Abstract: A communications terminal comprises an encoder configured to encode a digital data signal to generate an encoded signal, a scrambler configured to scramble the encoded signal based on a scrambling signature, and a modulator configured to modulate resulting data frames for transmission via a random access communications channel. Each frame comprises a data payload, including a block of the scrambled signal, and a header, including a start of frame (SOF) sequence associated with the scrambling signature. Use of the SOF sequence for each frame provides a synchronization reference and serves to designate the associated scrambling signature for decoding the respective data payload. Use of the SOF sequence for each frame further serves to distinguish between the data frame and data frame(s) originating from further communications terminal(s), transmitted via a common time slot of the channel, for which different scrambling signature(s) were used to scramble respective encoded signal(s) thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting data transmitted over a wireless channel are disclosed. For example, for each receive antenna of a plurality of receive antennas, the method converts, by an ADC, an analog signal received by the receive antenna to a respective digital signal, and for each receive antenna of the plurality of receive antennas, the method channel transforms, by a channel transformer, the digital signal to determine a respective equivalent integer representation of the digital signal, and the method detects data by receive combining, by a receive combiner, the respective equivalent integer representations of the digital signals determined for the plurality of receive antennas.

Abstract: An echo detection circuit for a multi-carrier system includes a memory, a threshold generating circuit and an echo determining circuit. The memory stores a plurality of channel impulse response values of the multi-channel system. The channel impulse response values include a target channel impulse response value, a plurality of preceding channel impulse response values and a plurality of subsequent channel impulse response values; a threshold generating circuit, coupled to the memory, generating a threshold corresponding to the target channel impulse response according to the preceding channel impulse response values and the subsequent channel impulse response values; and an echo determining circuit, coupled to the threshold generating circuit and the memory, comparing the target channel impulse response value with the threshold to determine whether the target channel impulse response value corresponds to an echo path of the multi-carrier system.

Abstract: A method for signal transmission using precoded symbol information involves estimating a two-dimensional model of a communication channel in a delay-Doppler domain. A perturbation vector is determined in a delay-time domain wherein the delay-time domain is related to the delay-Doppler domain by an FFT operation. User symbols are modified based upon the perturbation vector so as to produce perturbed user symbols. A set of Tomlinson-Harashima precoders corresponding to a set of fixed times in the delay-time domain may then be determined using a delay-time model of the communication channel. Precoded user symbols are generated by applying the Tomlinson-Harashima precoders to the perturbed user symbols. A modulated signal is then generated based upon the precoded user symbols and provided for transmission over the communication channel.

Abstract: A method of a UE for canceling a self-interference (SI) signal in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of generating a signal related to transmission data by means of a UE operating in a full duplex radio (FDR) mode; transmitting the signal related to transmission data; receiving a signal related to reception data by means of the UE; and canceling the SI signal on the basis of the signal related to transmission data and the signal related to reception data. In this case, a cancellation signal is further generated from the signal related to transmission data on the basis of a previously set value of a power amplifier (PA), and the SI signal is canceled by further reflecting the generated cancellation signal.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to wireless communication using combined channel training and physical layer header (SIG) signaling. Devices that comply with the 802.11ax or High Efficiency WLAN (HEW) standard may generate and transmit packets that include such combined information. The combined information may be beamformed to a receiver device via an OFDM signal, which may be decoded by the receiver device to obtain subsequent data included in the signal. For example, initial training symbols associated with channel training subcarriers in the signal may be detected and used to perform a rough estimate of the channel. The rough estimate may thereafter be refined using data symbols detected from adjacent data subcarriers using the channel training symbols. In this way, data subcarriers may also be used to determine a channel response along with channel training subcarriers. Channel training information may be transmitted with data, such as user-specific information, in a single symbol.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, a method of manufacturing and apparatus, and a method of constructing an integrated circuit are provided. The apparatus includes a correlator; a buffer connected to the correlator, including a plurality of buffer components; a combiner array, including a plurality of combiners, wherein each of the plurality of combiners includes a plurality of buses, wherein each bus is connected to one buffer component corresponding to a synchronization signal block for each synchronization signal block; and a selector connected to each of the plurality of combiners, where the selector is configured to apply a pre-determined function to the plurality of combiners corresponding to the synchronization signal blocks, determine a maximum of applying the pre-determined function, and determine that a primary spreading sequence (PSS) is detected at a time corresponding to a time associated with the maximum of applying the pre-determined function.

