Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal optical modulation element which is excellent in durability against blue laser and which can maintain the characteristics for a long period of time. A liquid crystal optical modulation element to modulate a laser beam having a wavelength of at most 500 nm, which comprises a layer of a polymer liquid crystal composition sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates facing each other, characterized in that each of the pair of transparent substrates has an alignment film on the surface which faces the other transparent substrate, and the polymer liquid crystal composition is a polymer liquid crystal containing a hindered amine compound and a hindered phenol compound.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first insulating substrate having a first alignment film formed thereon; a second substrate which faces the first substrate having a second alignment film formed thereon; and a liquid crystal layer in a vertically aligned mode disposed between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, at least one of the first alignment film and the second alignment film comprising a silicon oxide layer of which a dielectric constant is 5 to 14.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device including vertical alignment layers formed on the substrates. The alignment layer having a polymer realizing vertical alignment is formed on the substrate an unpolarized ultraviolet light is then irradiated in the oblique direction at an angle not more than 45 degrees with respect to the surface of the alignment layer. The ultraviolet light has an exposure energy of 30 to 120 mJ/cm2 per percent of the polymer content realizing the vertical alignment of the alignment layer. The liquid crystal can thus align substantially vertically to the surface of the alignment layer, with a pretilt, and such an alignment is realized by the irradiation of the ultraviolet light, without rubbing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which can decrease lowering of light utilization efficiency attributed to a light absorption axis of an alignment film. A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight arranged on a back surface of the liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel includes liquid crystal, and a first substrate and a second substrate arranged to face each other in an opposed manner with the liquid crystal therebetween. The first substrate is arranged between the second substrate and the backlight. The first substrate includes a first polarizer and a first alignment film arranged between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal. The second substrate includes a second polarizer and a second alignment film arranged between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including: a first transparent substrate coated with a first alignment layer, a second transparent substrate coated with a second alignment layer, the second substrate facing the first transparent substrate, a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, a polarizer attached on the outer surfaces of the substrates, a pair of electrodes formed on the first substrates, and a driving circuit applying signal voltage to the electrodes. The liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the first substrate is rotated by applying the voltage, but, the liquid crystal molecule adjacent to the second substrate is fixed regardless of the applied voltage. The electrode pair, substantially straight data and common electrodes, are inclined at an angle with respect to a gate line.

Abstract: A pixel electrode is located in a pixel area defined by the intersections of the two adjacent gate lines and the two adjacent data lines, and has two linear openings extending in the transverse direction, which divide the pixel electrodes into three rectangular portions arranged in the longitudinal direction. The portions are connected in turn, and each portion of the pixel electrode has an X-shaped projection formed by the X-shaped member thereunder, and portions of the gate insulating film and the passivation film on the member. Since the gate insulating film and the passivation film are also located on the gate lines and the data lines, and the layered structure on the wires acts as peripheral projections of the pixel electrode. Each area enclosed by the projections, the openings and the peripheral projections is in a shape of equilateral trapezoid. The areas may be defined as the areas where the pixel electrode is in direct contact with the substrate.

Abstract: In an LCD apparatus, a non-effective display region disposed between pixel electrodes and a light leakage region disposed on the pixel electrodes are covered by means of a light-leakage preventing layer and by overlapping color filters of a color filter substrate, thereby preventing the light from being leaked through the non-effective display region and the light leakage region. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent brightness of the light from being decreased and images displayed through the LCD apparatus from being deteriorated in quality.

Abstract: A continuous domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display (2) has a first substrate (21), a second substrate (22), and liquid crystal molecules (26) interposed between the substrates. A plurality of curved slits (211) and a plurality of curved protrusions (221) are disposed at insides of the substrates respectively. When an electric field is applied between the substrates, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined to be oriented parallel to the substrates. In addition, the curved slits and the curved protrusions affect the orientations of the liquid crystal molecules, such that the liquid crystal molecules are directed to incline in various directions in smooth continuums. The visual effect of the continuous domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display is the sum of multiple smooth continuous domains. Thus the continuous domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display provides a more even display performance at various different viewing angles.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an optical film is provided. The method includes the following steps. A substrate is provided first and a surface of the substrate is aligned or an alignment layer is formed on the substrate. Next, a defined pattern layer is formed on the aligned surface of the substrate or on a surface of the alignment layer at a first temperature. A first liquid crystal layer is then coated on the aligned surface of the substrate or the surface of the alignment layer to cover the defined pattern layer. Then, a first curing step is performed at a second temperature to enable the defined pattern layer and the first liquid crystal layer to form the optical film. A portion of the optical film having the defined pattern layer is characterized by a different liquid crystal alignment property from the other portion of the optical film.

