Abstract: A method for producing a plastic element provided with fine surface roughness is provided. In the method, etching of a surface of the plastic element is performed separately in a first step and in a second step, in the first step, fine roughness having a predetermined average value of pitch in the range from 0.05 to 1 micrometer is generated on the surface through reactive ion etching in an atmosphere of a first gas; and in the second step, an average value of depth of the fine roughness generated in the first step is adjusted to a predetermined value in the range from 0.15 to 1.5 micrometers while the predetermined average value of pitch is substantially maintained through reactive ion etching in an atmosphere of a second gas, reactivity to the plastic element of the second gas being lower than reactivity to the plastic element of the first gas.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable storage medium including: a lens and a focal reducer to receive a beam of image; a beam splitter to receive the beam of image from the focal reducer and split the beam of image into multiple directions. The system also includes a plurality of sensors coupled to the beam splitter. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to sense the beam of image within a particular band of frequencies. Further, the particular band of frequencies of a first sensor of the plurality of sensors does not overlap with the particular band of frequencies of a second sensor of the plurality of sensors. The focal reducer condenses and amplifies the beam of image to increase the sensitivity of each sensor.

Abstract: An article that includes: an inorganic oxide substrate having opposing major surfaces; and an optical film structure disposed on a first major surface of the substrate, the optical film structure comprising one or more of a silicon-containing oxide, a silicon-containing nitride and a silicon-containing oxynitride and a physical thickness from about 50 nm to less than 500 nm. The article exhibits a hardness of 8 GPa or greater measured at an indentation depth of about 100 nm or a maximum hardness of 9 GPa or greater measured over an indentation depth range from about 100 nm to about 500 nm, the hardness and the maximum hardness measured by a Berkovich Indenter Hardness Test. Further, the article exhibits a single-side photopic average reflectance that is less than 1%.

Abstract: Devices and methods to perform Raman spectroscopy with a structured excitation profile to obtain a Raman excitation map. A device includes a broadband light source to emit a broadband light beam and excitation optics to disperse the broadband light beam to strike a sample as incident light according to a structured excitation profile. The device further includes analysis optics to collect scattered light scattered by the incident light striking the sample, block Rayleigh scatter from the collected scattered light in a manner complementary to the structured excitation profile, and direct Raman scatter from the collected scattered light to a sensor to generate a signal to form a Raman excitation map.

Abstract: A LiDAR system includes a steering system and a light source. In some cases, the steering system includes a rotatable polygon with reflective sides and/or a dispersion optic. The light source produces light signals, such as light pulses. In some cases, the light sources products light pulses at different incident angles and/or different wavelengths. The steering system scans the light signals. In some cases, the light pulses are scanned based on the wavelength of the light pulses.

Abstract: A removable lens stack comprises a base layer including a substrate and an antistatic coating comprising quaternary ammonium cations on a first side of the substrate and one or more removable lens layers stacked on top of the base layer. Each removable lens layer may include a substrate, an antistatic coating comprising quaternary ammonium cations on a first side of the substrate, and an adhesive on a second side of the substrate opposite the first side. The one or more removable lens layers may be stacked on top of the base layer such that the second side of the substrate of each removable lens layer faces the first side of the substrate of an immediately preceding layer. Refractive indices of the substrate of the base layer, the substrate of each removable lens layer, and the adhesive of each removable lens layer may be matched (e.g., to within 0.2).

Abstract: Provided is a composition for forming a hard coating layer, which includes an epoxy siloxane resin, a crosslinking agent including a compound having an alicyclic epoxy group, a thermal initiator including a compound represented by a specific chemical formula, a photoinitiator, a fluorine-substituted (meth)acrylate compound, and silica nanoparticles surface-modified with a fluorine compound, and forms a hard coating layer having excellent hardness and antifouling property and suppressing curling.

Abstract: There is provided a double-sided copper-clad laminate for forming a capacitor that can exhibit excellent properties in voltage endurance and peel strength, while ensuring high capacitor capacity, when used as a capacitor. This double-sided copper-clad laminate includes an adhesive layer and a copper foil in order on each of both surfaces of a resin film, the resin film is in a cured state at 25° C., and each of the copper foils has a maximum peak height Sp of 0.05 ?m or more and 3.3 ?m or less as measured in accordance with ISO 25178 on a surface on a side being in contact with the adhesive layer.

