Abstract: An illumination system, a projection device, and an illumination method are provided. The illumination system includes a polarized light source, a polarization switching element, a beam splitting element, a wavelength conversion element, a reflective element, and a wave plate. The polarized light source emits a polarized light beam with a first color. The polarization switching element switches a polarized direction of the polarized light beam at different time points. The beam splitting element separates polarized light beams having different polarized directions. The wavelength conversion element converts the polarized light beam having a first polarized direction to a converted light beam. The reflective element reflects the polarized light beam having a second polarized direction to form a reflected light beam. The beam splitting element combines the converted light beam and the reflected light beam comes from the wave plate disposed between the beam splitting element and the reflective element.

Abstract: A method for making an electrowetting device includes: (a) forming a surrounding wall on an upper surface of a substrate to surround a microchamber, the surrounding wall having an inner surface surrounding the microchamber and a top surface above the inner surface, the upper surface of the substrate being non-hydrophobic; (b) coating the surrounding wall and the upper surface of the substrate with a hydrophobic coating material; (c) removing a portion of the hydrophobic coating material formed on the top surface of the surrounding wall, thereby exposing the top surface of the surrounding wall; and (d) disposing a liquid into the microchamber.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods to robustly inter-convert between polarization-entangled photon pairs and time-entangled photon pairs, such that produced polarization-entangled photons pairs can be converted into time-entangled photon pairs, stored as time-entangled photon pairs to preserve the entanglement for longer periods of time, and then converted back to polarization-entangled photon pairs when ready for manipulation, processing, and measurement by a quantum application.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phase modulating apparatus capable of highly accurately and easily correcting the phase modulation characteristic of a reflective electric address spatial light modulator even when a condition of input light is changed. In the LCOS phase modulating apparatus, an input unit inputs the condition of the input light, and a processing unit sets an input value for each pixel. A correction value deriving unit determines a correction condition according to the condition of the input light. A control input value converting unit converts the input value set for each pixel into a corrected input value based on the correction condition. An LUT processing unit converts the corrected input value into a voltage value, and drives each pixel by using a drive voltage equivalent to the converted voltage value.

Abstract: An optical control apparatus includes: an optical input/output port to which light is input from outside or from which light is output outside; a spatial optical modulator that emits light having entered from the optical input/output port towards the optical input/output port and has polarization dependence; a condensing element that is disposed between the optical input/output port and the spatial optical modulator and optically couples the optical input/output port and the spatial optical modulator; and a polarization control element that is disposed between the condensing element and the spatial optical modulator, controls a polarization state of input light to cause the input light to have only a single polarization direction, and outputs the input light controlled.

Abstract: Imaging systems include a detector and a spatial light modulator (SLM) that is coupled so as to control image intensity at the detector based on predetermined detector limits. By iteratively adjusting SLM element values, image intensity at one or all detector elements or portions of an imaging detector can be controlled to be within limits. The SLM can be secured to the detector at a spacing such that the SLM is effectively at an image focal plane. In some applications, the SLM can be adjusted to impart visible or hidden watermarks to images or to reduce image intensity at one or a selected set of detector elements so as to reduce detector blooming.

Abstract: A bandwidth variable communication apparatus includes: a route exchange unit including a route exchange function for switching an output port of a stream signal of one or more wavelengths input from an input port based on both or a part of wavelength and time, and including a bandwidth change function for changing passable frequency bandwidth in a section from the input port to the output port through which the stream signal passes; and a control unit including a control information transmit-receive function for transmitting and receiving control information for both or a part of the route exchange function and the bandwidth change function of the route exchange unit, and including a control function for controlling the route exchange unit based on the control information. All or a part of the input ports and the output ports are connected to other communication apparatuses via transmission routes.

Abstract: An optical regenerator for regenerating a multi-level phase encoded signal. A first non-linear medium (HNLF1) generates a comb of frequency harmonics from the signal under the action of a coherent pump, each component bearing the phase encoded data. A filter selects the first and (M?1)th order components. The filtered signal is then input to a second non-linear medium (HNLF2) where a further pump is applied, to coherently add the first and (M?1)th order components and regenerate the signal by reducing phase noise.