Abstract: The invention relates to optically compensated bend (OCB) mode liquid crystal display devices and fabrication methods thereof. The OCB mode liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. A first alignment layer is disposed on the first substrate, and a second alignment layer is disposed on a second region of the first substrate exposing the first alignment layer on a first region. A third alignment is disposed on the second substrate. Alignment orientations of liquid crystal molecules on the first and second alignment layers are different. When an appropriate voltage is applied to the OCB mode liquid crystal display, a splay to bend transition boundary is formed between the first and the second regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device are disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a red subpixel, a green subpixel, a blue subpixel, and a viewing angle controlling subpixel. The red, green, and blue subpixels are driven in a TN method, and the viewing angle controlling subpixel is driven in an ECB method. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device provides flexibility in a security range to a user, and not only can be used for one person but also can be used for two or more persons to view an image of high quality without inconvenience while securing security.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided which has a first substrate and a second substrate between which a liquid crystal layer is interposed and which performs a display operation by initially changing an alignment state of the liquid crystal layer from a spray alignment to a bend alignment. The liquid crystal device includes: a first initial transfer structure configured to form an initial transfer nucleus of the liquid crystal layer on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer; and a second initial transfer structure configured to form the initial transfer nucleus at a position corresponding to the first initial transfer structure on a sire of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A pixel structure for a liquid crystal display has a first substrate with respect to a pixel region. A W-like extruding structure composed of two V-like is formed on a surface of the substrate. A second substrate with several openings is also provided in parallel to the first substrate. The openings of the second substrate are aligned along a direction from a tip of the V-like to an edge of the pixel. Moreover, a liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and a second substrate, wherein the extruding structure abuts the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: In an LCD apparatus, a non-effective display region disposed between pixel electrodes and a declination line disposed on the pixel electrodes are covered by means of a light-leakage preventing layer, thereby preventing the light from being leaked through the non-effective display region and the declination line. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the brightness of the light from being decreased and an image displayed through the LCD apparatus from being deteriorated in quality.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises first and second opposed spaced-apart cell walls enclosing a layer of a liquid crystal material. Electrodes are provided on at least one cell wall for applying an electric field across at least some of the liquid crystal material. The first cell wall is provided with a first surface layer substantially comprising a polymerised aligned mesogenic material, which surface layer is in contact with the liquid crystal material. Preferably the alignment of the polymerised mesogenic material is substantially uniform across substantially the entire area of the display. The inner surface of the second cell wall may be provided with a similar second surface layer, preferably wherein the anchoring energy and/or order parameter of the liquid crystal adjacent the two surface layers is different.

Abstract: In a rotating mechanism including a pair of members 11 and 11 having opposed surfaces B which are opposed to each other and provided to be relatively movable in a state in which the opposed surfaces B are opposed to each other, a liquid crystal LC provided between the opposed surfaces B and B of the members 11 and 11, and liquid crystal molecule rotating means for rotating a liquid crystal molecule m of the liquid crystal LC in a crossing surface crossing one of the opposed surfaces B and B, the liquid crystal molecule rotating means includes a pair of orientation films 12 and 12 formed on the opposed surfaces B and B, and the orientation films 12 and 12 are subjected to a rubbing treatment in which directions of a rotation around an identical crossing line crossing the members 11 and 11 are reverse to each other along a circumference of a circle having a center on the crossing line.

