas are formed at portions between the front edges facing each other, respectively, and not continuously aligned.

Abstract: First alignment is performed by forming an alignment layer that includes a photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer on a substrate and the like, introducing liquid crystal, and bringing the liquid crystal into contact with the alignment layer including the photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer. The liquid crystal is then subjected to secondary alignment by photopolymerizing the photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer including the alignment layer to form an alignment regulator in a state in which an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal to change the alignment of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first and a second substrate placed opposite each other, a first electrode provided on the first substrate extending in a first direction, a second electrode provided on the second substrate extending in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction, and a vertically-aligned liquid crystal layer provided between the two substrates. A pixel is defined where the two electrodes intersect, and alignment treatment is performed to the first or second substrate in a direction parallel to the first direction. The first electrode has a linear shape in which electrode edges on either side extend in the first direction, and the second electrode is of a polygonal line shape in which an electrode edge of one side includes a line segment which obliquely crosses the first direction, and the pixel is demarcated by pixel edges including obliquely crossing line segments.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a liquid crystal device includes: a first substrate that is a transparent substrate; a second substrate that is a transparent substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer that contains liquid crystal molecules and is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first orientation film that orients the liquid crystal molecules and is provided above a surface on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate; and a second orientation film that orients the liquid crystal molecules and is provided above a surface on the liquid crystal layer side of the second substrate. A difference in an amount of angle exists between a pre-tilt angle given by the first orientation film to liquid crystal molecules near the first orientation film and a pre-tilt angle given by the second orientation film to liquid crystal molecules near the second orientation film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing the first substrate. A first alignment layer formed on the first substrate includes a first area aligned in a first direction and a second area aligned in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and a second alignment layer formed on the second substrate includes a third area aligned in a third direction different from the first direction and a fourth area aligned in a fourth direction opposite to the third direction. Liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second alignment layers are aligned in different directions from each other in plural domains defined by the first to fourth areas. Thus, the liquid crystal display may have improved aperture ratio and transmittance.

Abstract: A display panel includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of domains, a horizontal domain boundary texture area and a vertical domain boundary texture area. The domains are disposed in a matrix shape. The horizontal domain boundary texture area extends in a first direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in a second direction and has a slope of a liquid crystal slowly (e.g., less) inclined compared to that of the domains. The vertical domain boundary texture area extends in the second direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in the first direction and has a width larger than that of the horizontal domain boundary texture area.

Abstract: An MVA mode liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric constant anisotropy held between a first substrate and a second substrate. It includes a structural body which controls an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules to form a multi-domain in each of pixels. The structural body includes a first structural body which overlaps a light-blocking wiring line, and a second structural body which is disposed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first structural body and is narrower than the first structural body.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display comprises a first substrate having a first electrode formed on one side, and a second substrate having a second electrode formed on one side and which is placed opposite to the first substrate so that the second electrode and the first electrode of the first substrate face each other. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first electrode includes a plurality of first openings provided in a regular checkered pattern with each first opening having a shape extending in a first direction. The second electrode includes a plurality of second openings provided in a regular checkered pattern with each second opening having a shape extending in the first direction. The plurality of first openings and the plurality of second openings are relatively arranged so that each of the plurality of first openings is positioned between two second openings which are adjacent in a planar view among the plurality of second openings.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an alignment layer comprises depositing an alignment material on a substrate, the alignment material including reactive mesogens and a photoinitiator, the reactive mesogen having a mesogen, flexible spacers at ends of the mesogen, and photo-reactive end groups formed at ends of the flexible spacers, applying an electric field to the alignment material in a predetermined direction, and applying UV light to the alignment material applied by the electric field applied thereto to polymerize the photo-reactive end groups with each other.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display, a pretilt value provided by an upper alignment layer or a lower alignment layer is gradually changed in one domain, such that liquid crystal molecules have various arrangements in which azimuth angles of aligned liquid crystal molecules are gradually changed.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal optical device includes first and second substrate units and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate having a first major surface, and a first electrode extending along a first direction. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate and a first opposing electrode. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate unit and the second substrate unit and includes a first portion provided on a side of the first substrate unit and a second portion provided on a side of the second substrate unit. The first portion has a vertical alignment. The second portion has a horizontal alignment. A long axis of liquid crystal molecules in the second portion aligns along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a first alignment layer disposed on the first substrate, a second substrate, a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second alignment layers and having liquid crystal molecules. At least one of the first and second alignment layers includes an initial alignment layer and a pretilting layer including a self-assembled monolayer disposed on the initial alignment layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of preparing an alignment film for the alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) or reactive mesogens (RMs), by a direct particle beam deposition process, to an alignment film obtainable by said process, to the use of said alignment film for the alignment of LCs or RMs, especially in the form of thin layers, to a multilayer comprising said alignment film and one or more LC and/or RM layers, and to the use of the alignment film and multilayer in optical, electronic and electrooptical applications.