Abstract: Various signal processing techniques may benefit from appropriate handling. For example, certain signal processors may benefit from quarter wavelength unit delay and complex weight coefficient continuous-time filters. A method can include splitting an input signal into a plurality of signal paths. The method can also include complex weighting, for each signal path, a respective signal. The method can further include summing outputs of the signal paths. The method can additionally include providing an output comprising the sum of the signal paths. The complex weighting can be configured to independently control gain, phase and delay of the output signal over broadband.

Abstract: A communication system (200) is formed of a base station comprising a main base station receiver with a main base station antenna (202) and a secondary receiver with a secondary antenna (212). The secondary receiver detects interference to the main base station antenna (202) causing reduced communications range for communicating with subscriber units (204). The secondary receiver rotates a receiver null (228) of the secondary antenna (212) to reduce the interference in response thereto. The communication system (200) performs a voting decision that selects between the secondary receiver with rotated receiver null and the main base station receiver (104) with reduced communications range, to mitigate the interference to main base station antenna (102).

Abstract: Described herein is a receiver for a navigation system, which receives a navigation signal modulated with a pseudorandom sequence along a line-of-sight path and reflected paths. The receiver includes a delay-locked loop, which generates a local sequence, and a first correlator and a second correlator, which operate in open-loop mode and generate a first correlation signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control information (UCI) for Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) using carrier aggregation is disclosed. Methods for UCI transmission in the uplink control channel, uplink shared channel or uplink data channel are disclosed. The methods include transmitting channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK), channel status reports (CQI/PMI/RI), source routing (SR) and sounding reference signals (SRS). In addition, methods for providing flexible configuration in signaling UCI, efficient resource utilization, and support for high volume UCI overhead in LTE-A are disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for augmenting the data capacity of pre-existing communications channels is provided. In one example, a subcarrier waveform of the system can be dithered based on data generated by an additional source and then transmitted. The dithered subcarrier can be passed through a plurality of matched filters so as to ascertain which dither pattern was used, thus ultimately allowing for the demodulation of the additional data source. The system and methods provided herein can be implemented with minimal impact to legacy users of the system as implementation of the dithering scheme can have minimal impact to the performance of receivers that are not equipped to demodulate the dithered waveforms.

Abstract: A demodulation apparatus demodulates spectrum-spread received data, and includes a band variable filter removing noise components from despread received data, a power conversion unit converting each sample value of received data after removing noise components to a power value, a cyclic addition unit cyclically adding the power value in bit periods of received data, a maximum-value detection/average-level measurement unit detecting a maximum value from a cyclic-addition result of the cyclic addition unit, an estimation unit estimating a spreading-code timing and a carrier frequency based on maximum-value information detected by the maximum-value detection/average-level measurement unit, a spreading-code generation unit generating a spreading code with a timing according to an estimation result of a spreading-code timing obtained by the estimation unit, and a local-signal generation unit setting a local-signal frequency according to an estimation result of a carrier frequency obtained by the estimation unit.

Abstract: In one implementation, a wireless communication terminal includes a primary antenna array and a first controller configured to steer a main beam of the primary antenna array in a desired direction. The wireless communication terminal also includes an auxiliary antenna array and a second controller configured to control complex weights to be applied by at least some antenna elements of the auxiliary antenna array to corresponding variants of a second signal received by the at least some auxiliary antenna elements. Furthermore, the wireless communication terminal includes at least one signal combiner configured to combine variants of the second signal received from auxiliary antenna elements into an interfering signal that models interference from a co-located wireless communication terminal and subtract the interfering signal from variants of the first signal received from antenna elements of the principal antenna array to produce an interference mitigated signal.

Abstract: A speech/audio coding apparatus is provided that includes a receiver that receives a time-domain speech input signal and a processor. The processor transforms a time-domain speech input signal into a frequency-domain spectrum, and divides a frequency region of the spectrum in an extended band into a plurality of bands. The processor also sets a limited band for each divided band in the current frame, when a difference between a first frequency with a first maximum amplitude in a spectrum of the divided band in a preceding frame and a second frequency with a second maximum amplitude in a spectrum of the divided band in a current frame is below a threshold. The processor further encodes the spectrum in the limited band within each divided band in the current frame, and does not encode a spectrum outside the limited band within each divided band in the current frame.