Abstract: According to some aspects, a medical imaging system is provided. The medical imaging system includes an illumination device and a medical imaging device. The illumination device includes a first light source configured to emit first light having a wavelength range. The illumination device further includes a second light source configured to emit second light having at least one predetermined wavelength band. The at least one predetermined wavelength band is within the wavelength range. The illumination device further includes a dichroic mirror configured to attenuate a portion of the wavelength range corresponding to the at least one predetermined wavelength band and to multiplex the second light with the first light such that the portion of the wavelength range of the first light is attenuated. The light multiplexed by the dichroic mirror is emitted from the illumination device along an optical axis and irradiates an observation site.

Abstract: An antireflection film is provided on a substrate and includes an interlayer, a silver-containing metal layer containing silver, and a dielectric layer, which are laminated in this order on a side of a substrate, in which the interlayer is a multilayer film having at least two layers in which a layer of high refractive index having a relatively high refractive index and a layer of lower refractive index having a relatively low refractive index are alternately laminated, the dielectric layer has a surface exposed to air, and the dielectric layer is a multilayer film including a silicon-containing oxide layer, a magnesium fluoride layer, and an adhesion layer provided between the silicon-containing oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer and configured to increase adhesiveness between the silicon-containing oxide layer and the magnesium fluoride layer.

Abstract: A flexible substrate and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The flexible substrate includes a substrate and an alignment layer. The alignment layer is disposed on the substrate and is in direct contact with the substrate. The alignment layer includes an alignment material and a plurality of core-shell particles. The core-shell particles are suspended in a surface layer of the alignment layer. The core-shell particles are decomposed when the alignment material is cured by heat to simultaneously generate a plurality of hollow structures that are approximately same size as the core-shell particles in the alignment layer, thereby forming an anti-reflection layer. The anti-reflection layer is configured to refract and block light from entering the substrate.

Abstract: A dielectric multilayer film-incorporated glass plate is disclosed that includes a glass plate and a dielectric multilayer film. The glass plate includes a corner surface located between at least one main surface and a side surface. The dielectric multilayer film includes a main surface covering portion that covers the main surface of the glass plate and a corner surface covering portion that covers the corner surface of the glass plate.

Abstract: An anti-reflective waveguide assembly comprising a waveguide substrate having a first index of refraction, a plurality of diffractive optical elements disposed upon a first surface of the waveguide and an anti-reflective coating disposed upon a second surface of the waveguide. The anti-reflective coating preferably increases absorption of light through a surface to which it is applied into the waveguide so that at least 97 percent of the light is transmitted. The anti-reflective coating is composed of four layers of material having different indices of refraction that the first index of refraction and an imaginary refractive index less than 1×10?3 but preferably less than 5×10?4.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a backplane, an array of light emitting diodes attached to a front side of the backplane, a transparent conductive layer contacting front side surfaces of the light emitting diodes, an optical bonding layer located over a front side surface of the transparent conductive layer, a transparent cover plate located over a front side surface of the optical bonding layer, and a black matrix layer including an array of openings therethrough, and located between the optical bonding layer and the transparent cover plate.

Abstract: A first coating is provided on a first side of a glass substrate, and a second coating is provided on a second side of the glass substrate, directly or indirectly. The coatings are designed to reduce color change of the overall coated article, from the perspective of a viewer, upon heat treatment (e.g., thermal tempering and/or heat strengthening) and/or to have respective reflective coloration that substantially compensates for each other. For instance, from the perspective of a viewer of the coated article, the first coating may experience a positive a* color value shift due to heat treatment (HT), while the second coating experiences a negative a* color shift due to the HT. Thus, from the perspective of the viewer, color change due to HT (e.g., thermal tempering) can be reduced or minimized, so that non-heat-treated versions and heat treated versions of the coated article appear similar to the viewer.

Abstract: An imprint lithography method of configuring an optical layer includes imprinting first features of a first order of magnitude in size on a side of a substrate with a patterning template, while imprinting second features of a second order of magnitude in size on the side of the substrate with the patterning template, the second features being sized and arranged to define a gap between the substrate and an adjacent surface.