Abstract: A laser scanning microscope, which is switchable between different operating modes, wherein it contains, for switching in the illumination beam path, an electro-optical modulator (EOM) in a first beam path, which electro-optical modulator has arranged, upstream and downstream of it, adjustable first and second polarization-rotating elements and, downstream of it, at least one first polarization splitter for producing a second beam path, in which light-influencing means are located, wherein one or more of the following operating modes of the LSM can be set:—Single spot LSM—multispot LSM—single spot FMM—multispot FMM—FRAP system.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for producing polarized light, having a modulator crystal, where the modulator crystal incorporates a birefringent electro-optic material. The modulator crystal has an optic axis, a first polarization axis, and a second polarization axis, where the first polarization axis and second polarization axis are each perpendicular to the optic axis and perpendicular to each other. The apparatus can also include an electrode pair, where application of an electric field modulates light passing through the modulator crystal that is polarized along the first polarization axis. Embodiments pertain to a method and apparatus for modulating light. The apparatus incorporates a modulator crystal having an electro-optic material. The device also has at least two electrode pairs, where each electrode pair modulates light passing through the modulator crystal that has a direction of travel that has a component parallel to the optic axis.

Abstract: A display system 1 is composed of a ghost image reducing device 100 and an image device 10. The ghost image reducing device 100 comprises an image reflecting element 110 and a polarizing element 120. The image reflecting element 110 includes a substrate 112 and a phase modulating element 114 which is adjacent to the substrate 112 and has a reflecting surface 114a. The image device 10 generates a polarized image light P1 which is received by the reflecting surface 114a. Then, a portion of the polarized image light P1 is reflected by the reflecting surface 114a for producing a first reflecting polarized image light P2, another portion of the polarized light P1 is projected into the phase modulating element 114 and reflected by the substrate 112 for producing a second reflecting polarized image light S2 whose polarizing direction is different from that of the first reflecting polarized image light P2.

Abstract: A SWIR hyperspectral imaging filter has serial stages along an optical signal path with angularly distributed birefringent retarders and polarizers. The retarders can include active retarders such as tunable liquid crystal birefringent elements, passive retarders such as fixed retarders, and/or combinations thereof. Distinctly different periodic transmission spectra are provided by different filter stages, each having multiple retarders, in particular with some stages having broad bandpass peaks at wide spectral spacing and other stages have very narrow closely spaced peaks. The respective spectra include at least one tunably selectable band at which the transmission spectra of the filter stages coincide, whereby the salutary narrow bandpass and wide spectral spacing ranges of different stages apply together, resulting in a high finesse wavelength filter suitable for spectral imaging.

Abstract: A controllable light directional distributor for an illumination apparatus, and a method of manufacture of the same in which multiple elongate optical elements are arranged to provide controllable divergence angle from a light source with low divergence output angle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical control device capable of achieving an accurate match of modulation timing and modulation intensity between optical waves propagating through optical waveguides disposed between a plurality of signal electrodes in an optical control device using an anisotropic dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A polarization conversion device converts a polarization state of a light which is input to a first waveguide, that is, TE/TM mode of the light, to output it from the first waveguide. The polarization conversion device includes: a mode converter that performs the inter-conversion of TE/TM modes of the light which is input to the first waveguide; and a polarization separator that receives the light passed through the mode converter and separates the received light into a first light, TE/TM of which mode has been converted by the mode converter and a second light, TE/TM of which mode has not been converted, to output the first light to the first waveguide.

Abstract: A segmented polarizing device may be a polarizing modulator which may include strips of switching polarizer material. The switching polarizer material may be used to switch individual segments of the polarizing modulator at a time. In such devices, the polarizing modulator may be one or more liquid crystal cells (LC cell). As the LC modulation panel of a display refreshes an image from top to bottom, changing from left eye content to right eye content, the polarization of a corresponding part of a scrolling polarizing screen may change along with the display.

Abstract: An optical system attaining a nearly double resolving power in spite of one projector and also eliminating a convergence device is provided. The system includes an 1:1 relay lens in place of a projector lens of a RGB split-combine projection system, and a quarter-wave plate for P-S polarization separation. In operation, once-modulated RGB composite light is divided into a P-polarized light and a S-polarized light by a PS separation wire grid. The S-polarized light is modulated by a luminance signal Y1 at a Y1 device. The P-polarized light is modulated by a luminance signal Y2 at a Y2 device. The lights modulated by the Y1/Y2 devices are combined with each other at a PS composite wire grid to project a synthetic light on a screen.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a pair of polarization filters allows transmission of light therethrough when i) the light has a wavelength band equal to or more than a first wavelength regardless of a light oscillation direction, the wavelength band including a wavelength of infrared light and ii) the light has a wavelength band less than the first wavelength and is linearly polarized. An optical rotation control element, disposed between the paired polarization filters, allows the light to be transmitted therethrough during which optical rotation of the light is changed selectively depending on application or non-application of voltage to the optical rotation control element. The polarization filters have polarization planes, respectively, which are in parallel with each other or the polarization plane of one of the polarization filters is rotated from that of the other by an angular amount of rotation resulting from the polarization of the optical rotation control element.