Abstract: Liquid crystal display devices and fabrication methods thereof. The liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. A first alignment layer is disposed on the first substrate, and a second alignment layer is disposed on first alignment layer. A third alignment is disposed on the second substrate. Alignment orientations of liquid crystal molecules on the first and second alignment layers are different, and alignment orientations of liquid crystal molecules on the third and fourth alignment layers are different.

Abstract: It was found that the domain in which the disinclination was unstable was a domain located on the periphery of the pixel and in which the alignment orientation of the liquid crystal molecules within the pixel was different from the tilting orientation of the liquid crystal molecules due to the transverse electric field of the outer edge of the pixel and it is larger than 90°. As a result it was found that the liquid crystal within the pixel needed to be aligned in order to minimize the domain for the improvement in the property of withstanding vibrations, and a liquid crystal display panel more excellent in the property of withstanding vibrations could be realized by keeping the domain in which the disinclination was unstable near the short side of the pixel as shown in FIG. 25B.

Abstract: On one of surfaces of each substrate, an electrode is provided. Then, alignment films, which have been subjected to rubbing treatment, are provided on the respective electrodes so that the alignment films covers the respective electrodes. Moreover, on the other one of the surfaces of each substrate, a polarizer is provided so that its absorption axial direction matches with a rubbing direction of the corresponding alignment film. The substrates face each other so that the rubbing directions of the alignment films respectively provided on the substrates cross each other perpendicularly. A medium having a negative type liquid crystalline property is sealed between the substrates so as to form a material layer. In this way, it is possible to improve contrast and to alleviate coloring phenomenon in a display element in which transmittance is changed by controlling orientational order of molecules.

Abstract: A novel vertical alignment liquid crystal display with a structure having a flower-shaped vertical alignment (FVA) has the properties of fast response, high contrast ratio and a wide view angle. The method for making the device and structure of the FVA comprises the arrangement of: a first substrate with a protrusion shaped electrode as the pixel electrode; and a second substrate as the common electrode; aligning layers formed on said first and second substrates providing liquid crystal vertical alignment; liquid crystal materials filling a space between said first and second substrates as a liquid crystal cell; a linear polarizer and wide band quarter-wave film forming a circular polarizer; and, said circular polarizer disposed on exterior surfaces of said liquid crystal cell. When voltage is applied to the device, the liquid crystal (LC) director distribution looks like a flower blossom.

Abstract: A bistable nematic liquid crystal device cell is provided with a surface alignment grating on at least one cell wall and a surface treatment on the other wall. Such treatment may be a homeotropic alignment or a planar alignment with or without an alignment direction, and zero or a non zero pretilt. The surface profile on the monograting is asymmetric with its groove height to width selected to give approximately equal energy within the nematic material in its two allowed alignment arrangements. The monograting may be formed by a photolithographic process or by embossing of a plastics material. The cell is switched by dc pulses coupling to a flexoelectric coefficient in the material, or by use of a two frequency addressing scheme and a suitable two frequency material. Polarisers either side of the cell distinguish between the two switched states. The cell walls may be rigid or flexible, and are coated with electrode structures, e.g.