Abstract: A touch screen assembly and an electronic device are provided. The touch screen assembly comprises a first thin film layer, a conductive layer and a second thin film layer stacked together from bottom to top, and a base wherein the first film layer is disposed on the base. A difference value of refractive index between the base and the conductive layer is 0˜0.6, thus improving light transmittance, reducing influence to visual effects and improving touch screen quality.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an anti-reflective film including: a hard coating layer; and a low-refractive layer containing a binder resin, and hollow inorganic nanoparticles and solid inorganic nanoparticles which are dispersed in the binder resin, wherein the low-refractive layer includes a first layer containing at least 70 vol % of the entire solid inorganic nanoparticles and a second layer containing at least 70 vol % of the entire hollow inorganic nanoparticles, and at the time of fitting polarization ellipticity measured by ellipsometry for the first layer or/and the second layer included in the low-refractive layer using a Cauchy model represented by the following General Equation 1, the second layer satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present application are directed towards a resistive random-access memory (RRAM) cell comprising a barrier layer to constrain the movement of metal cations during operation of the RRAM cell. In some embodiments, the RRAM cell further comprises a bottom electrode, a top electrode, a switching layer, and an active metal layer. The switching layer, the barrier layer, and the active metal layer are stacked between the bottom and top electrodes, and the barrier layer is between the switching and active metal layers. The barrier layer is conductive and has a lattice constant less than that of the active metal layer.

Abstract: Provided are optical modulators and devices including the optical modulators. The optical modulator may include an optical modulation layer that includes a phase change material. A first electrode may be provided on a first surface of the optical modulation layer. A second electrode may be provided on a second surface of the optical modulation layer. A first phase controlling layer may be provided, the first electrode being disposed between the first phase controlling layer and the optical modulation layer. A second phase controlling layer may be provided, the second electrode being disposed between the second phase controlling layer and the optical modulation layer. Each of the first and the second phase controlling layers may have an optical thickness corresponding to an odd multiple of ?/4, where ? is a wavelength of incident light to be modulated by the optical modulator. The optical modulator may further include at least one reflective layer.

Abstract: An inkjet is used to fabricate an optical device having a varying refractive index. The inkjet deposits a first material having a first refractive index and a second material having a second refractive index in a pattern on a substrate. The first material and/or the second material are processed to form an optical device having a refractive index that varies in one or two dimensions. The optical device is used in a virtual-reality system or augmented-reality system to provide angular selectivity from display to a user's eye.

Abstract: To provide an antireflection film that is excellent in color uniformity while suppressing the reflectance.

Abstract: An optical member includes a laminated body configured to reduce light reflection disposed on a substrate, wherein a surface of the laminated body is a porous layer or a layer having a textured structure, and at least one layer of the laminated body is a polymer layer containing a linear polymer and a branched polymer. A method for manufacturing the optical member is also provided. The branched polymer content is 10% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less of the total weight of the linear polymer and the branched polymer. The layer having a textured structure contains crystals mainly composed of aluminum oxide.

Abstract: A self-cleaning film system includes a substrate and a film. The film includes a monolayer formed from a fluorinated material, and a first plurality of regions disposed within the monolayer and spaced apart from one another such that each of the regions abuts, is surrounded by, and is not covered by the fluorinated material. Each of the regions includes a photocatalytic material. The system also includes a wave guide disposed adjacent the substrate. The wave guide includes a first light source configured for emitting a first portion of electromagnetic radiation towards the film having an ultraviolet wavelength of from 10 nm to 400 nm, and a second light source configured for emitting a second portion of electromagnetic radiation towards the film having an infrared wavelength of from 700 nm to 1 mm. A method of forming a self-cleaning film system configured for reducing a visibility of a contaminant is disclosed.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for a camera module with an image sensor is provided. The optical arrangement includes optical components having a transparent cover element; an infrared absorbing cut-off filter; and an optical lens. The optical components are arranged, along an incident optical beam path going through the optical components onto the image sensor, in a sequence through the transparent cover element, then the infrared absorbing cut-off filter, and then the optical lens.

