Abstract: A method, operational at a device, includes receiving at least one packet belonging to a first set of packets of a packet flow marked with an identification value, determining that the at least one packet is marked with the identification value, determining to change a quality of service (QoS) treatment of packets belonging to the first set of packets marked with the identification value that are yet to be received, and sending a request to change the QoS treatment of packets belonging to the first set of packets marked with the identification value that are yet to be received to trigger a different QoS treatment of packets within the packet flow, responsive to determining to change the QoS treatment. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and described.

Abstract: Technology is described for interacting with messages in a message queue. A message request may be received for a message queue in a service provider environment. The message queue may store messages in a hash ring of host groups, and a host group in the hash ring may include one or more individual hosts. A message identifier associated with the message request may be identified. The message identifier may include a hash identifier and a hash configuration version number, and the hash configuration version number may correspond to a current configuration of the hash ring of host groups. The message request may be performed with respect to the hash identifier and the hash configuration version number that identifies the hash ring of host groups.

Abstract: Embodiments include method, systems and computer program products for operating a dual in-line memory module with dedicated READ and WRITE ports. The computer-implemented method receiving, by a memory controller, one or more memory requests to access a one or more memory modules. The memory controller determines a memory request type for each of the one or more memory requests. The memory controller directs the one or more memory requests to a port of the memory controller dedicated to handle a memory request for an associated memory request type. The memory controller accesses at least a portion of the one or more memory modules via the dedicated port in which the one or more memory requests are directed.

Abstract: This document relates to protocol translation for remote control of various devices. One example is a technique that includes identifying a controlled device that has a controlled device communication protocol for controlling the controlled device. The technique also includes obtaining translation data that conveys translations of commands from another protocol into the controlled device protocol. The technique also includes configuring a delay for transmitting the translated commands, and performing translation between the another protocol and the controlled device protocol using the translation data and the configured delay.

Abstract: A cellular network supports radio communication based on a first configuration which organizes a time-frequency space in first resource elements and radio communication based on a second configuration which organizes the time-frequency space in second resource elements and assigns at least one of the second resource elements to a utilization which is in conflict with the radio communication based on the first configuration. A node of the cellular network sends an indication to a communication device. The indication comprises time domain and/or frequency domain information for defining a pattern comprising at least one of the first resource elements which is to be disregarded by the communication device when performing radio communication with the cellular network based on the first configuration and/or the second configuration.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a wireless receiver circuit that can receive a wireless signal from a wireless communication device that is (1) separate from the wireless receiver circuit and (2) can encode a first information according to a protocol. The wireless receiver circuit can detect a predefined sequence of changes of a characteristic within the wireless signal to decode, from the wireless signal, a second information mutually exclusive from the first information without decoding the first information. In such embodiments, the wireless receiver circuit can send the second information.

Abstract: A system and method of minimizing interference and retries in an environment where two or more network protocols utilize the same frequency spectrum is disclosed. A lower-power network controller is co-located with a WIFI controller. The lower-power network controller parses incoming packets as they are received and generates a request signal once it is determined that the incoming packet is destined for this device. This maximizes the likelihood that no WIFI traffic will occur while the incoming packet is being received.

Abstract: In an 802.11ax network with an access point, a trigger frame offers random resource units to nodes for data uplink communication to the access point. To dynamically adapt the contention mechanism used by the nodes to access the random resource units, the AP updates a correcting TBD parameter at each new TXOP and includes the updated adjusting parameter in the trigger frame for the next TXOP. The nodes use the TBD parameter to generate a local random RU backoff value from a contention window range, for contending for access to the random resource units. The TBD parameter may directly impact the contention window size CWO or boundaries values of a selection range from which CWO is selected.