Abstract: There is provided improved backhaul communication in a wireless network. The wireless network comprises at least one coordinating network node. The wireless network further comprises at least one cooperative network node. A method performed by the cooperating network node comprises receiving an uplink signal from a wireless device, the uplink signal comprising data. The method further comprises compressively sampling the data so as to obtain compressive measurements of the data. The method further comprises transmitting the compressively sampled data to the coordinating network node. There is also provided a method performed in the coordinating network node. There is further provided a cooperating network node and a coordinating network node arranged to perform the methods and computer programs and computer program products comprising computer program code for implementing the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the signaling of channel quality information in a multi-beam transmission system, wherein a plurality of beams are simultaneously transmitted and a plurality of sets of channel quality information are transmitted for controlling independently the transmission rate on the different beams. Determined are beams with a different quality resulting in different effects of errors in the transmissions of the channel quality information for the beams. Said different effects are exploited for reducing a signaling overhead of the channel quality information for the beams.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method and an apparatus for pruning false peaks during slot synchronization at a user equipment (UE). For example, a method is provided to identify a plurality of first peaks associated with a primary-synchronization channel (P-SCH) received at the UE and a plurality of second peaks from the plurality of first peaks. Further, one or more pruning locations along with associated energy thresholds for each of the plurality of the second peaks may be determined and whether a peak of the plurality of the first peaks is a false peak is identified based on whether the peak is located at one of the one or more pruning locations of the peak and an associated energy value of the peak does not satisfy the associated energy threshold of the pruning location. Furthermore, the peak identified as the false peak is discarded.

Abstract: A data processing device includes a control channel model simple estimation apparatus performs control channel simple estimation, which does not include filter processing, a linear prediction apparatus performs linear prediction on a result obtained by the simple estimation, a pilot reconstruction apparatus reconstructs a first estimation result obtained by the linear prediction, a control channel data regeneration apparatus regenerates a pilot part in antenna data of a control channel of the user, and a control channel interference canceller removes the regenerated pilot part from antenna data of multiple users in order to obtain a control parameter part of the antenna data of the control channels of the multiple users.

Abstract: A coded visible light receiver comprises: a sensor, a transform module, and an interference cancelling module. The sensor receives light comprising data modulated into the light according to a coding scheme. The transform module is configured to transform the data into a frequency domain representation, representing a band of a spectrum resulting from the data being modulated into the light according to the coding scheme. The interference cancelling module is configured to cancel interference occurring in the band of the data, by determining one or more components in the band that exceed a threshold signal strength and cancelling those components.

Abstract: A wireless communication system non-collaborative, multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) space division multiple access (SDMA) system determines subscriber station combining and weighting vectors that yield a high average signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Each subscriber station independently transmits information to a base station that allows the base station to determine a weight vector wi for each subscriber station using the determined combining vector of the subscriber station. The ith combining vector corresponds to a right singular vector corresponding to a maximum singular value of a channel matrix between a base station and the ith subscriber station. Each subscriber station transmits signals using a weight vector vi, which corresponds to a left singular vector corresponding to a maximum singular value of a channel matrix between the ith subscriber station and the base station. The base station uses the weight vector wi to determine the signal transmitted by the ith subscriber station.

Abstract: Communication network architectures, systems and methods for supporting a network of mobile nodes. As non-limiting examples, various aspects of this disclosure provide systems and methods for adapting fixed access point coverage and/or power input/output in a network of moving things that may include autonomous vehicles.

Abstract: An interference suppression (IS) time/frequency zone for improved interference suppression at the user equipment (UE) is provided. The IS time/frequency zone can be scheduled and set up using existing signaling of the Almost Blank Subframe (ABS) framework. This includes using the existing signaling of the ABS framework to schedule the IS time/frequency zone, coordinate transmission parameters among base stations for the IS time/frequency zone, and signal the IS time/frequency zone to the UE. In another aspect, interfering base stations align respective reference signals during the IS time/frequency zone, which allows the UE to measure the channels from its serving base station and/or the interfering base stations(s). With channel state information knowledge at the UE, interference alignment can be achieved at the UE during the IS time/frequency zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining placement of a plurality of antennas of a distributed antenna system for handling MIMO signals includes, at a first location, simulating the communication of a first MIMO signal by a first remote unit over an air interface in an environment and, at a second location, simulating the communication of a second MIMO signal by a second remote unit over an air interface in the environment. The first and second locations are arranged within the environment to provide overlapping signal coverage of both the first MIMO signal and the second MIMO signal at a third location in the environment. Analysis is made of at least an imbalance of received power between the first and second MIMO signals within the environment at a third location in order to determine whether a desired capacity for MIMO communications with the system has been achieved at the third location.