Abstract: An antireflection film includes a first layer including hollow particles. The first layer includes the hollow particles, a binder, and a fluorine compound; has a refractive index of 1.22 to 1.30; and has a contact angle between the surface thereof and n-hexadecane of 50° to 70°.

Abstract: A system provides light received from NV diamond material to an optical collector. The provision of light received from NV diamond material to an optical collector impacts the efficiency by which light is directed to the optical collector. The system may be employed to efficiently direct light from the NV diamond material to the optical collector.

Abstract: A radiation shield comprises a substrate polymer layer, a conductive layer having an aperture providing access to a front face of a cellular telephone, adjacent the substrate polymer layer, and an adhesion surface adjacent the conductive layer and the front face. A radiation shield comprising a first substrate polymer layer, a conductive layer having an aperture providing access to a touch-sensitive screen of the front face, adjacent the first substrate polymer layer, a second substrate polymer layer adjacent the conductive layer, and an adhesion surface adjacent the conductive layer and the front face. At least one opening provides access to the front face.

Abstract: A self-cleaning film system includes a substrate and an anti-reflection film disposed on the substrate. The anti-reflection film includes a first sheet formed from titanium dioxide, a second sheet formed from silicon dioxide and disposed on the first sheet, and a third sheet formed from titanium dioxide and disposed on the second sheet. The system includes a self-cleaning film disposed on the anti-reflection film and including a monolayer disposed on the third sheet and formed from a fluorinated material selected from the group consisting of fluorinated organic compounds, fluorinated inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof. The self-cleaning film includes a plurality of regions disposed within the monolayer such that each of the plurality of regions abuts and is surrounded by the fluorinated material and includes a photocatalytic material. The system includes an adhesive layer adhered to the substrate and a release liner affixed to and removable from the adhesive layer.

Abstract: An ophthalmic lens comprising an antireflective stack which strongly reduces reflection in the UV range and in the visible range. The antireflective stack comprises composite high index layers comprising zirconium oxide and another metal oxide.

Abstract: An optical filter includes: an absorption layer containing a first near-infrared absorbent having a maximum absorption in a wavelength of 660 to 785 nm, and satisfying (i-1) in 620 to 670 nm, on a shorter wavelength side of a wavelength ? (DA_Tmin) exhibiting the maximum absorption, there is a wavelength ?Sh (DA_T50%) at which a transmittance becomes 50%; and a reflection layer formed of a dielectric multilayered film satisfying (ii-1) in 670 to 1200 nm, there is a near-infrared reflection band in which a transmittance with respect to light at an incident angle of 0° becomes 50% or less, and a wavelength ?Sh (A2_Ts50%) at which a transmittance of light of an s polarization component out of light at an incident angle of 30° becomes 50%, on a shorter wavelength side of the near-infrared reflection band, is positioned on a longer wavelength side of the wavelength ?Sh (DA_T50%).

Abstract: A multilayer, metallized, laminate film employed to form in-mold labels, includes first and second multilayer structures adhesively bonded together. The first multilayer structure (12) includes a polymer core layer (16) and first and second outer polymer layers on opposed sides of the core layer. The first outer polymer layer (18) includes a metal layer (22) thereon, and the second polymer layer (20) having an outer matte surface that is adapted, in the in-mold label formed from laminate film, to engage and bond to a molded article. The second multilayer structure (14) is a clear structure including a core layer (16?) and first (18?) and second (20?) outer polymer layers on opposed sides of the core layer. The bonded interface of the first and second multilayer structures is free of any printed indicia or other graphics. Preferably both outer surfaces of the film are bottom outer layers and include matte surfaces.

Abstract: Techniques and compositions are described for reflective coatings and pigments for reflecting electromagnetic radiation, such as visible and solar near-infrared light. In one aspect, a reflective coating includes a base layer having a reflective surface, and an absorber layer formed on the reflective surface of the base layer, in which the reflective coating provides an average reflectance of electromagnetic radiation for wavelengths in the range of 900 nm to 2500 nm irradiated upon the reflective coating greater than substantially 70%, and provides an average reflectance of electromagnetic radiation for wavelengths in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm irradiated upon the reflective coating of less than 40%.