Abstract: Management of resources within a representational state transfer architecture comprising a plurality of service resources. A persisted collection resource is accessed, and the persisted collection resource includes a collection query with at least one query parameter defining a collection of resources. The collection query is processed with respect to the resources within the computer system to generate a list of resources associated with the at least one query parameter.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for network traffic management. The method includes receiving a message to be broadcast over a network, assigning a predefined delay time to the transmission the message, and transmitting the message over the network after passage of the predefined delay time.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for network traffic and processor activity management. The invention includes a network communication device for communicating data to remote devices, a data storage device for storing a plurality of messages to be communicated on the network by the network communication device, a real-time clock, and a processor. The processor includes instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to receive a signal from the real-time clock that at least one message in the data storage device is to be communicated on the network through the network communication device, retrieve the at least one message from the data storage device, transmit the at least one retrieved message and up to a predetermined number of retrieved messages onto the network through the network communication device, and prevent any messages retrieved from the data storage device that are more than the predetermined number from being transmitted on the network for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a policy control method, apparatus and system. The method includes: receiving a first message indicating a resource allocation result and determining, according to a first instance identifier in the first message, a corresponding second instance identifier, where the first instance identifier corresponds to a policy rule instance for executing resource allocation and the second instance identifier corresponds to a media component instance or a media sub-component instance for making the policy rule instance; and sending a second message indicating the resource allocation result to an application function (AF) entity, where the second message carries the second instance identifier.

Abstract: In a Software Defined Network (SDN), a source SDN switch in a source geographic area generates switch performance data. The source SDN switch detects when its switch performance reaches a switch performance threshold based on its switch performance data, and in response, the source SDN switch transfers source switch information. An SDN controller receives the source switch information and selects a target SDN switch in a target geographic area based on the switch performance threshold and the source geographic area. The SDN controller transfers the source switch information to the target SDN switch in the target geographic area. The target SDN switch generates switch performance data and detects when SDN performance reaches a network performance threshold based on its switch performance data and the source switch information. The target SDN transfers SDN performance information to the SDN controller.

Abstract: Techniques for parsing a message comprising at least one data field are provided. One computer-implemented method comprises: determining, by an electronic device operatively coupled to a processing unit, a first model from a first category of data processing models; and determining, by the electronic device, a second model from a second category of data processing models, the second category being different from the first category. The computer-implemented method also comprises comparing, by the electronic device, performance of a first combined model of first and second models with performance of the first model; and selecting, by the electronic device, a target model for processing data from the first combined model and the first model based on the comparing.

Abstract: A link-budget-limited wireless communication device (UE) may implement improved radio link monitoring procedures for enhancing the link-budget of the UE. The UE may monitor the radio link and may determine whether the radio link can support a lowest acceptable link quality according to a hysteresis-based comparison that uses threshold values to determine error rates associated with a physical control channel. The UE may also identify itself to the network as a link-budget-limited device, and the network may enable special link-budget enhancing features for the UE, including boosting the power of the resource elements (REs) carrying physical channel signaling/data to the UE. The UE may detect the presence of power boost and may estimate/determine the power boost level.

Abstract: Examples relate to organizing and storing network communications. In one example, a programmable hardware processor may: receive a first set of network packets; identify, for each network packet included in the first set, a network flow, each network flow including at least one related packet; store each network packet included in a subset of the first set in a first data storage device; for each network packet included in the subset, organize the network packet according to the network flow identified for the network packet; identify, from the network flows, a set of network flows that each have at least one characteristic of interest; and store, in a second data storage device, each network packet included in each network flow of the set of network flows.

Abstract: A network monitoring system is provided that includes a processor, a memory coupled to the processor and a database that includes session data of one or more transactions in a multiprotocol wireless communication system. The network monitoring system further includes a rule engine configured and operable to store rules associated with at least one rule set. The network monitoring system also includes an analysis engine configured to identify a root cause of a failure for one or more of the transactions based on at least one rule in the rule set.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device 2 comprising a radio transmitter hardware section 10 and a processor 4, the device 2 being arranged to transmit information via said transmitter hardware section 10 from a first application running on the processor 4 in accordance with a first communication protocol or from a second application running on the processor 4 or a further processor using a second communication protocol, wherein the first application is configured to generate a first transmit request 24 when it requires to send a data packet and wherein the second application is configured to generate a second transmit request 34 when the second application requires to send a data packet, the device further comprising control logic 22 for allocating a transmission timeslot for said transmitter section 10 to said first or second application upon receipt of said first 24 or second 34 transmit requests respectively.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media for optimizing (or improving) network discovery using supplemental information published by devices and available on their neighbor devices are described. In some implementations, the method can include obtaining, at a network management computer system, a list of one or more seed devices. The method can also include retrieving a device identifier of a corresponding seed device from the list of one or more seed devices. The method can further include querying, at the network management computer system, the corresponding seed device to obtain neighboring device connectivity information of the seed device and supplemental information for each neighboring device.