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, a first electrode formed on one substrate, a second electrode formed on the other substrate, and liquid crystal molecules filled between the substrates. The method includes providing alignment layer material exhibiting a vertically orienting property for a selected one of the substrates, aligning a mask having permeable portions and impermeable portions over a selected substrate, irradiating the mask with ultraviolet rays in a first inclined azimuthal direction, and simultaneously irradiating the mask from a second inclined azimuthal direction which is substantially 180 degrees different from the first inclined azimuthal direction. Additionally, the azimuthal direction of the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in a first region of the substrate is substantially 180 degrees different from the azimuthal direction of the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in a second region of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel, including a unit pixel including a first substrate having a first alignment film, a second substrate having a second alignment film spaced apart from and facing the first alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film; and first and second adjacent domains, each of which includes a domain boundary region defining part of an area between the adjacent domains, and a normal-luminance region adjacent to the domain boundary region, wherein pretilt angles of liquid crystal molecules near the first alignment film in the domain boundary regions are greater than pretilt angles of liquid crystal molecules near the first alignment film in the normal-luminance regions.

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal cell and method thereof. The cell comprises two opposed substrates and a surfactant-free lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLC) material disposed therebetween. By using an ammonium compound with LCLC or surface treatment on the substrates, the alignment of the LCLC material can be manipulated as a homeotropic bulk alignment; or a hybrid bulk alignment in which the LCLC alignment is changed from homeotropic bulk alignment in the vicinity of one substrate to planar alignment in the vicinity of another substrate. The cell can be used in biosensing, detection and amplification of ligands, optical devices, and photovoltaics etc.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device are disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a red subpixel, a green subpixel, a blue subpixel, and a viewing angle controlling subpixel. The red, green, and blue subpixels are driven in a TN method, and the viewing angle controlling subpixel is driven in an ECB method. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device provides flexibility in a security range to a user, and not only can be used for one person but also can be used for two or more persons to view an image of high quality without inconvenience while securing security.

Abstract: When viewed from the top of the liquid crystal display panel, a projecting section (4a) of a picture element electrode (4) is formed so as to at least partially match a contact hole (17). It is therefore possible to provide the liquid crystal display panel which achieves a high quality display and has a high aperture ratio and high transmittance.

Abstract: Liquid crystal cells and lenses having a variable resulting pre-tilt across two or more areas of the cell, and in particular, cells and lenses are provided wherein a resulting pre-tilt is varied across the cell according to any desired birefringence profile that can be utilized in liquid crystalline optical elements and liquid crystal displays. Methods of fabrication of the liquid crystal cells with variable resulting pre-tilt are disclosed.

