Abstract: The invention is directed to a device (10, 10a-10d) comprising: a set of on-chip circuits (110-160, 170, 180), each of the circuits configured to generate a magnetic field (300) perpendicular to a planar surface of the set when energized; a ferrofluidic layer (40) interfaced to the planar surface; and a logic circuit (50) configured to selectively energize (200, 200a) one ore more circuits of the set such as to generate a magnetic field at the energized circuits and a deformation (41, 44, 45) of the ferrofluidic layer in response thereto and to modulate optical beams (IR1, IR2) directed to the ferrofluid layer. Preferably, an additional liquid layer (60) is interfaced to the ferrofluid layer, opposite to the on-chip circuits, which is not miscible with the ferrofluid layer. The invention can be applied to micro-display/projection devices, programmable optical reflecting lenses, or to micro-molding applications for surface replication.

Abstract: A method for modulating light using a micro-electro-mechanical structure includes providing a plurality of deformable mirror elements (30) having an L-shaped cross section. Each of the deformable mirror elements is comprised of a pedestal (32) and an elongated ribbon (33). Each of the ribbons has a reflective surface (35). A beam of light is directed on the deformable mirror elements. The deformable mirror elements is flexed about an axis parallel to a long dimension of the ribbons to vary a curvature of at least one of the reflective ribbons.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a display is provided and includes a plurality of interferometric display elements. The display further includes at least one diffuser. Optical properties of the diffuser are selected to reduce color shift of the display when viewed from at least one angle.

Abstract: By forming a corresponding colored layer under the pixel electrode having a predetermined pattern of the electronic paper display substrate, the pattern displayed in the region where the pixel electrode and the colored layer is disposed has the color of the colored layer when displaying. Compared with the transparency color, the color of the colored layer can make the contrast of the pixel region to the non-pixel region high and display colorful pattern.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to an electromechanical display device. In one aspect, an analog interferometric modulator (AIMOD) includes a reflective display pixel having a movable reflective layer and a stationary absorber layer, the reflective layer and absorber layer defining a cavity therebetween. A color notch filter may be employed to produce an improved white state. In some implementations, the color notch filter is positioned on a side of the substrate opposite the absorber layer. In some other implementations, the color notch filter is positioned between the substrate and the movable reflective layer.

Abstract: A display system, having an emissive body, emitting light in a way that is color temperature controllable. The light emission can be from zones. The emissive body can be a FIPEL type device with a first transparent conductive coating over a light emitting substrate. The zones are each separately controllable for color temperature.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a plurality of pixels each including an array substrate, an opposite substrate, and an electrowetting layer. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a barrier wall defining a pixel area, a partition wall partitioning the pixel area into a plurality of sub-pixel areas, a hydrophobic layer disposed in the sub-pixel areas, and an electronic device controlling the electrowetting layer.

Abstract: An electrowetting display apparatus includes a first base substrate, a second base substrate which faces the first base substrate, a first electrode on the first base substrate, and a second electrode on the second base substrate, where the second electrode faces the first electrode. A barrier wall is on the first electrode, where the barrier wall defines a storage area. A surface of the first electrode and the barrier wall is overlapped by a barrier layer. In addition, a water-repellent layer is on the barrier layer which is in the storage area. First and second fluids are in the storage area, the first fluid is separate from the second fluid, and the first fluid or the second fluid has a polarity.

Abstract: A display device provided with an MEMS light valve, comprising: a substrate, a fixed optical grating located on the substrate, an MEMS light valve for controlling the opening and closing of the fixed optical grating, the MEMS light valve comprises a first light valve and a second light valve; the opening and closing of the fixed optical grating is controlled via controlling the movement of the first light valve and the second light valve, and the moving directions of the first light valve and the second light valve are opposite. Also disclosed is a method for forming a display device provided with an MEMS light valve. Thus the sensitivity of the MEMS light valve is improved.