Abstract: A device for generating polarization-entangled photons by means of parametric down-conversion, comprising a waveguide structure formed in a substrate of an optically non-linear material with periodically poled regions, wherein, when in operation, pump photons can be supplied from a pump laser to the waveguide structure, and wherein a separating means for separating the entangled photons for the separate further conduction of signal photons and idler photons, respectively, is arranged to follow the waveguide structure.

Abstract: Photonic devices and techniques based on tunable single sideband (SSB) modulation in whispering gallery mode resonators formed of electro-optic materials to construct RF or microwave receivers.

Abstract: Methods, systems and software for determining an optical surface model for an optical tissue system using Fourier transformation algorithms. A method of reconstructing optical tissues an eye comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct an optical surface model that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

Abstract: An individual, controllable light modulator is configured with a regular pixel structure, for realizing different types of modulation. The spatial light modulator can be realized transmissively and reflectively. The light modulator contains at least one addressable, transmissive layer with a pixel structure and at least one substrate layer with retro-reflecting elements, as well as modulation control means for controlling the modulation of the pixels. The modulation control means produce a number of macropixels from at least two adjacent pixels, to which a selected modulation characteristic is assigned. The retro-reflecting elements are disposed consecutively in such a manner in the substrate layer that, in each case, a retro-reflecting element covers two adjacent pixels of a macropixel of the addressable layer, in order to direct a light bundle, incident in each case on one pixel of a macropixel, sequentially, through further pixels of the macropixel to modulate the incident light bundle.

Abstract: A laser system using ultrashort laser pulses is provided. In another aspect of the present invention, the system includes a laser, pulse shaper and detection device. A further aspect of the present invention employs a femtosecond laser and a spectrometer. Still another aspect of the present invention uses a laser beam pulse, a pulse shaper and a SHG crystal. In yet another aspect of the present invention, a multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan system and method characterize the spectral phase of femtosecond laser pulses. Fiber optic communication systems, photodynamic therapy and pulse characterization tests use the laser system with additional aspects of the present invention.

Abstract: A polarization modulation device for wideband laser comprises a first polarization maintaining optical fiber, a second polarization maintaining optical fiber, and a non-polarization maintaining optical fiber. The non-polarization maintaining optical fiber includes a first polarization controller coupled with the first polarization maintaining optical fiber, and a second polarization controller coupled with the second polarization maintaining optical fiber.

Abstract: An optically addressed ligth valve suitable for selectively limiting the transmission of radiation from high intensity light sources comprising an electro-optical modulator sandwiched by two photoconductive layers.

Abstract: An optically addressed light valve suitable for selectively limiting the transmission of radiation from high intensity light sources independent of wavelength using a TN liquid crystal cell and a photoconductive material (vanadium doped silicon carbide).

Abstract: A display system includes a coherent light source that can emit a coherent light beam, a de-speckling device configured to distort a wavefront of the coherent light beam to produce a distorted coherent light beam, and a two-dimensional array of light modulators that can selectively modulate the distorted coherent light beam to select a plurality of pixels for display.

Abstract: A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate may contain electronic circuitry fabricated on the backplane. The electronic circuitry is placed in electrical communication with the array of interferometric modulators and is configured to control the state of the array of interferometric modulators.

Abstract: A system and method for gamut mapping out-of-gamut signals. A method includes adjusting each color in a color signal, determining a maximum color value of the color signal, in response to a determining that the maximum color value exceeds a maximum displayable color value, scaling color values of colors not having the maximum color value, and setting the color value of the color having the maximum color value to be equal to the maximum displayable color value. The method further includes leaving the color values of the colors in the color signal unchanged in response to a determining that the maximum color value does not exceed the maximum displayable color value. The scaling of color values not equal to the maximum color value results in a maintaining of a proper hue of the color signal, thereby not introducing color artifacts and other forms of color noise.

Abstract: A device for imaging scenes with a very large range of intensity having a pair of polarizers, a primary lens, an attenuating mask, and an imaging device optically connected along an optical axis. Preferably, a secondary lens, positioned between the attenuating mask and the imaging device is used to focus light on the imaging device. The angle between the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction is adjustable.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polarization-modulating element for modulating a polarization state of incident light into a predetermined polarization state, the polarization-modulating element being made of an optical material with optical activity and having a circumferentially varying thickness profile.

