Abstract: Material such as chewing gum is treated to reduce its density by working it and feeding it through a twin-screw corotating extruder configured to provide flow at first and second longitudinal rates, pulling in a plane normal to the axis of flow, and further working and homogenization.

Abstract: A method for producing powder mixtures capable of inducing an even more intimate, microhomogeneous intermixing in a heterogeneous powder composed of at least two types of powders. The method is effective even for the mixing of an aggregable powder and a nonaggregable powder. According to the method, a heterogeneous powder composed of at least two type of powders that have been preliminarily mixed by stirring is introduced into an inlet while a rotating axle is turning and is axially transported within a cylinder by a screw. As the heterogeneous powder passes between rotating disks and fixed disks, it is subjected to a highly efficient mixing by compression and shear forces due to a sliding-shear action exerted between depressions and elevations installed on the opposing surfaces of the rotating disks and fixed disks. The mixture passes in sequence through multiple stages of the rotating and fixed disks. A powder mixture, which has been microhomogeneously interdispersed, is discharged from the outlet.

Abstract: A screw kneader for a plastic material in which a pair of longitudinal screws are rotatably mounted in respective bores for conveying plastic material through the kneader. The screws have spaced portions for advancing the plastic material from an inlet region to an outlet region and between the spaced portions is a section with reversed threads opposing plastic flow to effect mixing of the plastic material. The threads of the intermediate section are provided with openings to permit passage of up to 20% of said plastic material in the direction of advance. Transfer elements with helical threads connect opposite ends of the threads in the intermediate section with the threads of the inlet and outlet regions. The transfer elements of the two screws mutually engage one another to strip plastic material from one another and from the walls of the bores.

Abstract: A continuous, self-wiping, multiple parallel shaft processing and/or extruding system wherein material is charged to a barrel in which the shafts extend at one end and discharged at another. The barrel has an interior chamber defined by parallel intersecting cylinders providing generally V-shaped saddles at their confluence, and parallel shaft rotate within the cylinders at the same speed of rotation and in the same direction of rotation Radially co-wiping helical processing elements are fixed respectively on the shafts and are configured to also wipe the walls of said cylinders. A vent for egressing volatiles leads from the chamber, and a vent bypass passage has a first section leading from the chamber upstream from the vent, a midsection extending coextensively with the chamber within the barrel, and a return section returning to the chamber.

Abstract: A method of constructing or reconstituting a shaft and paddle assembly for mixers and processors wherein radially aligned paddles on parallel shafts revolving at the same speed in the same direction of rotation both co-wipe and completely wipe the interior of the barrel of the mixer or processor which has a mixer chamber comprising interconnecting cylindrical bores. The co-wiping paddles are formed with paddle bores of a configuration comprising alternating lobular projections and root recesses, and arcuate corner portions on the lobular projections and root recesses. The arcuate corner portions of the projections are tangential to the arcuate corner portions of the root recesses. The shafts are formed with intermeshing matching projections and root recesses.

Abstract: A double worm extruder for kneading units along the worms which are rotatable in the same sense. Each kneading unit has three or more circumferentially offset polygonal disks which have sealing surfaces at diametrically opposite locations closely juxtaposed with the inner wall of the housing. These sealing disks are flanked by edges which are inclined to the axes of the worms so as to insure greater flow cross sections past the disks and thereby avoid shear peaks in the extruded material and thermal decomposition thereof.

Abstract: A twin screw extruder for processing plastic material having a housing provided with a plurality of juxtaposed housing segments arranged axially in succession and defining two longitudinal, overlapping bores respectively containing two coaxially arranged extruder screws, rotatable about respective longitudinal axes, and having intermeshing threads. One of the housing segments serves as a degassing housing segment for degassing the plastic material and it is connected to a degassing chamber. The degassing housing segment has a transverse, radial opening in which an insert member is fitted, the insert member having a degassing opening providing communication between the degassing chamber and the bores in the housing. The degassing opening tapers in widening fashion in the direction from the longitudinal bores to the degassing chamber, and the degassing opening has a longitudinal axis disposed in a plane passing through the longitudinal axes of the screws.