Abstract: A colored composition includes: (A) a dye that is selected from the group consisting of a methine dye, an anthraquinone dye and an azomethine dye, and that is a mixture of stereoisomers; and (B) a non-polar solvent.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an electrowetting display device with a first support plate, a second support plate and first and second fluids immiscible with each other in a space between the support plates. The first support plate has a display region comprising multiple display areas, each display area being associated with an electrode, the coverage of the first fluid over the display areas being independently controllable.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device comprising at least one picture element including a first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with the first fluid. A protrusion arranged through the second fluid and in contact with the first fluid provides a preferential initiation of motion of part of the first fluid in a first direction and a different part of the first fluid in a second direction.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device comprising a picture element comprising a first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with the first fluid. At least one wall comprises a first surface and a second surface at different locations on a perimeter of a display area, the first surface being less wettable to the second fluid than the second surface.

Abstract: A display panel can display images or information on at least one surface side and transmit external light through a transmissive display element. The display panel includes a plurality of light-emitting elements that emit light to the one surface side and can be driven independently and a plurality of transmissive display elements that can be driven independently. Alternatively, a display panel transmits external light through a double-side light-emitting element and a transmissive display element. The display panel includes a plurality of double-side light-emitting elements that can be driven independently and a plurality of transmissive display elements that can be driven independently.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for controlling the actuation of an analog interferometric modulator. In one aspect, a voltage may be determined from a sense electrode. A distance between one or more of the electrodes may be determined based on the voltage. The sense electrode may be capacitively coupled to another electrode, and may be implemented in a mirror of a movable layer of an interferometric modulator, or may be implemented in a floating fixed layer of an interferometric modulator.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method of projecting an image, the method comprising the steps of, providing light signal which is configured such that it can be projected onto a display surface to display an image; oscillating a first reflective surface, to scan the light signal over the display surface, using an actuator which is in operable co-operation with the first reflective surface, by applying a first actuation signal to the first reflective surface, wherein a rise time or fall time of the first actuation signal is inversely proportional to a resonant frequency of oscillation of the first reflective surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrophoretic display device includes forming partition walls for defining a plurality of pixel regions on a lower substrate; filling charged particles into the plurality of pixel regions; filling a pixel solvent in the plurality of pixel regions having been filled with the charged particles; and attaching the lower substrate and an upper substrate to each other.

Abstract: A system for modulating light using a micro-electro-mechanical structure includes a plurality of deformable mirror elements (30) having an L-shaped cross section. Each of the deformable mirror elements is comprised of a pedestal (32) and an elongated ribbon (33). Each of the ribbons has a reflective surface (35). A beam of light is directed on the deformable mirror elements. The deformable mirror elements is flexed about an axis parallel to a long dimension of the ribbons to vary a curvature of at least one of the reflective ribbons.

Abstract: A photonic crystal device including a photonic crystal material and an activation surface. The photonic crystal material exhibits a first reflectance spectrum in an unactivated state, and, in response to mechanical stimulation, exhibits a second reflectance spectrum in an activated state. Application of a force at an activation portion of the activation surface offset from a material-supporting portion of the activation surface causes a deformation of the photonic crystal material sufficient to bring the photonic crystal material to the activated state.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes at least one picture element having a first support plate, a second support plate and a space between the first support plate and the second support plate. The first support plate includes a reflector for reflecting light and the second support plate includes a light diffuser.

Abstract: A colored composition includes: an azomethine pigment represented by the following Formula (1) and having a solubility in n-hexane of 1% by mass or more at 25° C. and 0.1 MPa; and a non-polar solvent: wherein, in Formula (1), Het1 represents a ring having no dissociable group and Ar represents an aromatic ring having no dissociable group or a saturated heterocycle having no dissociable group.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a first base substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the first base substrate and positioned to respectively correspond to positions of a plurality of pixels, a partition wall disposed on the first base substrate to partition the pixels, a second electrode disposed on the partition wall and including a plurality of openings, a second base substrate facing the first base substrate, and an electrowetting layer disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate, the electrowetting layer respectively being moved by voltages respectively applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a black matrix that includes a plurality of openings corresponding to pixels, respectively, a first extension portion extending in a driving direction of an electrowetting layer, the driving direction being a direction in which motion of the electrowetting layer is induced when a voltage difference is applied between a common electrode and a pixel electrode, and a partition wall that partitions the pixels. The first extension portion includes first and second areas respectively extending in opposite directions to each other and a third area having a width substantially the same as a width of the partition wall. The first area has a width less than about half of a first length corresponding to a length extending between both sides of each pixel in the driving direction, and the second area has a width less than the width of the first area.