Abstract: A bistable nematic liquid crystal display device comprises two cell walls enclosing a layer of nematic liquid crystal material having finely divided solid particles dispersed therein. At least one electrode on each cell wall applies an electric field across at least some of the liquid crystal material. Surface alignments on the inner surface of both cell walls induce adjacent molecules of the liquid crystal material to adopt desired orientations. The liquid crystal material adopts two different stable molecular configurations according to the polarity of applied electric field pulses.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: first and second panels facing each other, interposing a gap therebetween, and first and second field generating electrodes, respectively; a liquid crystal layer filled in the gap and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules; first and second tilt direction defining members disposed on the first and the second panels, respectively, and giving a first tilt direction to a group of the liquid crystal molecules; and a third tilt direction defining member disposed on one of the first and the second panels and giving a second tilt direction oblique to the first tilt direction to the group of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: Transflective liquid crystal display devices and fabrication methods thereof. A single cell gap transflective liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate with a reflective region and a transmissive region. A second substrate opposes the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates. A reflective structure is disposed on the first substrate, thereby forming a recess at the transmissive region. A first alignment layer is conformably formed on the first substrate covering the reflective structure, thereby forming a second recess at the reflective region. The second recess is filled with a second alignment, wherein the first and second alignment layers provide different orientations and pre-tilt angles for the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: For suppressing the disclination caused due to misalignment between a pair of substrates of the TFT-type Liquid Crystal Display Device, the present invention makes light shielding widths of the pixel electrode formed on one of the substrates having a plurality of image signal lines together with the pixel electrodes asymmetry in accordance with an angle formed by an extension direction of the image signal line and a rubbing direction of the one of the substrates. Namely, the light shielding width of the pixel electrode at the image signal line side supplying an image signal to the pixel electrode should be broader if the angle is acute, and the light shielding width of the pixel electrode at the image signal line side supplying an image signal to the pixel electrode should be broader if the angle is obtuse, respectively.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, and includes a plurality of picture element regions each defined by a first electrode provided on one side of the first substrate that is closer to the liquid crystal layer and a second electrode provided on the second substrate so as to oppose the first electrode via the liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first orientation-regulating structure in each of the plurality of picture element regions, the first orientation-regulating structure exerting an orientation-regulating force so as to form a plurality of liquid crystal domains in the liquid crystal layer, each of the liquid crystal domains taking a radially-inclined orientation in the presence of an applied voltage.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display having alignment films with different surface polarities. The alignment films induce an internal electric field through the liquid crystal. Because of the induced internal electric field, initial liquid crystal alignment, and subsequent liquid crystal alignments, can be performed without an externally applied electric field.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates, a plurality of gate bus lines and data bus lines on the first substrate, the gate bus lines being perpendicular to the data bus lines, a plurality of pixels defined by the gate bus lines and the data bus lines, the pixels having a plularity of regions, at least a pair of electrodes in each region having a common direction, and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules between the substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display mainly includes two substrates processed for vertical alignment and a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy sealed between the two substrates. An array of slits is provided on pixel electrodes formed on one substrate. A light-shielding matrix and an array of protrusions is provided on the other substrate. Each of the first protrusions has a main body being arranged substantially in a zigzag pattern and in parallel to one another. The slits and the main bodies of the first protrusions are arranged alternately. The liquid crystal display is characterized in that the first protrusions have a plurality of breaks formed within the area of the light-shielding matrix.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates with alignment layers formed thereon, and a liquid crystal filled between the substrates. Each pixel has pixel display portions CA, CB and non-display portions DA, EA, DB, EB. The pixel display portions are treated for realizing alignment in a different manner from the non-display portions and the alignment of the pixel display portions is controlled by the alignment of the non-display portions. Moreover, the alignment treatment is executed by the irradiation with ultraviolet rays in an inclined direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising an upper substrate having the inner surface on which an upper electrode and an upper grating film having surface undulation are laminated; a lower substrate having the inner surface on which a lower electrode and a lower grating film having surface undulation are laminated, the said inner surface of the lower substrate being located facing the inner surface of the upper substrate; and the liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy which is sealed in the space between the upper substrate and the lower substrate is presented. The liquid crystal display may accomplish wide viewing angles and high contrast ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparation of optical compensation films using a polymer stabilization technique so as to enable continuous roll-to-roll production. The films can be applied for reflective liquid crystal displays. They are prepared by photo-polymerizing a mixture comprising a reactive monomer (or mixture of monomers), a small amount of photoinitiator and liquid crystal. The concentration of the reactive monomer (mesogenic or non-mesogenic) in the reactive mixtures can be as low as 5% or as high as 99% by weight. The materials that can function as the optical compensation films in the present invention include, but are not limited to, mixtures of liquid crystal and reactive mesogenic monomers (rod-like, bent-shaped, and disc-like mesogenic monomers) containing polymerizable groups (monofunctionaly or multifunctional) selected from acrylate, methacrylate, vinyls, butadiene, vinyl ethers, or epoxide.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A HAN-mode liquid crystal display includes a lower alignment film formed on a lower substrate; an upper alignment film formed on an upper substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lower and upper substrates; a phase compensation film adhered on the outer surface of the upper substrate and a polarizer adhered on the phase compensation film wherein the lower alignment film has an alignment angle of ?40 to ?50° with respect to a horizontal line, the upper alignment film has an alignment angle of 40 to 55° with respect to a horizontal line, the liquid crystal layer has a phase delay value (d?n) of 0.36–0.40 ?m, the phase compensation film has a phase compensation function of ?/4 and also has an optical axis making 167–173° or 7 to 13° with a horizontal line and the polarizer has an absorption axis making an angle of 42 to 48° with a horizontal line.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to liquid crystal displays of the flexoelectric type operating in the uniformly lying helix mode and in particular to the orientation of the cholesteric liquid crystalline media, which have a short pitch, in these displays by making the system non-symmetric. The media comprise a bimesogenic component, component A and a chiral component, component B. The display comprises one substrate on which the liquid crystal is oriented homogeneously and preferably a second substrate on which the liquid crystal is oriented homeotropically.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises first and second substrates, a first alignment layer on the first substrate, wherein the first alignment layer includes polyethyleneimine, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of preparing films and multilayers comprising polymerized liquid crystal material with uniform orientation, to films and multilayers obtained by said process and their use for optical and electrooptical applications.