Abstract: A rotor (5) particularly for mixing machines of internal type (1) for elastomers and plastomers, equipped with at least one pair of blades (6) each projecting from the cylindrical hub of rotor (5) starting from flank (5c) of the rotor and set helically thereon, in which at least one of such blades (6) has at least one split delimited by two blade sections (6a, 6'a; 6b, 6'b; 8a, 8'a; 8b, 8'b; 10a, 10'a) located parallel to one another, one section (6a, 6b, 8a, 8b, 10a) having one of its ends located at flank (5c) of rotor (5) and at least one section (6a, 6'b, 8'a, 8'b, 10'a) being separated from the previous one or located on the same helix or on parallel helices to create at least one passage opening (7) capable of bringing about diversion of the flow of material during mixing.

Abstract: Baker's dough moves from feed hopper (21) through dough inlet opening (25) into auger housing (19). Reduced pressure is maintained in the auger housing by gas exhaust port (28) and vacuum pump (27). The depth and amplitude of the helical cavity (31) in the pumping section (34) of the auger (20) is greater than the depth and amplitude of the helical cavity (33) in the gas exhaust section (35) of the auger, so that more resistance is applied by the interior cylindrical surface (29) of the auger housing to the dough in the gas exhaust section (35) than in the pumping section (34). Therefore, the dough does not clog the gas exhaust port, allowing increased vacuum to be applied to the housing, thereby firmly drawing dough to the auger. Additionally, transverse dough feed and transverse dough exhaust with respect to length of the auger tends to reduce the tendency of the dough to move circumferentially with the rotation of the auger, thereby enhancing the pumping efficiency of the auger.

Abstract: Multi-screw, continuous mixing and kneading machine for plasticizable compounds with screws, which rotate in a housing and which penetrate the cylindrical housing section, enclosing the screw concerned, and exhibit feed and discharge zones and intermediate melting, mixing and kneading zones, where the feed and discharge zones are formed by intermeshing screws that rotate in the same direction, and kneading elements are disposed in the melting, mixing and kneading zones. The kneading elements comprise axially extended polygons, whose surfaces are approximately flat and whose edges travel by one another with small clearance relative to the envelopes of the respective other polygon so as not to intermesh while rotating, where the edges of the housing section enveloping them maintain a distance that is significantly greater than the clearance.

Abstract: A machine for manufacturing thermoplastic polymers including a plurality of coaxial components adjacent to and made integral with one another, the components forming a longitudinal chamber receiving a pair of interacting shafts having portions correspondingly differentiated to provide sections for feeding and premixing the compound, thus forming a single assembly with coaxial components capable for carrying out full processing of the compound from the raw material to extrusion, without discontinuity of sequence.

Abstract: A plastifier extruder of the double-screw type has a slide plate shiftable toward and away from the screws at an acute angle to the axes thereof in a chamber having a trapezoidal axial cross section between extreme positions in which a surface of the plate parallel to the axes lies along one long side of the trapezoid and another limiting position in which the surface lies along the other long side of the trapezoid.

Abstract: The barrel (20) comprises at least two intersecting lobes (21a,21b) of cylindrical bores having parallel axes each corresponding to a screw and defining in the region of their intersection at least two longitudinal parallel edges (22). Each lobe comprises at least one shearing zone (23a,23b) adapted to cooperate with a shearing element mounted on the respective screws. The shearing zone (23a,23b) of each lobe is formed by least one groove (24a,24b) extending in the direction of the flow of the material and provided on the inner side of the barrel (20), the groove providing therebetween and each edge (22) a portion of a continuous surface of the cylindrical bore forming the corresponding lobe.

Abstract: The new invention proposes a new method and a device for the production of dough, particularly for pasta. The formation of dough from the dry raw materials to the finished pressed products is effected in a very short time in two stages. A raw dough is first produced in a 2-shaft mixing kneader; this dough has a substantially complete protein structure. The forming of the dough, including the mixing of the raw materials, takes place by means of an interplay of kneading and shearing, but without extrusion die pressure at the end of the first stage. In the case of classic pasta, the dough which is produced in pieces by the short 2-shaft mixing kneader is transferred to a long single-shaft press and pressed with high pressure to form the desired shapes.