Abstract: A PSA LCD panel includes a plurality of pixel units. Each of the pixel units includes a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode separated from the first pixel electrode. Each of the first and second pixel electrodes has a pattern scattered from a center in such a manner to form four domains.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel, two polarizing plates, and a backlight unit. A pixel included in the liquid crystal display panel is divided into a first domain and a second domain and includes a second electrode and a third electrode. The third electrode is insulated from and overlapped with the second electrode. First liquid crystals disposed in the first domain are twisted in a direction different from a direction in which the second liquid crystals disposed in the second domain are twisted. The liquid crystal display device selectively drives the second electrode and the third electrode, thereby controlling a viewing angle thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display element including a first alignment film and a second alignment film and a liquid crystal layer that is provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, wherein the first alignment film includes a compound in which a polymer compound that includes a cross-linked functional group or a polymerized functional group as a side chain is cross-linked or polymerized, the second alignment film includes the same compound as the compound that configures the first alignment film, and the formation and processing of the second alignment film is different from the formation and processing of the first alignment film and when a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the first alignment film is ?1 and a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the second alignment film is ?2, ?1>?2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal display panel including pixels each having an active device, a pixel electrode, a common electrode and a liquid crystal layer arranged in a dot matrix array. The liquid crystal display panel has a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate has the active device, the pixel electrode, the common electrode and a first alignment film. The second substrate has a second alignment film. The first alignment film and the second alignment film are respectively a photo alignment film formed by irradiating a photo decomposition type insulating film with light. The second alignment film has a thickness of at least 10 nm and no greater 50 nm and is thinner than the first alignment film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes an electrode and a slit formation region provided in the electrode and extending in a direction of extension of a boundary line, a first alignment region and a third alignment region are formed such that liquid crystal molecules are aligned toward a first director orientation, a second alignment region and a fourth alignment region are formed such that liquid crystal molecules are aligned toward a second director orientation greater in an angle of orientation than the first director orientation, an angle of orientation of a first slit orientation is not greater than an angle of orientation of the first director orientation, and an angle of orientation of a second slit orientation is not smaller than an angle of orientation of the second director orientation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a common electrode, and a pixel electrode which includes a central slit and a peripheral slit which are opposed to the common electrode. The central slit and the peripheral slit are arranged in a first direction and extend in a second direction crossing the first direction, the central slit being formed at a central part of the pixel electrode and having a first width in the first direction, and the peripheral slit being formed at a peripheral part of the pixel electrode and having a second width in the first direction which is less than the first width.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes a light modulation layer including a first region and a second region that have optical anisotropy and different responsiveness to an electric field. The light modulation layer satisfies an expression A/B<A1/B1 when the light modulation layer exhibits the scattering characteristics.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a common electrode. The second substrate includes a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes facing the common electrode. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates and includes first and second liquid crystal molecules. The first liquid crystal molecules are aligned at a first pretilt angle with respect to the first substrate. The first liquid crystal molecules are adjacent to the first substrate. The second liquid crystal molecules are aligned at a second pretilt angle with respect to the second substrate. The second liquid crystal molecules are adjacent to the second substrate.

Abstract: A display device which can suppress waveform distortion and lowered transmission coefficient of pixels, and suppress display irregularity is provided. In a display device having pixels arranged in a delta arrangement, a pixel includes a pixel portion which comprises a TFT including a source electrode, a drain electrode and a gate electrode, a common electrode and a pixel electrode, an organic passivation film has asymmetrical opening portions above a contact portion of the source electrode, and the orientations of the asymmetrical opening portions in the organic passivation films of pixels adjacent to each other are the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a first direction and a second direction orthogonally crossing with the first direction. A first alignment pattern is formed in the counter electrode. The first alignment pattern faces the pixel electrode and extending in the first direction. A second alignment pattern is formed in the counter electrode. The second alignment pattern also faces the pixel electrode and extends in the second direction intersecting with the first alignment pattern. An expanding alignment portion is arranged at the intersecting portion of the first alignment pattern and the second alignment pattern. The first and second alignment patterns are formed of alignment slits or alignment protrusions arranged in the counter substrate.