Abstract: A bistable nematic liquid crystal device includes an array of holes (8) in an alignment layer (6) on at least one cell wall (2). The alignment layer (6) induces a substantially planar local alignment of liquid crystal molecules. The holes (8) have a shape and/or orientation to induce the liquid crystal director adjacent the holes (8) to adopt two different tilt angles in substantially the same azimuthal direction. The arrangement is such that two stable liquid crystal molecular configurations can exist after suitable electrical signals have been applied to the electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer, an alignment layer orientating the liquid crystal layer, and a driving circuit that drives the liquid crystal layer. The alignment layer is divided into a plurality of specified regions, each having a recognizable size. The orientation direction of adjacent regions is different from one another. This makes it difficult to resolve a displayed image from directions other than that from the front of the display, and instead a fixed pattern is seen when the display is viewed from directions other than that from the front. This fixed pattern can be chosen as desired and can be, e.g., a figure or a trade name of a product.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer, an alignment layer orientating the liquid crystal layer, and a driving circuit that drives the liquid crystal layer. The alignment layer is divided into a plurality of specified regions, each having a recognizable size. The orientation direction of adjacent regions is different from one another. This makes it difficult to resolve a displayed image from directions other than that from the front of the display, and instead a fixed pattern is seen when the display is viewed from directions other than that from the front. This fixed pattern can be chosen as desired and can be, e.g., a figure or a trade name of a product.

Abstract: An ion beam irradiation device includes a vacuum chamber and a stage on which at least two substrates may be mounted such that each substrate has an inclination angle to a horizontal plane of the vacuum chamber. The stage moves in one direction. An ion gun provided in the vacuum chamber produces ion beams that irradiate the substrates. In a single pass through the vacuum chamber, the alignment layers disposed on multiple substrates may be aligned. The substrates can be aligned such that the ion beam irradiates multiple substrates simultaneously and/or such that the ion beam irradiates the multiple substrates sequentially.

Abstract: A method of forming a transflective display device having a single cell gap in which a liquid crystal molecule has at least two pretilt angles. A transparent electrode is formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate, and a reflective electrode is formed on a portion of the transparent electrode. Thus, creating a reflective region over the reflective electrode, and a transmissive region over the transparent electrode which is not covered by the reflective electrode. Using a photo-alignment process to form at least two alignment domains on each of the two alignment layers sandwiching a liquid crystal layer, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the reflective region is different from the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the transmissive region, the reflective region and the transmissive region have the same phase retardation, and the light path passing through the reflective region is twice the light path passing through the transmissive region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, comprising a lower alignment film formed on a lower substrate; an upper alignment film formed on an upper substrates; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lower and upper substrates; a phase compensation film adhered on the outer surface of the upper substrate and a polarizer adhered on the phase compensation film wherein the lower alignment film has an alignment angle of 10-20° with respect to a horizontal line, the upper alignment film has an alignment angle of 40 to 55° with respect to a horizontal line, the liquid crystal layer has a phase delay value (d?n) of 0.24-0.27 ?m, the phase compensation film has a phase compensation function of ?/4 and also has an optical axis making 140-146° with a horizontal line and the polarizer has an absorption axis making 120 to 122.5° with a horizontal line.