Abstract: An elastomer masterbatch or a compounded productive elastomer stock is made using a twin screw extruder to mix elastomer components in multiple mixing zones at controlled temperatures. Elastomer and other ingredients are fed into the twin screw extruder continuously through precise loss-in-weight or volumetric feeders. The degradation temperature and/or cross linking temperature of the elastomer determines the rate at which the elastomer can be processed, since friction created during mixing heats the elastomer. Accordingly, the maximum rate of compounding is a function of the torque limit, cooling efficiency, and conveying capacity of the extruder. The conveying capacity and torque limit are also a function of the size of the extruder. The viscosity of the elastomer compound in the extruder, as measured by a Mooney viscosimeter (ASTM D1646), is typically in the range of about 20 to 250 units (ML(1+4)100C).

Abstract: An extrusion device for processing thermoplastic plastics material and rubber has a housing and primary screw means rotatably mounted therein. The device includes a discharge zone in which a sleeve member provided with external flights is mounted on a bearing shaft so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis, which sleeve member is drivable by the primary screw means but in an opposite direction thereto so as to increase the discharge pressure acting on the material being processed.

Abstract: A resin extruder in which the degree-of-kneading of the resin can be effectively controlled. The invention can be applied to both a single-screw extruder and a twin-screw extruder. In either case, blocking walls are formed around a cylindrical portion of the screw or screws just upstream of the kneading section. A valve structure is provided in the walls to control the kneading of resin at the kneading section.

Abstract: A method for the continuous preparation of a chewing gum mass is disclosed which includes reducing the agglomerations of the solid ingredients contained in the gum mass in minimum time. The method includes introducing powdered chewing gum ingredients and a first portion of a liquid gum base into an extruder and forming a premix and thereafter combining the premix with a second portion of gum base. The premix and second portion of gum base are then extruded over a distance and in a unidirectional flow to provide a substantially homogeneous chewing gum mass having minimal agglomerations of powdered chewing gum ingredients. In a preferred embodiment, the chewing gum mass is cooled during the unidirectional flow to the exit port to allow rolling, scoring and wrapping of the exiting chewing gum without requiring a separate cooling step.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a fibrous fish or shellfish neriseihin product comprised mainly of a bundle of fibrous filaments, each of which includes protein or the like being linearly aligned and a thin surface layer covering over the bundle of the filaments. The apparatus includes a twin screw extruder including two screws rotated in the same direction for kneading, pressurizing and thermally fusing a fish and shellfish material as it is forcibly fed by the screws and for extruding the thermally fused material from an outlet of the extruder.

Abstract: With reference to FIG. 1, a continuous mixer 1 comprises a housing 2 formed with intersecting cylindrical chambers 3 and 4, and a pair of substantially parallel shafts 5 and 6, mounted for rotation within the housing. Paddle members 10 and 11 are mounted on the shafts 5 and 6 so that when the shafts are rotated, each in the same direction, the peripheral parts of the paddle members on one shaft are wiped by the cooperating parts of the paddle members on the other shaft, and vice versa. As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, the end faces of each paddle member are formed with lobes, the number of lobes at one end face of the member being different to that at the opposite end face. The arrangement results in continuous distribution, re-orientation and dispersal of material flowing through the mixer.

Abstract: A method for continuous production of a chewing gum slab in the absence of separate cooling is disclosed. The method includes introducing chewing gum ingredients and gum base into an extruder and extrusion mixing the ingredients with the gum base over a distance to provide a substantially homogeneous chewing gum mass. The mass is also cooled over the distance so that the chewing gum slab is provided which is suitable for rolling and scoring is extruding into a rope without a separate cooling step.