Abstract: An In-Building Communications system is disclosed which permits communication in tunnels, underground parking garages, tall buildings such as skyscrapers, buildings having thick walls of concrete or metal, and/or any building which has communication dead zones due to electromagnetic shielding. The invention includes a portable bi-directional amplifier (BDA) system, an outdoor antenna system attached to the building or independently mountable, an indoor antenna system attached to the building or independently mountable inside the building, and a standardized, In-Building Communications (IBC) interface box affixed preferably to the exterior of the building. The interface box communicates with antenna systems attached to the building.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, and a system for processing an interference signal, so as to eliminate an interference signal in a full duplex multi-antenna system. The method includes: receiving a radio signal, where the signal includes a self-interference signal of a transmit antenna, and the self-interference signal includes a first self-interference signal, and a second self-interference signal; performing primary interference cancellation processing, by using a first reference signal, on the received signal to eliminate the first self-interference signal; and performing secondary interference cancellation processing, by using a second reference signal, on the signal after the primary interference cancellation processing to eliminate the second self-interference signal.

Abstract: Automatic Gain Control (AGC) system for multi-channel signals attenuates an incoming multi-channel signal by providing a gain. The system further adjusts each individual channel, of the multi-channel signal, by supplying a second gain if needed. The AGC system is designed to ensure a received signal power is at an optimal level for analog to digital conversion or any other form of signal processing. The system also enables elimination of mid-packet gain adjustments.

Abstract: A user apparatus for use in a radio communication system, including: an interference reduction process unit configured to reduce, from a received signal received by the user apparatus, an interference signal that becomes interference to a desired signal so as to obtain the desired signal; an interference reduction process execution determination unit configured to measure reception quality of the interference signal, and to determine whether to regard the interference signal as a target of interference reduction processing based on the reception quality, wherein the interference reduction process execution determination unit determines whether to regard the interference signal as the target of interference reduction processing by comparing a first indicator value of the interference signal that is estimated from the reception quality with a second indicator value that is used for transmission of the interference signal.

Abstract: A transceiver front-end is connectable to a signal transmission and reception arrangement adapted to transmit and receive with respective frequencies. The transceiver front-end comprises at least one of a transmit frequency blocking arrangement and a receive frequency blocking arrangement. For instance, the transmit frequency blocking arrangement has a blocking and non-blocking frequency interval associated with the transmit frequency and receive frequency, respectively, and is adapted to block passage of transmit frequency signals between the signal transmission and reception arrangement and the receiver. At least one of the transmit frequency blocking arrangement and the receive frequency blocking arrangement comprises a network of passive components comprising at least one transformer and a frequency translated impedance adapted to have a higher impedance value in the blocking frequency interval than in the non-blocking frequency interval.

Abstract: Receiver and method in a receiver, for iterative channel estimation and data decoding of signals received from a radio network node, located in a wireless communication network. The method comprises detecting a signal of the radio network node, performing channel estimation of the detected signal, based on iterative application of a Space Alternating Generalized Expectation and maximization, SAGE, algorithm, determining a channel/link quality, based on the performed channel estimation and the estimated channel parameters, selecting Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output, MIMO, detector, based on the determined channel quality, determining to enable and/or disable, respectively, soft-Iterative Channel Estimation, soft-ICE, based on the determined channel quality, and iterating the performed channel estimation for a predetermined number of times.

Abstract: A radio communication device is described comprising: a receiver configured to receive radio signals on a radio channel; a noise level determination circuit configured to determine a noise level of the radio signals; an interference determination circuit configured to determine interference information indicating an amount of interference of the radio signals with other signals; an equalizer configured to determine a softbit based on the radio signals and based on the noise level; and a scaling circuit configured to scale based on the determined interference information at least one of the noise level or the softbit.

Abstract: In one implementation, a wireless communication terminal includes a primary antenna array and a first controller configured to steer a main beam of the primary antenna array in a desired direction. The wireless communication terminal also includes an auxiliary antenna array and a second controller configured to control complex weights to be applied by at least some antenna elements of the auxiliary antenna array to corresponding variants of a second signal received by the at least some auxiliary antenna elements. Furthermore, the wireless communication terminal includes at least one signal combiner configured to combine variants of the second signal received from auxiliary antenna elements into an interfering signal that models interference from a co-located wireless communication terminal and subtract the interfering signal from variants of the first signal received from antenna elements of the principal antenna array to produce an interference mitigated signal.