Abstract: A bistable nematic liquid crystal device includes an array of upstanding features (10) on at least one cell wall (2). The features (10) have a shape and/or orientation to induce the liquid crystal director adjacent the features (10) to adopt two different tilt angles in substantially the same azimuthal direction. The arrangement is such that two stable liquid crystal molecular configurations can exist after suitable electrical signals have been applied to the electrodes (12, 14).

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display comprising first and second substrates provided opposing one another; a liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal material that is injected between the first and second substrates; pixel electrodes and a common electrode formed on at least one of the substrates, the pixel electrodes and common electrode generating an electric field that acts on the liquid crystal layer; and domain formation means for controlling a slanting direction of liquid crystal molecules within the liquid crystal layer, wherein m is an integer satisfying the following: h/2(?/wp)1/2?2?m?h/2(?/wp)1/2+2 where m is a number of domains formed by dividing the pixel electrodes by the domain formation means, w is a length of a first direction of the pixel electrodes, h is a length of a second direction of the pixel electrodes, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and p is a width of a second direction of the domain formation means.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate for a liquid crystal display is provided with a gate line assembly, a data line assembly, thin film transistors, and pixel electrodes. Each pixel electrode has an opening pattern. A color filter substrate faces the thin film transistor array substrate while bearing color filters, a black matrix, and a common electrode. The common electrode has an opening pattern. The opening patterns of the pixel and the common electrodes partition the pixel region into a plurality of upper and lower domains and a plurality of left and right domains. The volume occupied by the upper and lower domains is established to be larger than the volume occupied by the left and right domains.

Abstract: For suppressing the disclination caused due to misalignment between a pair of substrates of the TFT-type Liquid Crystal Display Device, the present invention makes light shielding widths of the pixel electrode formed on one of the substrates having a plurality of image signal lines together with the pixel electrodes asymmetry in accordance with an angle formed by an extension direction of the image signal line and a rubbing direction of the one of the substrates. Namely, the light shielding width of the pixel electrode at the image signal line side supplying an image signal to the pixel electrode should be broader if the angle is acute, and the light shielding width of the pixel electrode at the image signal line side supplying an image signal to the pixel electrode should be broader if the angle is obtuse, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an IPS LCD device including a first and second substrate opposing with each other, a common electrode on an inner surface of the first substrate, a pixel electrode parallel to the common electrode, a first alignment layer covering the common and pixel electrodes, wherein the first alignment layer is rubbed, a second alignment layer on an inner surface of the upper substrate, wherein the second alignment layer is photo-aligned, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A transflective display device having a single cell gap in which a liquid crystal molecule has at least two pretilt angles. A transparent electrode is formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate, and a reflective electrode is formed on a portion of the transparent electrode, such that a reflective region is over the reflective electrode and a transmissive region is over the transparent electrode, which is not covered by the reflective electrode. The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the reflective region is different from the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the transmissive region, the reflective region and the transmissive region have the same phase retardation, and the light path through the reflective region is twice the light path passing through the transmissive region.

Abstract: An OCB type liquid crystal display having first and second substrates opposed to each other via a liquid crystal layer such that rubbing directions of the first and second substrates become parallel to each other, a plurality of pixel electrodes which correspond to respective pixels, and a common electrode formed on the second substrate which receives a reference voltage commonly to a plurality of the pixels. A first transition nucleus area is formed in the first substrate layer and has a plurality of continuous slant surfaces having a saw-tooth cross sectional profile, and a second transition nucleus area is formed in the second substrate and has a plurality of continuous slant surfaces having a saw-tooth cross sectional profile. The slant surfaces in the first and second transition nucleus areas oppose to each other and slope toward mutually opposite angular directions.