Abstract: A single or twin-screw device is used to incorporate additives in a thermoplastic plastics material melt. The or each barrel of the extruder includes a first feed aperture for the introduction of the melt and a second feed aperture downstream thereof for the introduction of the additives. A screw is mounted on a shaft in each barrel and includes a core and a helical flight. In the region of the second feed aperture, the flight is replaced by alternating disc members and spacer members mounted on the shaft. The diameter or major dimension of the disc members is approximately equal to the combined diameter of the screw core and its flight while the diameter of the spacer members is approximately equal to that of the screw core. The disc members have profiled downstream faces. The disc and spacing members increase mixing and consequently throughput in the region of the second feed aperture.

Abstract: A twin screw extruder with a material homogenizing unit is the subject of this disclosure. Two extruder screws are located within a housing positioned and configured so that screw turns and screw lands of a first screw mesh with respective screw lands and screw turns of a second screw. A homogenizing zone housing is connected to the dual cylinder housing. Two cell rotors are connected to respective extruder screws and are located within the homogenizing zone housing. A plurality of radially distributed cell walls may be disposed on each cell rotor defining a plurality of open conveyor cells where the cell rotors and cell walls of each rotor are configured to mesh a cell wall with an opposing conveyor cell. The cell walls may be arranged with a slope differing from a slope of the extruder screws. The cell walls may be arranged parallel to or at an angle to an axis of said cell rotors.

Abstract: An extruder operating to continuously mix, at least partially bake and extrude a preselected formulation of ingredients to provide an at least partially baked output product which, upon final baking, exhibits a cookie-like crumb structure with structural integrity. The extruder includes an added water inlet port downstream from a feed port means. A screw-type element is rotatably arranged in the extruder to vigorously mix and convey at least certain ingredients of the preselected formulation, including flour and oil, input through the feed port means, wherein the total water content, by weight, of the ingredients is less than a preselected amount. A temperature control means operates to heat treat the ingredients upstream from the added water inlet port during the vigorous mixing and conveyance by the screw-type element.

Abstract: In an extruder for processing material to form an extruded product, the extruder including an elongated extruder barrel having a material inlet end and an outlet end remote from the inlet end, and a pair of elongated, axially co-rotatable, flighted extrusion screws within the barrel for moving materials from the inlet end towards and through the outlet end, the barrel is provided with a pair of parallel bores which are formed with spiral grooved surfaces along at least a portion of their lengths. An inlet opening is provided adjacent the inlet end of the barrel such that one of the co-rotating screws of the extruder rotates in a direction outward and downward from the inlet opening and the other screw rotates upward and toward the inlet opening. The bore receiving the upturning screw is provided with a smooth surface region adjacent the opening which prevents material entering the inlet opening from being delivered back into the opening by the upturning screw.

Abstract: An extruder operating to continuously mix, at least partially bake and extrude a preselected formulation of ingredients to provide an at least partially baked output produce which, upon final baking, exhibits a cookie-like crumb structure with structural integrity. The extruder includes an added water inlet port downstream from a feed port means. A screw-type element is rotatably arranged in the extruder to vigorously mix and convey at least certain ingredients of the preselected formulation, including flour and oil, input through the feed port means, wherein the total water content, by weight, of the ingredients is less than a preselected amount. A temperature control means operates to heat treat the ingredients upstream from the added water inlet port during the vigorous mixing and conveyance by the screw-type element.

Abstract: An extruder and continuous mixing apparatus operating to continuously mix, at least partially bake and extrude a preselected formulation of ingredients to provide an at least partially baked output product which, upon final baking, exhibits a cookie-like crumb structure with structural integrity. The extruder includes at least one screw-type element which is rotatably arranged in the extruder to vigorously mix and convey at least certain ingredients of the preselected formulation, including flour and oil, input through a feed port means at the upstream end of the extruder, wherein the total water content, by weight, of the ingredients is less than a preselected amount. A temperature control means operates to heat treat the ingredients during the vigorous mixing and conveyance by the screw-type element. The vigorous mixing and heat treatment is applied to the ingredients for substantially the entire length of the extruder.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously dispensing dough for making bread, rolls, buns and the like by pressurizing and homogenizing the dough by a pair of open-flighted augers in a tunnel having minimal clearances so that the dough is provided with a uniform texture and density which permits a division into pieces having weights with tolerances within one-half of one percent.