Abstract: Two pulsed lasers (14) or sets of lasers propagate beams of pulses (20) having orthogonally related polarization states. A beam combiner (24) combines the orthogonal beams to form a combined beam propagating along a common beam path (16) to intersect an optical modulator (30) that selectively changes the polarization state of selected pulses of either beam to provide a composite beam (18) including similarly polarized pulses from the orthogonal beams. The composite polarized beam has a composite average power and a composite repetition rate that are greater than those provided by either laser. The optical modulator can also selectively control the polarization states of pulses from either laser to pass through or be blocked by a downstream polarizer (32). Additional modulators may facilitate pulse shaping of the pulses. The system is scalable by addition of sets of single lasers or pairs of lasers with beam combiners and modulators.

Abstract: The preparation of robust, thin film materials with large second-order optical nonlinearities through the covalent self-assembly of chromophoric compositions and innovative use of silyl chemistry.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus is provided that is safe even when a person looks directly into a laser beam. A laser operation control unit sets the output power of at least one laser source so that intensity A (mW/mm2) of the laser beam on at least one spatial light modulation element satisfies relationship of A<686×B2 when numerical aperture B on image side of an illumination optics system is set.

Abstract: The light beam generator 1 is provided with a laser light source 10, an optical phase modulation element 15 and others. The optical phase modulation element 15 receives coherent light output from the laser light source 10 and passed through a beam splitter 14 to modulate a phase of the light depending on a position on the beam cross section of the light, and outputs the light after the phase modulation to the beam splitter 14.

Abstract: A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate may contain electronic circuitry fabricated on the backplane. The electronic circuitry is placed in electrical communication with the array of interferometric modulators and is configured to control the state of the array of interferometric modulators.

Abstract: The invention relates to stereoscopic video equipment and can be used to design stereoscopic TV sets and monitors with a possibility to observe stereo images both glasses-free and with use of passive glasses while keeping a possibility to observe monoscopic images. These possibilities are provided in the method and in the device by means of a light flux elliptical polarization modulator with polarization modulation parameters determined by inverse trigonometric functions such as arctg, arcctg, arccos and arcsin (or their combinations) from algebraic relations between squared amplitudes of image temporal scanning signals, that permits with help of spatially-periodic polarization selector to obtain the images of the left and the right views in the left and right observation areas.

Abstract: There is provided an image display viewing system including an image display device including a signal control portion that receives input of an image signal and outputs a signal that causes each of multiple different images to be displayed at least twice consecutively, and a display panel to which the signal output from the signal control portion is input and which alternately displays each of the multiple different images at least twice consecutively, and an optical modulator including a liquid crystal layer on which an image having a predetermined polarization direction output from the image display device and external light having random polarization are incident, and which periodically changes the polarization direction of the incident light, and a polarizing plate on which light emitted from the liquid crystal layer is incident and which has a polarization axis in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A stereo projection optical system includes a first polarizing beam splitter, a transmission-type light modulator positioned to receive the first polarized light component from the first polarizing light splitter and an image assimilator positioned to receive an emergent light of the transmission-type light modulator. The image assimilator includes a second polarized light splitter and first, second reflective spatial light modulators. The stereo projection optical systems provide viewers three-dimensional images formed by two alternative polarization light beams whose polarizations are perpendicular to each other utilizing the transmission-type light modulators to form “3-D” images.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a configuration of a polarization control system and an algorithm that realize fast polarization controlling and tracking while avoiding the Glitch problems (i.e., loss of polarization tracking). The polarization controller includes multiple stages along with tunable orientation and retardation angles. The retardation angles are initialized to at least two different values for better polarization tracking in normal mode. In a normal mode, only the orientation angles of the polarization controller are dithered. When the monitored error is higher than the threshold, the polarization controller enters a glitch mode, and Glitch detection can be improved through error signal data processing. In the Glitch mode, at least one retardation angle is dithered along with the orientation angles.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device that is switchable between a transmissive mode and a reflective mode is provided. The LCD device includes a backlight; an active reflective polarizer which operates as a reflector that reflects incident light or as a reflective polarizer that reflects light of a first polarization and transmits light of a second polarization perpendicular to the first polarization, based on whether a magnetic field is applied; and a liquid crystal panel that modulates incident light to form images. The liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer, a first polarizer that is disposed on a rear surface of the liquid crystal layer and faces the active reflective polarizer, and a second polarizer that is disposed on a front surface of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: There is provided in one of the embodiments of the disclosure a lithium niobate modulator structure for mitigating DC bias drift comprising a highly doped semiconductor layer patterned above an optical waveguide having one or more DC sections and an RF section, wherein a metal layer or contact is in contact with a portion of the semiconductor layer and a buffer layer is deposited in the RF section. There is provided in another embodiment of the disclosure a method for making a lithium niobate electro-optical modulator for mitigation of DC bias drift.