Abstract: Provided herein is a high intensity discharge light source having a thermally insulative and optically transparent sleeve for maintaining or enhancing a spectral performance parameter. The configuration of the sleeve provides an insulative volume that allows an elevated steady state operating temperature to be reached, even when the light source is cooled. The sleeve is also configured to withstand a bulb failure event, thereby protecting the surrounding environment from falling debris. Also provided herein are methods for dissipating heat from the light source without adversely affecting the bulb operating temperature or the enhanced spectral performance parameter.

Abstract: Certain films comprising polyethylene and poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate) have unique aesthetic or performance properties.

Abstract: A sample container cap is disclosed. The sample cap container includes a sample cap body capable of covering an opening of a sample container and a centrifugation status indicator device in the top of the sample cap body. The centrifugation status indicator device includes: a first substance having a first density and a first color, and a second substance having a second density and a second color. The centrifugation status indicator device displays the first substance when the sample container has been centrifuged. The first substance can be a gel, and the second substance can include a plurality of particles. The second density is higher than the first density and the second color is different from the first color.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a structure having a transparent fine uneven structural body formed by hot water treatment, in which a finer uneven structure is formed. Provided is a method of manufacturing a structure, the method being for manufacturing a structure including a substrate, and a transparent fine uneven structural body which is formed on a surface of the substrate by hot water treatment, including: a first step of forming a precursor film of the transparent fine uneven structural body on the substrate; a second step of forming a fine uneven structure on a surface of the precursor film; and a third step of subjecting, to hot water treatment, the precursor film on which the fine uneven structure is formed to form the transparent fine uneven structural body in which a peak value ?0 of space frequency of the unevenness of the fine uneven structure formed in the second step satisfies ? <?0 (Expression I).

Abstract: A method for producing a reflection-reducing layer system on a substrate and a reflection-reducing layer system are disclosed. According to an embodiment the method includes depositing a refractive index gradient layer on the substrate by co-evaporation of an inorganic material and an organic material, wherein the refractive index gradient layer has a refractive index which decreases in a growth direction, depositing an organic layer above the refractive index gradient layer, and producing a nanostructure in the organic layer by a plasma etching process.

Abstract: A laminated body includes: an antireflection film; and a protection film bonded onto the antireflection film. The adhesive layer is a layer with a material formed by cross-linking, with a cross-linking agent (B), and a (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer. The (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer (A) is a copolymer formed by polymerizing monomer components including, in relation to the total amount of the monomer components set at 100% by mass, 70 to 98% by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer (a) including a noncyclic alkyl group containing 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 1.5 to 25% by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer (b) containing an aliphatic ring, and 0.5 to 5% by mass of a (meth)acrylic-based monomer (c) containing a functional group exhibiting reactivity with the cross-linking agent (B). The area proportion of the components each having a molecular weight of 100,000 or less, is less than 3.0%.

Abstract: This disclosure provides photovoltaic cells and substrates with three dimensional optical architectures and methods of manufacturing the same. In particular, the disclosure relates to a continuously formed photovoltaic substrate, and to systems, devices, methods and uses for such a product, including the collection of solar energy.

Abstract: There are provided an inorganic film in which the light transmittance is not decreased also when the inorganic film is laminated on organic material such as a resin, and a laminate. An inorganic film 13 which comprises a refractive index gradient film 13a having a refractive index changing continuously from n1 to n2 (n1<n2) and being a functional film; and a refractive index gradient film 13b having a refractive index changing continuously from n3 to n4 (n4<n3) and being a functional film, and in which further, a difference between n2 and n3 is 0.1 or less.

Abstract: To provide a near infrared cutoff filter capable of suppressing an influence to a captured image when the incidence angle of light to the near infrared cutoff filter is large. The near infrared cutoff filter comprises a substrate to transmit at least light in the visible wavelength region and, on at least one side of the substrate, an infrared reflective layer constituted by a layered film having a high refractive index film H and a low refractive index film L repeatedly laminated, or a layered film having a high refractive index film H, an intermediate refractive index film M and a low refractive index film L? repeatedly laminated, and has light transmittance characteristics such that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the decrease rates in average transmittance in region R, region G and region B, is at most 0.05.