Abstract: The increasingly high standards of consistency and uniformity demanded of cold feed rubber extruders are met by providing notches in the flights of the screw at least in the feed-inlet of the extruder. The notches are at a lead-angle greater than that of the extruder screw flights, so to pull the rubber and advance it positively. Throttling means are used to adjust the amount of squash-back and there is an independently variable-speed drive for a feed roller in the feed inlet.

Abstract: In a method for preparing caseinates, including the introduction of casein, alkaline solutions or basic salts and water into an extruder, the constituents being thoroughly mixed together and then subjected to an increase in pressure and temperature under the influence of return elements, it is provided, to achieve a finished basic product while avoiding a separate comminuting stage following the extrusion process, that the pressure built-up under the influence of return elements or kneading units takes place directly in front of the discharge end of the extruder and the product be discharged freely through this end of the extruder. An apparatus is used to carry out the method, this apparatus being characterised in that the return elemnts or return kneading units are arranged directly in front of the discharge end of the extruder and the discharge end of the extruder is open essentially without any reduction in cross-section relative to the free cross-section of the extruder.

Abstract: An extruder and continuous mixing apparatus operating to continuously mix, at least partially bake and extrude a preselected formulation of ingredients to provide an at least partially baked output product which, upon final baking, exhibits a cookie-like crumb structure with structural integrity. The extruder includes at least one screw-type element which is rotatably arranged in the extruder to vigorously mix and convey at least certain ingredients of the preselected formulation, including flour and oil, input through a feed port means at the upstream end of the extruder, wherein the total water content, by weight, of the ingredients is less than a preselected amount. A temperature control means operates to heat treat the ingredients during the vigorous mixing and conveyance by the screw-type element. The vigorous mixing and heat treatment is applied to the ingredients for substantially the entire length of the extruder.

Abstract: An extruder operating to continuously mix, at least partially bake and extrude a preselected formulation of ingredients to provide an at least partially baked output product which, upon final baking, exhibits a cookie-like crumb structure with structural integrity. The extruder includes an added water inlet port downstream from a feed port means. A screw-type element is rotatably arranged in the extruder to vigorously mix and convey at least certain ingredients of the preselected formulation, including flour and oil, input through the feed port means, wherein the total water content, by weight, of the ingredients is less than a preselected amount. A temperature control means operates to heat treat the ingredients upstream from the added water inlet port during the vigorous mixing and conveyance by the screw-type element.

Abstract: A devolatilizer, especially suitable for high viscosity polymers, comprising a vacuum chamber into the top of which the polymer is introduced after having passed through a tubular or equivalent heat exchanger, with a low shear mixer located in the vacuum chamber and a pumping device for removing the devolatilized polymer from the bottom of the vacuum chamber. Devolatilization of high viscosity polymers is achieved in this apparatus and method without severe degradation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-spindle kneading mixer with at least two axis-parallel agitator shafts engaging into one another, one of which is designed as a disk shaft, into which kneading elements of a kneading shaft engage, wherein these kneading elements scrape the product off from the disk surfaces and press it by means of corresponding diverting surfaces into a kneading gap formed on the one hand by the kneading element and on the other hand by the opposite disk surface, the product being moved axially to and from between the disk surfaces.

Abstract: An extruder and continuous mixing appartatus operating to continuously mix, at least partially bake and extrude a preselected formulation of ingredients to provide an at least partially baked output product which, upon final baking, exhibits a cookie-like crumb structure with structural integrity. The extruder includes at least one screw-type element which is rotatably arranged in the extruder to vigorously mix and convey at least certain ingredients of the preselected formulation, including flour and oil, input through a feed port means at the upstream end of the extruder, wherein the total water content, by weight, of the ingredients is less than a preselected amount. A temperature control means operates to heat treat the ingredients during the vigorous mixing and conveyance by the screw-type element. The vigorous mixing and heat treatment is applied to the ingredients for substantially the entire length of the extruder.