Abstract: A display panel includes a gate line, a data line, a pixel electrode formed adjacent to the gate and data lines on a lower substrate and a first alignment film disposed in a first domain disposed on the pixel electrode and in a second domain formed on pixel electrode. The first domain is aligned in a first direction and the second domain is aligned in a second direction which is different from the first direction. The upper substrate opposes the lower substrate and includes a common electrode disposed on the upper substrate and a second alignment film disposed on the common electrode at a third domain corresponding to the first domain and at a fourth domain corresponding to the second domain. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate and includes liquid crystals defined by a plurality of pixel areas.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate, a first alignment film formed over the first substrate, a second substrate, a second alignment film formed over the second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, and a projecting portion formed over the second substrate. The first and second alignment films are both made of a photo-decomposition-type material. A film thickness “d2” of the second alignment film over the projecting portion and a film thickness “d1” of a portion of the first alignment film facing the projecting portion satisfy a formula (1) and a formula (2): 0 nm<d2<30 nm??(1) d2<d1??(2).

Abstract: A unit pixel of a liquid crystal display panel includes a plurality of domains formed using a photoalignment process technology. The domains have different domain alignment vectors, and major axes of liquid crystal molecules on alignment layers are aligned in parallel to transmission axes of the liquid crystal display panel. In addition, the unit pixel has a pixel electrode including slits. The slits have a slit angle at which the slits cross alignments of the domains at a predetermined angle, and the slit angle is less than 45°. As a result, transmittance of the unit pixel may increase, ensuring high image quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical compensated bending (OCB) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) panel and a method for manufacturing the same. The method comprises the following steps: forming alignment layers on substrate, respectively; forming a liquid crystal layer between the alignment layers to form a liquid crystal cell; applying an electrical signal across the liquid crystal cell; and irradiating light rays to or heating the liquid crystal cell, so as to form a first polymer alignment layer and a second polymer alignment layer, respectively. The present invention can reduce a phase transition time of liquid crystal molecules from a splay state to a bent state.

Abstract: A normally black liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged vertically when no voltage is applied, and arranged horizontally by applying a voltage. In each of pixel regions in alignment films which are segmented in a grid by source lines and gate lines, is divided into two along a direction parallel to the source lines. The first alignment film includes a first region and a second region. The second alignment film includes a third region facing the first region and a fourth region facing the second region. In an adjacent pair of the pixel regions, pairs of the regions are adjacent to each other with corresponding one of the source lines interposed therebetween.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a switching element, a first electrode, a second electrode electrically connected with the switching element and facing the first electrode. In the second electrode, a plurality of slits in a V shape is formed along a first direction. The first and second substrates include first and second alignment films, respectively. The slit in the V shape includes a central portion, a first end connected with one end of the first central portion, a second end connected with the other end of the first central portion, a second central portion, a third end connected with one end of the second central portion, and a fourth end connected with the other end of the second central portion. The first end and the third end are connected each other.

Abstract: A first substrate and a second substrate are provided. An alignment process is performed on a surface of the first substrate and a surface of the second substrate respectively. A liquid crystal mixture is prepared, where the liquid crystal mixture includes a liquid crystal molecule and a liquid crystal monomer having a functional group of diacrylates, and the liquid crystal monomer having the functional group of diacrylates occupies 0.01-2 wt % of the liquid crystal mixture. The first substrate and the second substrate are assembled, and the liquid crystal mixture is filled therebetween. A polymerization curing process is performed such that the liquid crystal monomer having the functional group of diacrylates is polymerized to respectively form a liquid crystal polymer film on the aligned surfaces of the first and second substrates. The method enhances anchoring energy and reduces problems of V-T shift, surface gliding, and residual image.

Abstract: A pixel unit of a liquid crystal display includes a first sub-pixel electrode coupled by a direct current path to a corresponding switching element and a second sub-pixel electrode capacitively connected to the first sub-pixel electrode. The second sub-pixel electrode has a protrusion extending upwardly toward a spaced apart common electrode. The common electrode has a cut-out directly above the protrusion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, a first alignment film provided on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the first substrate, and a second alignment film provided on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the second substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy. Alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules near the first and second alignment films are perpendicular to each other, and the first alignment film and the second alignment film are photo-alignment films made of a material having a photosensitive group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided that has improved compensation using a single type of wide view film. The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a thin film transistor (TFT); a second substrate including a color filter; a first liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates and including a plurality of pole-shaped liquid crystal molecules twisted in a first direction; a second liquid crystal layer including a plurality of disk-type liquid crystal molecules arranged to perform wide view compensation matching with the plurality of pole-shaped liquid crystal molecules; wherein a first rubbing direction of a first alignment layer and a second rubbing direction of a second alignment layer cross at a crossing angle greater than about 90 degrees and less than or equal to about 94 degrees.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal display panel including pixels each having an active device, a pixel electrode, a common electrode and a liquid crystal layer arranged in a dot matrix array. The liquid crystal display panel has a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate has the active device, the pixel electrode, the common electrode and a first alignment film. The second substrate has a second alignment film. The first alignment film and the second alignment film are respectively a photo alignment film formed by irradiating a photo decomposition type insulating film with light. The second alignment film has a thickness of at least 10 nm and no greater 50 nm and is thinner than the first alignment film.