Abstract: A coated article includes a temperable antireflection (AR) coating that utilizes medium and low index (index of refraction “n”) layers having compressive residual stress in the AR coating. In certain example embodiments, the coating may include the following layers from the glass substrate outwardly: silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) medium index layer/high index layer/low index layer. In certain example embodiments, depending on the chemical and optical properties of the high index layer and the substrate, the medium and low index layers of the AR coating are selected to cause a net compressive residual stress.

Abstract: An optical layered body including: a substrate layer; a first adhesive layer disposed on one surface of the substrate layer; and a second adhesive layer disposed on an opposite surface of the first adhesive layer to the substrate layer, wherein the second adhesive layer includes particles that are capable of scattering light, and a refractive index n1 of the first adhesive layer and a refractive index n2 of the second adhesive layer satisfy 1.40?n1?1.50, 1.47?n2?1.85, and 0<n2?n1?0.45.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a double-sided polarizing plate and a double-sided polarizing plate manufactured using the same are provided. The method of manufacturing a double-sided polarizing plate includes attaching transparent films to both surfaces of a polarizer by means of adhesive layers, irradiating the adhesive layers with active energy rays emitted by an energy source disposed in a single direction with respect to the polarizer, and thermally treating a surface of the transparent film disposed opposite to the energy source at a temperature of 25° C. to 65° C.

Abstract: An optical component includes: a base material; and an antireflection film, which includes a titanium oxide layer composed mainly of titanium oxide and containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Si, Zr, Ta, Al, and Hf as an accessory component, and a silicon oxide layer composed mainly of silicon oxide. The element as the accessory component is preferably an element which constitutes a composite oxide with titanium. The content of the accessory component in the titanium oxide layer is preferably 0.01 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: An anti-reflection film includes first through ninth layers. Regarding light having a wavelength of 550 nm, where the refractive indexes of the first through ninth layers are n1 through n9 respectively, the optical film thicknesses d1 through d9 (nm) respectively, and the maximum value of the difference in the refractive index between adjoining layers for layers 1 through 8 is ?n, the following conditions are satisfied. 1.60?n1?1.70, 15 nm?d1?140 nm, 2.00?n2?2.40, 20 nm?d2?120 nm, 1.60?n3?1.70, 11 nm?d3?70 nm, 2.00?n4?2.40, 20 nm?d4?165 nm, 1.60?n5?1.70, 15 nm?d5?45 nm, 2.00?n6?2.40, 90 nm?d6?175 nm, 1.60?n7?1.70, 50 nm?d7?110 nm, 2.00?n8?2.40, 20 nm?d8?50 nm, 1.20?n9?1.28, 140 nm?d9?160 nm, and 0.40??n?0.67.

Abstract: This invention relates to a window designed to prevent or reduce bird collisions therewith. In certain example embodiments, the window may include an insulating glass (IG) window unit having first and second substrates spaced apart from one another, wherein at least one of the substrates supports an ultraviolet (UV) reflecting coating for reflecting UV radiation so that birds are capable of more easily seeing the window. By making the window more visible to birds, bird collisions and thus bird deaths can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical article having antireflection properties, optionally antistatic properties, having a high thermal and abrasion resistance, as well as the method for producing the same. The article of the invention comprises a substrate and, starting from the substrate: a sub-layer comprising a SiO2-based layer, said SiO2-based layer having a thickness greater than or equal to 75 nm et free from Al2O3; and a multilayered antireflection coating comprising a stack consisting in at least one high refractive index layer and at least one low refractive index layer, all the low refractive index layers of which comprising a mixture of SiO2 and Al2O3, and the high refractive index layers of which are not layers that do absorb in the visible region comprising a substoichiometric titanium oxide and reducing the relative visible light transmission factor (Tv) of the optical article by at least 10% as compared to a same article without any of said visible light absorbing layers.

Abstract: An optical sheet, a backlight unit having the optical sheet, and a display device having the backlight unit are discussed. According to an embodiment, the optical sheet includes a base film; a high refractive index layer having a plurality of prism portions on the base film; and a low refractive index layer positioned on the high refractive index layer, and covering the plurality of prism portions and having a surface parallel to the base film, each of the prism portions including an incidence surface on which incident light is refracted and a reflective surface on which the refracted light is reflected, the incidence surface including a bent for refracting the incident light towards the reflective surface.