Abstract: On a single-screw or multi-screw extruder, the part of the barrel lying between a front plate (1) and end plate (2) bounding the processing unit is subdivided into barrel discs (5) of ceramic materials, which are arranged on at least one guide rail (7). The barrel discs (5) are held together by an anchor (9) fixed on the front plate (1) and end plate (2) and at the same time secured against twisting. In addition, the screw elements (3) within the processing unit between front plate (1) and end plate (2) are also made from the same or from another ceramic material.

Abstract: An extruder for degassing a thermoplastic plastics material melt comprises at least one screw mounted for rotation in a barrel. The barrel includes a first feed aperture for the introduction of the melt and a degassing port downstream thereof connectable to means for degassing the melt. The at least one screw is mounted on a shaft and has a helical flight. In the region of the port, the flight is replaced by alternating disc members and spacer members mounted on the shaft. The diameter or major dimension of the disc members corresponds substantially to the combined diameter of the screw core and its flight whilst the diameter of the spacer members corresponds to that of the screw core. The disc members have profiled downstream faces and the thickness of each disc member and each spacer member lies in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 times the diameter of the screw.

Abstract: An extruder and continuous mixing apparatus operating to continuously mix, at least partially bake and extrude a preselected formulation of ingredients to provide an at least partially baked output product which, upon final baking, exhibits a cookie-like crumb structure with structural integrity. The extruder includes at least one screw-type element which is rotatably arranged in the extruder to vigorously mix and convey at least certain ingredients of the preselected formulation, including flour and oil, input through a feed port means at the upstream end of the extruder, wherein the total water content, by weight, of the ingredients is less than a preselected amount. A temperature control means operates to heat treat the ingredients during the vigorous mixing and conveyance by the screw-type element. The vigorous mixing and heat treatment is applied to the ingredients for substantially the entire length of the extruder.

Abstract: Apparatus for mixing material in a twin screw extruder by longitudinally advancing material by the interengaging threads of two screws in the housing of a twin screw extruder such that a plurality of separate streams of material are advanced by the threads of the screws, combining the separate streams of material in a thread-free zone of the screws in which the passage area for the streams of material undergoes uniform reduction and lateral displacement around one of the screws, and thereafter dividing the combined stream back into separate streams downstream of the thread-free zone. In the thread-free zone, a baffle element is mounted on the shaft of one of the screws, the baffle element being of conical shape and increasing uniformly in diameter in the direction of advance of the product.

Abstract: A planetary gear extruder for the compounding and extrusion of thermoplastic materials, in which an annular groove is formed in the metallic stop ring to receive a ceramic body which is engageable by the forward ends of the planetary spindles in order to reduce friction. A ceramic body may additionally also be arranged in a recess in the end face of each of the planetary spindles, aligned with and adapted to engage the ceramic body mounted in the stop ring. As a result, the coefficients of friction between the stop ring and the end faces of the spindles are reduced considerably, consequently reducing the wear on the planetary spindles themselves and the central spindle.

Abstract: A twin screw extruder which significantly reduces extruder wear through provision of separate, complemental, interfitted frustoconical screw and barrel sections adjacent the outlet end of the extruder barrel which create an even, bearing-type support for the rotating screws as material passes through the apparatus. In preferred forms, the screws are intermeshed along the majority of the extruder barrel, but diverge at the region of the final frustoconical screw sections and are received within respective complemental barrel sections; in this fashion the material being processed is split into juxtaposed, non-communicating streams, and thereby evenly flows around and supports the adjacent screw section to lessen the tendency of the screws to separate themselves and come into wearing contact with the surrounding barrel walls. The extruder can be used to process a wide variety of plant-derived materials, but is particularly useful for viscous substances (e.g.

Abstract: In a rubber-like material kneading apparatus having a pair of rotors with radially outwardly extended long vanes in a chamber, each of the rotors has at least three long vanes which are arranged around a rotary shaft at equal angular intervals in such a manner that the cutting angle formed by the rear surfaces of the long vanes and the tangential lines at the outermost ends of the long vanes is larger than 40.degree., whereby the rubber-like material can be kneaded with high efficiency.