Abstract: According to the present invention, congestion in a network band is suppressed. This information processing apparatus is provided with: a command reception unit that receives commands from at least one application given to at least two device groups; a device specification unit that specifies devices belonging to the at least two device groups when the commands from the at least one application given to the at least two device groups are of a similar type; and a command transmission control unit that executes control transmission so as to prevent overlap of transmission of the commands to the specified devices.

Abstract: A technique for testing wireless-local-area-network (WLAN) infrastructure is described. In particular, a radio-frequency abstraction layer (RFAL) in a physical instance of an electronic device is used to simulate the physical layer communication hardware and radio channels. RFAL allows frames in initial packets that are compatible with a WLAN communication protocol (such as an IEEE 802.11 standard) to be encapsulated in the data-link layer into additional packets that are compatible with a network communication protocol (such as an IEEE 802.3 standard). These additional packets can include information that characterizes transmission of the packet through a simulated radio-frequency environment so that the software stack associated with a physical or virtual instance of an electronic device can be exercised as if the packet had been received over a wireless connection. Then, the additional packets can be communicated via Ethernet (i.e.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for automatically integrating different software applications in a cloud platform. An embodiment operates by creating a registration entry representing an integration use-case for a first tenant of a first application in an integration discovery service. The embodiment generates a barcode based on the registration entry. The embodiment matches the integration use-case for the first tenant of the first application with a potential integration use-case for a second tenant of a second application based on the barcode. The embodiment then creates an integration configuration for enabling the integration use-case for the first tenant of the first application with the potential integration use-case for the second tenant of the second application based on the matching.

Abstract: A software-defined network controller (SDN controller) defines a first network flow to be selectively implemented by a networking device according to a first network operation profile. The SDN controller defines a second network flow to be selectively implemented by the networking device according to a second network operation profile. The first and second network operation profiles are stored within a memory of the networking device to be selectively implemented during different time periods based on a precision time input via a precision time input port on the networking device. In some embodiments, the networking device may detect a network event and implement a network operation profile for a preset time period based on the precision time input.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for contention window size adjustment. One apparatus includes a transmitter that transmits data on a carrier to a set of devices in a first transmission burst having a duration of at least one subframe. In some embodiments, the set of devices includes one or more devices. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a receiver that receives feedback information from each device. In certain embodiments, the apparatus includes a processor that determines, based on the feedback information, whether interference above a predetermined level exists on the carrier during the first transmission burst at each device, adjusts a contention window size based on the determination of whether interference above the predetermined level exists on the carrier during the first transmission burst at each device, and determines a value N between a predetermined minimum contention window size and the adjusted contention window size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communications system (1) with at least one node (101, 102, 110), a control instance (10) and a shared communications medium (11). The at least one node is designed to receive messages that are or were transmitted in a first transmission mode. This first transmission mode has a lower data transmission rate and/or transmission complexity than a second transmission mode. The control instance (10) determines a first of the nodes in order to transmit data thereto in the second transmission mode or in order to release the shared communications medium (11) for the first node to transmit data in the second transmission mode. The control instance communicates this to the first node by means of a message (501, 502, 503, 504). This message is transmitted in the first transmission mode.

Abstract: A gateway device for implementing data security is described herein. The gateway device is coupled between a client device and a server device, and is configured to receive encoded data and a set of operations from the server device in response to a request for cloud services from the client device. The gateway device is configured to decode the encoded data, and to provide the decoded data and the set of operations to the client device. The client device is configured to perform the set of operations on the decoded data, and to incorporate the operation results into an application or interface corresponding to the requested cloud service. The gateway device is configured to encode the operation result data, and to provide the encoded operation result data to the server device for storage.

Abstract: The relay device includes: a frame determination unit that determines a received frame between a high-priority frame and a low-priority frame for each output port on a basis of an identifier; a fixed-delay queue that delays the high-priority frame for a time equal to or longer than the sum of a specified transmission gap and a frame length long enough for a downstream device to be capable of correctly receiving and transferring or discarding a frame, and that transmits the high-priority frame; a low-priority frame storing unit that stores therein the low-priority frame; a transmission-frame selection unit that executes control to discontinue transmission of the low-priority frame when transmitting the high-priority frame, and to retransmit the low-priority frame; and an output control unit that selects a frame to be transmitted to the downstream device on a basis of the control by the transmission-frame selection unit.