Abstract: A micromechanical device includes a micromechanical functional structure and an electromagnetic radiation heating associated with the micromechanical functional structure, which is formed to cause a spatially and temporally defined temperature or a spatially and temporally defined temperature course in the micromechanical functional structure.

Abstract: A hermetic package comprising a substrate (110) having a surface with a MEMS structure (101) of a first height (102), the substrate hermetically sealed to a cap (120) forming a cavity over the MEMS structure; the cap attached to the substrate surface by a vertical stack (130) of metal layers adhering to the substrate surface and to the cap, the stack having a continuous outline surrounding the MEMS structure while spaced from the MEMS structure by a distance (140); the stack having a bottom metal seed film (131) adhering to the substrate with a first width (131a), and further a top metal seed film (132) adhering to the cap with a second width (132a) smaller than the first width, the top metal seed film tied to a layer (135) including gold-indium intermetallic compounds, layer (135) having a height greater than the first height.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for making and controlling single-mirror interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be multi-state IMODs or analog IMODs. In one aspect, a movable reflector stack or an absorber stack of an IMOD may include at least one protrusion that is configured to cause the movable reflector stack to be tilted relative to the absorber layer when the movable reflector stack is moved close to the absorber stack. The protrusion may be configured to cause color averaging when the IMOD is in a white state. The absorber stack may include an absorber layer having a lower extinction coefficient value at a red wavelength and a higher extinction coefficient value at a blue wavelength.

Abstract: An insulated glazing unit includes a spacer defining a framed area, first and second glazing panes attached to the spacer, a pane conductive layer on an inner surface of the first glazing pane, and a dielectric layer disposed on the pane conductive layer. A shade for use with the insulated glazing unit is affixed to the first glazing pane. The shade includes one or more layers selected from a resilient layer, a substantially transparent shade conductive layer, and an opaque shade conductive layer. When an electric drive is applied between the pane conductive layer and the shade conductive layer, a potential difference between the pane conductive layer and the shade conductive layer causes the shade to extend from a retracted configuration to an extended configuration. The shade can further include at least one ink coating layer including pigments that selectively reflect or absorb certain visible colors and infrared.

Abstract: A flexible liquid crystal display and a flexible fluid display are provided. The flexible liquid crystal display includes a first module, a second module, at least two supporting structures and a liquid crystal layer. The second module is disposed correspondingly to the first module. The supporting structures are separately disposed between the first module and the second module and used for abutting the first module and the second module, so that a space between the first module and the second module is divided into a flexible area and two non-flexible areas. The flexible area is located between the two non-flexible areas. The liquid crystal layer is disposed in the flexible area and the two non-flexible areas.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for generating images using dual-shutter shutter assemblies. Such shutter assemblies include two shutters that move over a common aperture to selectively obstruct the passage of light there through. In the closed position, portions of one of the shutters overlaps a portion of the other shutter to provide such light obstruction without the two shutters needing to come into contact.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus incorporating display elements having light modulators that can operate in more than two states. In some implementations, the light modulator assembly includes an electrostatic actuator that includes a load electrode coupled to a shutter and a drive electrode set positioned proximate to the load electrode. The drive electrode set includes a plurality of discrete portions that are configured to drive the light modulator assembly to a plurality of different light modulator states. In some such implementations, the portions of the drive electrode set are positioned opposite to corresponding regions of the load electrode. In some implementations, the portions are arranged such that the portions are configured to electrostatically engage with adjacent regions of the load electrode.