Abstract: An example method for determining and managing upstream profiles in Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) 3.1 network environments is provided and includes determining, at a Converged Cable Access Platform (CCAP) core, channel conditions independent of any channel effect over a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) network between a remote physical layer (R-PHY) entity coupled to the CCAP core and a cable modem (CM) in the DOCSIS 3.1 network environment, and assigning an upstream profile to the CM based on the channel conditions. In specific embodiments, the channel conditions include signal to noise ratio (SNR), modulation error ratio (MER) or group delay. In some embodiments, assigning the upstream profile includes determining a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) order based on the SNR or MER, and determining a pilot pattern based on the group delay, the combination of the QAM order and the pilot pattern identifying the upstream profile.

Abstract: A method of controlling interference in a cellular communications network comprises, in a first base station of the network: determining that the first base station is suffering from uncontrolled interference from at least one other base station of the network; based on information received from at least one other base station of the network regarding estimates of interference caused at the first base station by at least one user equipment device connected to the respective other base station, selecting a proposed action to mitigate said interference; and notifying the respective other base station of the selection of the proposed action.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for multi-input multi-output transmission of a base station in a wireless communication system. The method includes obtaining channel information of one or more terminals, classifying the one or more terminals into one or more classes and one or more groups dependent on the class based on the channel information, determining a group beamforming matrix for each of the one or more groups, performing group beamforming transmission on terminals belonging to each of the one or more groups based on the group beamforming matrix, obtaining single user-channel quality indicator (SU-CQI) information and interference signal information of each of the terminals belonging to each of the one or more groups, and scheduling the terminals based on the SU-CQI information and the interference signal information.

Abstract: Methods and systems disclosed herein may include receiving signals along a traveled path over a period of time; recording signal power levels of the received signals over the period of time; receiving a first estimated track of the traveled path; identifying a feature of the received signal power levels, wherein the feature is caused by the signals having traveled different propagation paths; and generating a second estimated track based on the feature and the first estimated track.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an estimation apparatus and method for nonlinear distortion and a receiver. The estimation method for nonlinear distortion includes: sampling a band-limited analog signal to obtain a sampling sequence; calculating a nonlinear perturbation coefficient in nonlinear distortion estimation based on a Nyquist pulse; calculating a nonlinear perturbation term superimposed on a signal by using the nonlinear perturbation coefficient and the sampling sequence; and calculating a nonlinear distortion waveform by using the nonlinear perturbation term. With the embodiments of the present disclosure, not only any modulation formats are compatible, but also advantages of high precision and good adaptability may be achieved.

Abstract: An approach is provided for increasing transmission throughput rates for a source signal transmitted over a wireless channel, applying faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling rates combined with tight frequency roll-off to the a source signal. A receiver is provided that compensates for ISI effects induced by the FTN rate and tight frequency roll-off, where the complexity of the receiver grows only linearly with the interference memory. The receiver comprises an equalizer configured to compensate for the ISI effects, and a decoder configured to decode the output of the equalizer to determine and regenerate the source signal. The receiver processes the received signal via a plurality of processing iterations. For one processing iteration, the decoder generates a set of a posteriori soft information based on the output of the equalizer, and the equalizer uses the a posteriori soft information as a priori soft information for a subsequent processing iteration.

Abstract: At certain beamforming angles (i.e., those greater than a threshold amount) a sidelobe of a beamforming pattern used by a first sector may be pointed at wireless devices being serviced by a second sector. This causes the interference experienced by the first sector to be increased due to the transmissions of the wireless devices being serviced by the second sector. To help mitigate the interference experienced by the first sector, when the access node determines it is using a beamforming angle that may be susceptible to interference from the second sector (e.g., beamforming angle greater than a threshold), the first sector selects an amount of TTI bundling to be used by a wireless device. By configuring a wireless device to use TTI bundling (i.e., increase redundancy), the link budget for the wireless device is improved thereby lessening the effects of the interference being received via the sidelobe.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices enable spectrum management by identifying, classifying, and cataloging signals of interest based on radio frequency measurements. In an embodiment, signals and the parameters of the signals may be identified and indications of available frequencies may be presented to a user. In another embodiment, the protocols of signals may also be identified. In a further embodiment, the modulation of signals, data types carried by the signals, and estimated signal origins may be identified.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus, computer implemented method and method for preforming channel estimation in a millimeter wave wireless communication system which includes receiving complementary sequences at a receiver of the millimeter wave wireless communication system; estimating a channel estimation of a channel among the received complementary sequences; estimating a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation of the channel; detecting a maximum channel response value of the channel estimation; computing a de-noised threshold value from the maximum channel response value and the SNR estimation of the channel; comparing the de-noised threshold value to the channel estimation to detect a last valid tap of a channel impulse response; and zeroing out all the taps after the detected last valid tap of the channel impulse response.