Abstract: A method for initial estimation of bandwidth for real-time video transmission is disclosed herein. The method comprises determining a round trip delay between a video sender and a video receiver, transmitting, by the sender starting from a first point in time, a series of data packets having a packet size based on a predetermined encoder bitrate, receiving, by the sender and at a second point in time, a message from the receiver, wherein the received message comprises a parameter indicative of a total number of bits received by the receiver, determining, by the sender using a processor, an initial estimated bandwidth, based on the received parameter, the first and second points in time, and the round trip delay, and transmitting, to the receiver, a video bitstream using the initial estimated bandwidth. The method can be implemented during a process of establishing a call between the sender and the receiver.

Abstract: A device comprising a plurality of antennas operable to transmit and receive communication packets via a plurality of communication protocols and an integrated circuit chip coupled to the plurality of antennas. The integrated circuit chip comprises a first and a second plurality of processing elements. The first plurality of processing elements operable to receive communication packets via a first one of a plurality of communication protocols and process an optimal route. The second plurality of processing elements communicatively coupled to the first plurality of processing elements and operable to determine the optimal route to transmit the communication packets from a source device to a destination device based, at least in part, on transmission characteristics associated with at least one of the source or destination devices.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optimizing data communication in a network of moving things. As non-limiting examples, various aspects of this disclosure provide systems and methods for communicating delay tolerant information in a network of moving things, for example comprising any of a variety of types of vehicles (e.g., autonomous vehicles, vehicles controlled by local operators, vehicles controlled by remote operators, etc.).

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for decoding and encoding a video stream having multiple frames includes: when decoding, a decoder receives messages from an encoder. The encoder permits the decoder to determine network parameters including bandwidth. The network parameters are returned to the encoder using back channel messages. The encoder determines optimal encoding parameters based on the network parameters. Back channel messages are exchanged between decoder and encoder while the video stream is being decoded to permit the encoder to adapt encoding parameters to changing network conditions.

Abstract: Rapid channel failure detection and recovery in wireless communication networks is needed in order to meet, among other things, carrier class Ethernet channel standards. Thus, resilient wireless packet communications is provided using a physical layer link aggregation protocol with a hardware-assisted rapid channel failure detection algorithm and load balancing, preferably in combination. This functionality may be implemented in a Gigabit Ethernet data access card with an engine configured accordingly. In networks with various topologies, these features may be provided in combination with their existing protocols.

Abstract: A base station for wireless network uses one or more MIMO channels having subchannels, to communicate with multiple user equipments, and allocates the sub channels to the user equipments. Different subchannels of a given one of the channels can be allocated to different user equipments. The ability to allocate sub channels individually rather than only allocating entire channels can enable higher data rates to be achieved. This is particularly useful for improving data rates at cell boundaries or sector boundaries, where the coverage is traditionally weakest. A user equipment can use subchannels from different MIMO channels from different sectors or from different base stations.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for improving the efficiency of content delivery based on consumption data. Consumption data may be collected from various users and/or devices describing frequently viewed areas in the content. The consumption data may be represented as a heat map. Variable encoding properties, caching priorities, and/or rendering priorities may be determined based on the consumption data. Content encoding and delivery may therefore be optimized accordingly. Machine learning may be applied to create predicted consumption data for content which lacks actual consumption data, allowing optimizations to be applied in advance of any actual consumption. Some concepts may be applied to unviewed video to optimize live streaming or the like.

Abstract: Aspects described herein may allow for the generation of a message to be sent to an intended recipient of a request for a communication session prior the initiation of the communication session. The system may monitor applications and associated devices to determine the initiation of the communication session. Based on such a determination, the system may generate a message to be presented to a communication initiating user and to be sent to an intended recipient of the communication session. The system may determine data for the message based on an analysis of the data associated with the communication initiating user, and the system may apply a machine learning model to generate draft messages for the user. Messages may be generated to authenticate a user with an intended recipient of the communication session.

Abstract: The present relates to a method for optimising the coexistence of radio “pico-networks” (P), each “pico-network” (P) comprising at least one modem (E1, E2, E3) connected to a central node (N) comprising at least one memory to store data and/or computer programs and at least one processor, said method comprising at least one step to allocate communication channels by the central node (N), for each of the modems by means of an allocation to algorithm, to allow the coexistence between said “pico-networks” (P), said method being characterized in that step to allocate communication channels comprises at least: determination of the direction of communication and associated bit rate; and optimisation, by means of an optimisation algorithm, of the transmission rate of the messages and/or data on the communication channels as a function of the direction of the communication.