Abstract: A colored composition includes a pyrazolone methine dye having a solubility in n-hexane of 1% by mass or higher at 25° C. and 0.1 MPa and represented by the following Formula (1), and a non-polar solvent at a content of 70% by mass or higher with respect to a total mass of the colored composition.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for incorporating tip-gap adjustment features (TGAF) in actuators of shutter assemblies. The TGAF are incorporated into a drive beam of the actuator during the formation of the shutter assembly over a mold. The TGAF are configured such that they develop a mechanical stress or stress gradient. When the shutter assembly is released from the mold, the stress or stress gradient in the TGAF bend the drive beam such that a tip-gap between the drive beam and a load beam of the actuator is reduced. The reduced tip-gap, in turn, reduces an actuation voltage needed to actuate the shutter assembly.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device with first and second support plates and a seal arranged to bond the first and second support plates together. The second support plate is arranged to at least partly constrain outward movement of the seal.

Abstract: Structures for representing images comprise a plurality of tile elements which, when illuminated by a light source, each direct an amount of light toward an observer at a viewing location dependent on their orientation angles. The orientation angles of each tile element may be selected based on a characteristic of a corresponding pixel of an image, such that the observer sees a representation of that image created by the varying amount of light directed to the viewing location by the tile elements.

Abstract: An electro-wetting transmissive and interference display device with adjustable function includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode and an droplet disposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, wherein the lower electrode, the droplet and the upper electrode are disposed on a substrate, and the droplet is enclosed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode by an ink jet printing method.

Abstract: A multi-color electrophoretic display (EPD) device, an image sheet, and a method of manufacturing the same. The method of manufacturing the multi-color EPD device includes: forming capsules including photosensitive color-developing capsule shells each of which stores a dielectric fluid and at least one type of electrophoretic particles dispersed in the dielectric fluid; disposing the capsules in a unit color pixel area on a substrate; exposing the capsules to light to form a latent image of a color pattern image on the capsules; and developing the photosensitive color-developing capsule shells of the capsules to form unit color pixels including color capsules.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an electrowetting display device. The electrowetting display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to each other. A first electrode layer may dispose on the first substrate. A second electrode layer may dispose on the second substrate. A hydrophobic dielectric layer is disposed on the first electrode layer. A first pixel rib is disposed on the first substrate. A second pixel rib is disposed on the first pixel rib. A water contact angle of the second pixel rib may be larger than that of the first pixel rib. A first liquid and a second liquid may be disposed in between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating an electromechanical systems (EMS) device with spacers between plates and EMS devices formed by the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a EMS device is fabricated by laminating a front substrate and a carrier, each of which has components preformed thereon. The front substrate is provided with stationary electrodes formed thereover. A carrier including movable electrodes formed thereover is attached to the front substrate. The carrier may be released after transferring the movable electrodes to the front substrate. In other embodiments, the carrier stays over the front substrate, and serves as a backplate for the EMS device. Features are formed by deposition and patterning, by embossing, or by patterning and etching. Spacers are provided between the front substrate and the backplate to maintain a gap therebetween. The resulting EMS devices can trap smaller volumes between laminated substrates and are less susceptible to pressure variations and moisture leakage.

Abstract: Some embodiments include system and methods to obtain information for adjusting variations in features formed on a substrate of a semiconductor device. Such methods can include determining a first pupil in an illumination system used to form a first feature, and determining a second pupil used to form a second feature. The methods can also include determining a pupil portion belonging to only one of the pupils, and generating a modified pupil portion from the pupil portion. Information associated with the modified pupil portion can be obtained for controlling a portion of a projection lens assembly of an illumination system. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for displaying information by way of at least one fluid. For this purpose, the apparatus comprises at least one display element having two volumes, wherein the first volume is disposed between a transparent cover layer and a non-transparent intermediate layer and the second volume is disposed between the intermediate layer and a final layer such that only the content of the upper volume is visible. The display according to the invention further comprises at least one fluidic transition, by way of which the fluid can be transported between the two volumes. The apparatus according to the invention has an optimized space requirement, solves the problem of uneven saturation over the surface of a display element, and is additionally not sensitive to mechanical interference.