Abstract: A throttling device for a twin-shaft screw-type extruder, the housing of which is provided with bores parallel to one another and passing through one another forming saddles, has a transfer channel in each bore-defining wall, which channels are in a staggered arrangement relative to one another in the conveying direction. Retaining plates having cylindrical outer surfaces are arranged on the shaft mounted in each bore, which retaining plates can be arranged to overlap with the transfer channels so that no throttling action occurs. On the other hand, they can be brought partly to fully into axial overlapping with the wall of the respective cylindrical bores, whereby flow restricting gaps are formed between the cylindrical outer surface and each wall, the throttling effect of these gaps depending on the degree of overlapping. An operationally reliable throttling device having a linear characteristic is created by this development.

Abstract: A mixing machine barrel has parallel interconnected bores of a first diameter with axially parallel shafts driven at the same speed and in the same direction of rotation extending therein. Mixer members on the shafts are shaped to co-wipe and also wipe the interior of the barrel. A barrel section communicates with the barrel and has interconnected bores of greater diameter which include interconnected transition bores of progressively changing diameter. Blades extend at an angle from the shafts through the transition bores and are configured to wipe one another over their length, and the interconnected bores of the barrel section over their length.

Abstract: A co-rotating twin-screw kneader has a casing which has two axially parallel bores, defined by the casing wall and which intersect with one another in a region to form gussets in said casing wall adjacent the intersecting region. Two axially parallel shafts which are arranged to be driven in the same direction of rotation are each arranged in a respective one of the bores and multi-flight kneading disks having crests associated with the casing wall are mounted in non-rotary manner on at least part of the length of each shaft. Each kneading disk on one shaft is associated with another disk on the other shaft in a plane perpendicular to the axes of the shafts and the disks are arranged to be moved past one another in a virtually clearance-free manner in the intersecting region of the bores.

Abstract: The inside surface of an extrusion cylinder (1) is divided into an upper surface (2) and a lower surface (3), each in the shape of an arc of a cylinder. The two surfaces intersect so that two screw sections (8, 9), each provided with a helical thread (12, 13), mesh with each other. The two threads are complementary in that the width of one thread (12 ) gradually increases from an entry opening (6) downstream, while the width of the other thread (13) decreases gradually from the upstream end toward the exit opening (7). Owing to separations between the free spaces, the material poured into the extruder through the entry opening is forced to pass once into a working zone in order to reach an exit chamber where the pressure is less than in the entry chamber.

Abstract: A two-stage pumping apparatus is disclosed which is particularly suited for moving highly viscous materials, and other materials which do not readily lend themselves to pumping. The apparatus includes a generally vertically oriented housing with an infeed opening defined generally at the upper end thereof for gravity infeed of material into the apparatus. A pair of cooperating, counter-rotating screw augers are provided within the housing for rotation together about respective parallel axes. By this arrangement, material moves axially of the augers generally downwardly through the pump housing to a discharge opening defined by the housing. Notably, each of the screw augers includes helical flights intermeshed with the flights of the other auger, with the flights configured to provide a two-stage pumping action, including a first, upstream non-positive displacement pumping, and a second, downstream positive displacement pumping.

Abstract: A closed mixer having rotors whose axial separation is adjustable, comprising an external casing containing a mixing chamber housing two rotors with projecting lobes operating at a limited distance from one another, and caused to rotate by a motor unit via transmission means, wherein the rotors are equipped with end shafts, having a relatively small diameter, rotatably supported within opposite heads of the external casing by means of supports housed within elements which can move and be locked in a number of positions, as a result of moving which elements the distance between the axes of the rotors can be varied, there being provided holding means between the rotors and the heads of the chambers across which they extend, in order to ensure that the axial separation of the rotors is held in the various positions.

Abstract: A double screw extruder includes two conical extruder screws whose screw shafts are arranged at an angle to one another corresponding to the conicity of the extruder screws, and a drive apparatus for driving one of the screw shafts. The other screw shaft is driven from the first screw shaft through a bevel gear drive provided with teeth arranged in herringbone or arrow fashion.

Abstract: A continuous mixer with twin parallel rotors, a feed end and a discharge end is disclosed which is characterized by mismatched rotors. The apexes, or points at which the rotor tips change direction, are substantially misaligned as between the individual rotors of the pair.