Abstract: The described technology is generally directed towards adaptive interleaving in network communications systems based on one or more conditions with respect to user equipment. When conditions such as the speed of the user equipment indicate that performance can be increased by interleaving the data traffic, data is transmitted to the user equipment using an adaptive interleaver in the coding chain of MIMO systems. The adaptive interleaver is not used when conditions indicate performance is unlikely to improve. Adaptive interleaving may be performed in the frequency domain, in the frequency and time domain, or the frequency time and space domain. Multiple interleavers with different interleaving patterns may be used in the frequency domain and in the frequency and time domain. Adaptive interleaving may be based on one or more various criteria corresponding to the condition data received from the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus for multi-bitrate content streaming includes a receiving module configured to capture media content, a streamlet module configured to segment the media content and generate a plurality of streamlets, and an encoding module configured to generate a set of streamlets. The system includes the apparatus, wherein the set of streamlets comprises a plurality of streamlets having identical time indices and durations, and each streamlet of the set of streamlets having a unique bitrate, and wherein the encoding module comprises a master module configured to assign an encoding job to one of a plurality of host computing modules in response to an encoding job completion bid. A method includes receiving media content, segmenting the media content and generating a plurality of streamlets, and generating a set of streamlets.

Abstract: A data processing method comprises, using a media server during a first media session between a client device and the media server, determining a stable bitrate value for use as a rate of transmitting multimedia data from the client device to the media server; storing, in a database, the stable bitrate value for the client device in association with an identifier; receiving, from the client device, a request to establish a second media session; determining the identifier within the request; in response to the request, based on the identifier in the request, searching the database for the stable bitrate value that is associated with the identifier; in response to locating the stable bitrate value in the database, sending the stable bitrate value to the client device for use in estimating a bitrate for transmitting multimedia from the client device to the media server in the second media session; establishing, by the media server, the second media session, wherein the media server initially receives multimedia

Abstract: An apparatus for multi-bitrate content streaming includes a receiving module configured to capture media content, a streamlet module configured to segment the media content and generate a plurality of streamlets, and an encoding module configured to generate a set of streamlets. The system includes the apparatus, wherein the set of streamlets comprises a plurality of streamlets having identical time indices and durations, and each streamlet of the set of streamlets having a unique bitrate, and wherein the encoding module comprises a master module configured to assign an encoding job to one of a plurality of host computing modules in response to an encoding job completion bid. A method includes receiving media content, segmenting the media content and generating a plurality of streamlets, and generating a set of streamlets.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a method for rapidly recovering the speed of TCP transmission after a cross technology handover experienced by a mobile device. In the method, the mobile device receives a sequentially first TCP data packet after the cross technology handover completes via a TCP session between the mobile device and a remote TCP server, generates a first acknowledgement (ACK) associated with the sequentially first TCP data packet, where the first ACK comprises a first Selective ACK (SACK) option, removes the first SACK option from the first ACK when a gap exists between data in the sequentially first TCP data packet and data received before the cross technology handover occurs, and sends the first ACK without the first SACK option to the remote TCP server via the TCP session. Because the ACK is without the SACK option when the gap exists, the speed of TCP transmission will be recovered rapidly.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for device discovery, pairing, and transmission of audio and video media, using preference data shared between a media sender/source node and a media receiver/sink node. In some examples of the disclosed technology, a sink node sends, via a peer-to-peer wireless communication path, a discovery message to a source node comprising a preference indication including an indication of a first one of two communication paths to use for the establishing a connection. The sink node receives a request to establish a connection between the sink node and the source node based on the indicated preference. Based on the received request, the sink node establishes a connection between the sink node and the source node. A selected communication path (e.g., peer-to-peer wireless or wireless infrastructure) can be indicated as preferred, along with additional parameters for the media connection.