Abstract: A see-through display device (100A) according to the present invention includes a first substrate (11) and a second substrate (12) disposed opposing to each other and a light modulation layer (17) disposed between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12). The light modulation layer (17) contains at least two types of materials which come into a bleached state or a colored state depending on an applied voltage and which have visible light absorption spectra different from each other.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a thin film stack with surface-conditioning buffer layers. In one aspect, the thin film stack includes a plurality of thin film layers each having a thickness greater than about 10 nm and a plurality of surface-conditioning buffer layers each having a thickness between about 1 nm and about 10 nm. The surface-conditioning buffer layers are alternatingly disposed between the thin film layers. Each of the surface-conditioning buffer layers are formed with the same or substantially the same thickness and composition. In some implementations, the surface-conditioning buffer layers are formed by atomic layer deposition.

Abstract: In a multiple-axis free-space-coupled single-mode fiber-optic transmission system, such as an optical cross-connect switch, a method and apparatus are provided for the closed loop attenuation of optical beam power signals employed to align and cause dithering via MEMS mirrors which are manipulated to impose on the optical beam frequency modulation and, in particular, a time-varying set of induced mirror angles that yield a desired time history of optical power level that is modulated according to a digital code in the frequency modulation pattern.

Abstract: This disclosure provides mechanical layers and methods of forming the same. In one aspect, an electromechanical systems device includes a substrate and a mechanical layer having an actuated position and a relaxed position. The mechanical layer is spaced from the substrate to define a collapsible gap. The gap is in a collapsed condition when the mechanical layer is in the actuated position and in a non-collapsed condition when the mechanical layer is in the relaxed position. The mechanical layer includes a reflective layer, a conductive layer, and a supporting layer. The supporting layer is positioned between the reflective layer and the conductive layer and is configured to support the mechanical layer.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes first and second substrates facing each other and separated from each other, a cell region between the first and second substrates, the cell region including a pixel region and a reservoir region, a first fluid and a second fluid in the cell region, the first fluid being conductive and flowing according to an electrowetting principle and the second fluid being non-conductive and not mixed with the first fluid, and an electrode unit turning on and off the pixel region, the electrode unit including a pixel electrode coated with an insulating material and at least one reservoir electrode coated with the insulating material to promote flow of one of the first fluid and the second fluid into the reservoir region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display arrangement for a drug delivery device, comprising: a first display member comprising numerous surface portions having at least two different but interrelated appearances and being alternately arranged along a first direction, and a second display member comprising a light modulating structure to modulate visible light emanating from the first display member, wherein first and second display members are movably disposed relative to each other along the first direction to simultaneously reveal and/or to conceal at least two surface portions of interrelated appearance.

Abstract: An electrowetting device includes a substrate having a first face, a charged adhesion layer immobilized on the first face of the substrate and a dielectric layer bound to the charged adhesion layer. An unbound ionic liquid phase contacts the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A micro-mirror system having a micro-mirror actuator, a sensor for detecting the position of the micro-mirror actuator, a light module having at least one light source and an associated control system via which a light intensity of the light source is controllable, and an evaluation and control unit which is designed to control the micro-mirror actuator as a function of an output signal of the sensor. The system provides that the evaluation and control unit includes a compensation routine in which an offset voltage of the output signal of the sensor is settable as a function of the light intensity of the light source to be expected at the point in time that the micro-mirror actuator is activated.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes an array substrate, an opposing substrate, and an electrophoretic layer disposed between the array substrate and the opposing substrate. The array substrate includes a first base substrate having a plurality of pixel regions, and a pixel electrode having a plurality of electrode patterns disposed in each of the pixel regions. The opposing substrate includes a second base substrate positioned opposite to the first base substrate, and a common electrode disposed on a surface of the second base substrate that faces the first base substrate. The electrophoretic layer includes a plurality of polarity particles dispersed in a non-polar solvent. The common electrode includes a plurality of openings disposed in a region corresponding to each of the electrode patterns.

Abstract: The binoculars of the present invention comprise two optical units; one optical unit for each eye. Each optical unit comprises a first reflector element and a second reflector element, wherein at least one of the reflector elements is a micromirror array reflector. The binoculars of the present invention provide focusing and/or zoom functions without or with minimal macroscopic mechanical lens movement.