Abstract: Multi-band polarized receiver-emitter THz domain visualization device that includes a group of elemental receiver units made from a resonant system sensitive to frequency and polarization, a micro-bead solid-state voltage amplifier in the gate of a differential FET system. The detection is based on the carrier perturbation method detected by a set of double gate comparator circuits that further generates an integrated signal driven to a digital analog converter. The signal from here is accessing event-based memory used to generate the 3D images. Multiple detection modules are coupled into a triangular detection element detecting a multitude of frequencies, in a cascade of bands from 2 mm to 1 micron. This THz chromatic detector is integrated in a surface morph array, or in an image area of a focusing device generating a pixel of information with band, amplitude, polarization and time parameters, driving to a complex 3D substance level visualizations.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a light source that generates light-source light of a plurality of colors, at least one optical modulator that corresponds to the light source and modulates image light of each of the light-source light of the plurality of colors, a display drive unit that controls the operation of the optical modulator according to an input image signal to perform display, a signal determining unit that determines whether the image signal has been input and whether the image signal can be processed by the display drive unit, and determines that a display state is non-normal when the image signal has not been input or when the image signal cannot be processed by the display drive unit, and a controller that, when the signal determining unit determines that the display state is non-normal, generates only at least one specific color light of the light-source light of the plurality of colors and simultaneously transmits a display image signal for non-normal display to the optical modulator.

Abstract: A polarization switch provides substantially ideal binary polarization switching over a broad range of wavelengths using a polarization modulation wheel having at least one retarder stack that transforms polarization. Using the polarization modulation wheel in a polarization system provides a high throughput polarization switch and operates over a wide range of incidence angles while providing substantially continuous and smooth polarization output for each component for any selected polarization basis set. The polarization modulation wheel is well-suited for stereoscopic polarized projection applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to stereoscopic video equipment and can be used to design stereoscopic TV sets and monitors with a possibility to observe stereo images both glasses-free and with use of passive glasses while keeping a possibility to observe monoscopic images. These possibilities are provided in the method and in the device by means of a light flux elliptical polarization modulator with polarization modulation parameters determined by inverse trigonometric functions such as arctg, arcctg, arccos and arcsin (or their combinations) from algebraic relations between squared amplitudes of image temporal scanning signals, that permits with help of spatially-periodic polarization selector to obtain the images of the left and the right views in the left and right observation areas.

Abstract: In a method of calibrating a light delivery device (10) having a solid state light source (12), for example comprising LEDs of an LED array, and an intensity control unit (16) comprising LED array driver and a dimmer module for generating a control signal for controlling at least the intensity of the light source, the light source is temporarily connected by a light guide (24; 24, 26) to a radiometer (38) for detecting irradiance of the delivered light. The light delivery device has a memory (30) for storing control signal parameters and associated radiance levels. The light delivery device is calibrated by adjusting the control signal parameters, e.g.

Abstract: Mediums that are arranged opposite to an elemental-image display unit, that form two lens arrays having different principal planes together with substrates, and that switches a polarization direction of incident light corresponding to applied voltage, thereby making lens effect of either one of the lens arrays effective are included. By controlling the polarization direction synchronizing with a display timing of images to be displayed on the elemental-image display unit, the lens array to be effective is switched at each display timing, and images having different near or far direction are alternately displayed on the elemental-image display unit.

Abstract: An individual, controllable light modulator is configured with a regular pixel structure, for realizing different types of modulation. The spatial light modulator can be realized transmissively and reflectively. The light modulator contains at least one addressable, transmissive layer with a pixel structure and at least one substrate layer with retro-reflecting elements, as well as modulation control means for controlling the modulation of the pixels. The modulation control means produce a number of macropixels from at least two adjacent pixels, to which a selected modulation characteristic is assigned. The retro-reflecting elements are disposed consecutively in such a manner in the substrate layer that, in each case, a retro-reflecting element covers two adjacent pixels of a macropixel of the addressable layer, in order to direct a light bundle, incident in each case on one pixel of a macropixel, sequentially, through further pixels of the macropixel to modulate the incident light bundle.

Abstract: A projection design configured for use with a projector having a projector lens is provided. The device includes at least one pi-cell or pi-cell electro-optical modulator in combination with a wire grid polarizer mounted proximate the pi-cell(s). The design may include a cleanup polarizer between the pi-cell(s) and the wire grid polarizer and optionally a protective window between the wire grid projector and projection lens. The device may be oriented at an angle substantially differing from the axis of the projector lens. The resultant device includes spacing for airflow and can offer improved performance, particularly in heating, over designs previously available.