Abstract: Systems and method are directed to a Universal Flash Storage (UFS) host capable of interfacing one or more UFS devices. The UFS host includes a plurality of mobile-physical-layers (M-PHYs) for supporting one or more lanes of traffic between the UFS host and the one or more UFS devices. A Reference M-PHY MODULE Interface (RMMI) router is coupled between a Unified Protocol link layer (Unipro) and the plurality of M-PHYs. The RMMI router is configurable in a transparent mode to pass traffic, without routing, between the UFS host and a 2-lane embedded UFS device through the two M-PHYs. The RMMI router is configurable in a routing mode, to route traffic to a first M-PHY interfacing a 1-lane embedded UFS device or to a second M-PHY interfacing a 1-lane removable UFS card. The RMMI router is configurable based on metal strap or read only memory (ROM) setting.

Abstract: The method includes receiving, at a user equipment, a request-to-send (RTS) signal from a base station in an unlicensed channel, the RTS signal including individual IDs or group IDs of multiple user equipments, the multiple user equipments including the user equipment; and identifying whether the RTS signal includes an individual ID or group ID of the user equipment, wherein the identifying includes sending a clear-to-send (CTS) signal to the base station in a licensed channel or the unlicensed channel to allow the base station to perform data transmission to the user equipment in response to the RTS signal including the individual ID or group ID of the user equipment; and ignoring the RTS signal in response to the RTS signal not including the individual ID or group ID of the user equipment.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for switching between lossy coded time segments and a lossless stream of the same source audio. A decoder may receive lossy coded time segments that include audio encoded using frequency-domain lossy coding. The decoder may also receive a lossless stream, which the decoder plays back, that includes audio from the same source encoded using lossless coding. In response to receiving a determination that network bandwidth is constrained, the decoder may generate an aliasing cancellation component based on a previously-decoded frame of the lossless stream, which may be added to a lossy time segment at a transition frame. The sum of the aliasing cancellation component and the lossy time segment may be normalized using a weight caused by an encoding window. Audio playback of the lossy coded time segments may then be provided, beginning with the aliasing-canceled transition frame.

Abstract: A relay device capable of preventing transmission of an improper message to one or more networks even if improper falsification is made to a program for executing relay processing. If one CAN controller receives a message, a gateway stores the received message in the message storage unit and also sends the message to the processing unit. The processing unit that received the message performs processing necessary for relay of the message by executing a relay program, and sends the message to be relayed to the CAN controller. The gateway compares the message before being sent from the CAN controller to the processing unit with the message sent from the processing unit to the CAN controller, to determine the properness of the message.

Abstract: Power reduction through clock management techniques are disclosed. In one aspect, the clock management is applied to a clock signal on a SOUNDWIRE™ communication bus. In particular, a control system associated with a master device on the communication bus may evaluate frequency requirements of audio streams on the communication bus and select a lowest possible clock frequency that meets the frequency requirements. Lower clock frequencies result in fewer clock transitions and result in a net power saving relative to higher clock frequencies. In the event of a clock frequency change, the master device communicates the clock frequency that will be used prospectively to slave devices on the communication bus, and all devices transition to the new frequency at the same frame boundary. In addition to the power savings, exemplary aspects of the present disclosure do not impact an active audio stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus to help manage communication on a wireless channel when transmitting and receiving nodes will engage in a sequence of data-ACK exchanges with each other on the channel. As disclosed, the transmitting node and/or receiving node may include in at least one of the data-ACK exchanges an indication of how many data-ACK exchanges remain in the sequence and may further include indicia of how often each data-ACK exchange will occur and how long each data-ACK exchange will last. A neighboring node that is observing the channel to determine whether the channel is available may thus determine, based at least in part on the indication in the data-ACK exchange how many times to refrain from transmitting on the channel, how often to so refrain, and how long to refrain in each instance.

Abstract: An attempt by a user to login to a destination server is identified from a source server. A destination score is determined based on the count of attempts by the user to login to the destination server and the count of attempts by the user to login to all destination servers. A source given destination score is determined based on the count of attempts by the user to login from the source server to the destination server, and the count of attempts by the user to login to the destination server. An outlier score is determined based on values associated with the destination score and the source given destination score. An alert is output if the outlier score satisfies a threshold.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a backoff mechanism applied for a random access procedure for a user equipment (UE) (e.g. mobile phone) in a wireless communication system are disclosed herein. The UE applies different backoff times for random access procedures based on different factors applicable to the UE. The UE may adjust the backoff time by an offset or a weighted value, and may derive an adjusted backoff time based on different backoff parameter values.