Abstract: A base station in a cellular radio network and user equipment assigned to a cell are linked by an air interface for communication on a respective communication channel in a communication band. The same communication band is common to at least one of the cells and to the user equipment on the respective communication channel of a cell. A jamming transmitter is detected by decoding a cell, by way of successful reading of control information of the cell, detecting a wideband power parameter representative of the communication band, and detecting a channel power parameter representative for a part of the communication band that is a communication channel. A narrowband jamming transmitter is indicated in the case that decoding of the cell failed, the wideband power parameter is not above a first threshold, and the channel power parameter is above a second threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of receiving a broadcast signal. The method comprises receiving the broadcast signal; an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) demodulating on the received broadcast signal; parsing at least one signal frame from the demodulated broadcast signal to extract service data or service component data; converting the service data or service component data into bits; decoding the converted bits; and outputting a data stream comprising the decoded bits.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes a method for simplified computation of metrics of cross-correlations of binary codes and for using the metrics for signal processing applications. The method includes computing an outer product matrix based on a first code vector. The method further includes computing an outer product matrix based on at least one second code vector. The method further includes computing a metric of cross-correlations between the first code and the at least one second code vector using the outer product matrices. The method further includes using the metric to perform a signal processing operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technology that sets an offset value with respect to a received power of a reference signal from each of base station apparatuses, taking into consideration a difference between precoding schemes, in a wireless communication system that supports multiple different precoding schemes. The base station apparatus according to the present invention communicates with at least one of terminal apparatuses using the multiple different precoding schemes. The base station apparatus according to the present invention includes a transmission unit that transmits to the terminal apparatus multiple offset values that are to be added by the terminal apparatus to the received power of the reference signal from the base station apparatus, in which the multiple offset values correspond to the multiple precoding schemes, respectively.

Abstract: A tracking method and apparatus of a communication system to prevent a timing difference and bit error rate performance degradation caused by unstable characteristics of a plurality of circuit devices are provided. The tracking method and apparatus include sampling signals received at receiving antennas, tracking sample values resulting from the sampling of the signals, and combining the tracked sample values.

Abstract: Provided are a transmitter, receiver and method of transmitting and receiving Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The transmitter includes: a sub carrier grouping part configured to perform grouping of a plurality of sub carriers into a plurality of groups, and to change phases and/or amplitudes of the plurality of sub carriers by group; and a transmitting part configured to generate at least one OFDM symbol from the plurality of sub carriers of which the phases and/or the amplitudes have been randomly changed by group, and to transmit the OFDM symbol and information about the grouping.

Abstract: This application discloses a neural network that also functions as a connection oriented packet data network using an MPLS-type label switching technology. The neural network uses its intelligence to build and manage label switched paths (LSPs) to transport user packets and solve complex mathematical problems. However, the methods taught here can be applied to other data networks including ad-hoc, mobile, and traditional packet networks, cell or frame-switched networks, time-slot networks and the like.

Abstract: The method comprising passing, a base station or a user terminal, information comprising data signals and encoding, a first and a second turbo encoders, said received data signals, generating two different turbo code blocks comprising a set of systematic and parity bits. Where, in order to enhance detection the two different turbo code blocks are simultaneously transmitted through a wireless OFDM system and wherein the data signals to be encoded by said second turbo encoder are interleaved prior encoding by an external bit interleaver. The system of the invention is arranged to implement the method of the invention.

Abstract: In MIMO scenarios, a mobile terminal (1400) can be exposed to signals intended for wireless terminals (640) other than the mobile terminal (1400). If the mobile terminal (1400) is capable of performing interference cancellation, then a network node (1000), such as a base station (610, 620) or RNC (630), can provide the mobile terminal (1400) with interference information so that the mobile terminal (1400) can efficiently cancel interferences due to these interfering signals. The network node (1000) may provide the mobile terminal (1400) with interference information if it determines that mobile terminal (1400) will benefit from the information. The mobile terminal (1400) may cancel the interfering signals from the received signal based on the interference information.