Abstract: In a photo alignment method, a substrate and a mask are aligned so that the substrate is spaced apart from the mask by a predetermined gap. An organic layer is formed on the substrate. The mask has a transmission portion and a light blocking portion. Light is irradiated through the mask in a direction substantially parallel with an interface between the transmission portion and the light blocking portion of the mask. Polymer chains are formed on an upper portion of the organic layer. The polymer chains are aligned in an alignment direction toward an incident direction of the light. Locations of the substrate and the mask are sensed in real time. The mask is transported to a predetermined location with respect to the substrate based on the sensed locations of the substrate and the mask.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display panel with a multi-domain pixel layout, including: a plurality of pixel units arranged in a matrix formed by columns and rows, wherein each pixel unit is divided into a plurality of domains; a first alignment layer aligned to directions along the columns; and a second alignment layer aligned to directions along the rows. For two adjacent pixel units arranged in the column direction, the domains adjacent to a boundary between the two adjacent pixel units are defined with the same directions which liquid crystal molecules tilt toward by the first and second alignment layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarizing plate including: a layer of polarizer for polarizing incident light and emitting the polarized light; and a coating type optically anisotropic layer disposed on the side to which the polarized light is emitted from the polarizer layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates in a spaced relationship with one another. A pair of alignment films are provided, one alignment film being formed on each substrate such that the alignment films face one another. A liquid crystal layer, including plural liquid crystals, is inserted between the pair of alignment films, wherein the alignment films impart a given pre-tilt angle to the liquid crystals. The alignment films are composed of a material containing at least two types of polymers having a prescribed initial alignment and different alignment variation rates in response to ultraviolet ray irradiation. The pre-tilt angle being adjusted, without rubbing the alignment films, through ultraviolet exposure of the alignment films.

Abstract: A display panel includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of domains, a horizontal domain boundary texture area and a vertical domain boundary texture area. The domains are disposed in a matrix shape. The horizontal domain boundary texture area extends in a first direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in a second direction and has a slope of a liquid crystal slowly (e.g., less) inclined compared to that of the domains. The vertical domain boundary texture area extends in the second direction in a boundary between the domains adjacent to each other in the first direction and has a width larger than that of the horizontal domain boundary texture area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display screen includes a first electrode plate, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, and a second electrode plate opposite to the first electrode plate. The liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are respectively disposed on the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and face the liquid crystal layer. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer respectively include a plurality of parallel first grooves and second grooves perpendicular to the first grooves formed thereon facing the liquid crystal layer. Furthermore, the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer respectively include a plurality of parallel and spaced carbon nanotube structures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided that includes first and second panels facing each other, an alignment layer disposed on at least one of the first and second panels, a fixing member disposed on the surface of the alignment layer to fix the alignment structure of the alignment layer, and liquid crystal materials disposed between the first and second panels. The liquid crystal materials include liquid crystal molecules that have a pre-tilt angle and are disposed on the alignment layer.

Abstract: An MVA mode liquid crystal display device is configured such that a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric constant anisotropy is held between a first substrate and a second substrate. The liquid crystal display device includes a structural body which controls an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in a manner to form a multi-domain in each of pixels. The structural body includes a first structural body which is disposed in a manner to overlap a light-blocking wiring line, and a second structural body which is disposed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first structural body and is formed to be narrower than the first structural body.