Abstract: An image decoding method, according to the present disclosure may comprise: acquiring, from a bitstream, image information including adaptive loop filter (ALF) information including, alternative filter information for a chroma component of a current block, and residual information; generating reconstructed samples for the current block on the basis of the residual information; and generating modified reconstructed samples for the chroma component of the current block on the basis of the alternative filter information.

Abstract: An approach for reconstructing a Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) unit for video decoding using at least one processor includes decoding a first syntax element included in a NAL unit header; determining, based on the first syntax element, a NAL unit class including a plurality of NAL unit types; decoding a second syntax element included in the NAL unit header; and based on the NAL unit class being a first NAL unit class, determining a NAL unit type from among the NAL unit types using a combination of the NAL unit class and the second syntax element, and reconstructing the NAL unit based on the determined NAL unit type; and based on the NAL unit class being a second NAL unit class, determining a temporal identifier (TID) based on the second syntax element, and reconstructing the NAL unit based on the determined TID.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels, each pixel belonging to one of N subframes each characterized by (a) a same exposure-time sequence that includes a short exposure-time alternating with a long exposure-time, and (b) a respective temporal offset equal to a multiple of the short exposure-time. A method for encoding a video stream captured by the image sensor includes (i) for each subframe, linearly combining a long-exposure image, captured at the long exposure-time, and a short-exposure image, captured at the short exposure-time, to yield a residual image, (ii) combining at least some of the long-exposure images from the N subframes to yield a full-frame image having a higher resolution than any long-exposure image, (iii) encoding the full-frame image into a base layer of the video stream, and (iv) encoding at least some of the residual images from the N subframes into an enhancement layer of the video stream.

Abstract: An image includes a plurality of rows of largest coding units (LCUs). Encoding the image includes determining whether or not wavefront parallel processing is enabled, and partitioning the plurality of rows of LCUs to comprise a normal slice and a group of dependent slices. The normal slice includes at least one LCU, and the group of dependent slices includes at least one LCU and consists of every dependent slice that uses information from a slice header of the normal slice for encoding. Based on the determination that wavefront parallel processing is enabled, the partitioning of the plurality of rows of LCUs is restricted such that a last LCU in the group of dependent slices belongs in a same row as a first LCU of the normal slice when the first LCU of the normal slice is not a first LCU of the row.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video encoding and decoding. In some embodiments a method comprises at least one of the following: encoding into a bitstream an indication that motion fields are stored, but only for inter-layer motion prediction; encoding into a bitstream an indication on a limited scope of motion field usage; encoding into a bitstream an indication whether or not to use the motion field for prediction; encoding into a bitstream an indication of storage parameters for storing motion information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and devices for decoding video signals using inter prediction. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method for processing a video signal comprises constructing a reference picture list of a current picture in the video signal and performing a prediction for a current picture by using the reference picture list, wherein constructing the reference picture list comprising, if a first entry of the reference picture list corresponds to a short-term reference picture (STRP), obtaining a picture order count (POC) difference between a picture related to the first entry and another picture, and if a second entry of the reference picture list corresponds to a long-term reference picture (LTRP), obtaining a POC modulo value of a picture related to the second entry. A reference picture list for identifying a picture may be generated in a simplified and effective manner. Thus, the compression performance may be increased, and the computation time may be decreased.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided to encode and decode a data stream carrying data representative of a three-dimensional scene, the data stream comprising color pictures packed in a color image; depth pictures packed in a depth image; and a set of patch data items comprising de-projection data; data for retrieving a color picture in the color image and geometry data. These data are inserted in the video track of the stream with associated temporal information. The color and depth pictures that are repeated at least two times in a sequence of patches are not packed in the images but inserted in the image track of the stream and are pointed by color or geometry data.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are described herein for processing video data. For example, a process can include obtaining a video bitstream, the video bitstream including adaptive loop filter (ALF) data. The process can further include determining a value of an ALF chroma filter signal flag from the ALF data, the value of the ALF chroma filter signal flag indicating whether chroma ALF filter data is signaled in the video bitstream. The process can further include processing at least a portion of a slice of video data based on the value of the ALF chroma filter signal flag.

Abstract: An example method of video processing includes making a determination, for a conversion between a current video block of a video and a bitstream representation of the video, whether a cross-component adaptive loop filtering tool is enabled for the current video block based on a color property of the video. The method also includes performing the conversion according to the determination.

Abstract: A method for specifying layout of subpictures is provided. A video decoder receives data from a bitstream to be decoded as a current picture of a video. The video decoder parses the bitstream for positions and sizes of multiple subpictures of the current picture. A position of a first subpicture and a size of a last subpicture are skipped during the parsing. The video decoder reconstructs the current picture and the subpictures of the current picture according to the positions and the sizes of the subpictures.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of coding video data. The method comprising: determining a largest coding unit size for a picture; determining whether a largest coding unit within a picture is an intra type largest coding unit; and applying a partitioning to the largest coding unit based on whether the largest coding unit is an intra type largest coding unit.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing device including a decoding section that decodes an encoded stream to generate an image, a line determining section that determines whether to apply a deblocking filter to each of lines perpendicular to a boundary in neighboring blocks neighboring across the boundary in the image generated by the decoding section, and a filtering section that applies the deblocking filter to each line to which the line determining section determines to apply the deblocking filter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image processing device and a method thereof, an imaging element, and an imaging device in which a signal value deviation generated through encoding and decoding of an amplified signal group can be restrained. Adaptive processing is executed on an image in which signal amplification has been executed, and the resultant image is encoded. For example, an offset value that is randomly set within a value range that depends on a gain value of the signal amplification executed on the image is added to each pixel value of the image, and then, the resultant image is encoded. The present disclosure is applicable to an image processing device, an image encoding device, an image decoding device, an imaging element, or an imaging device, for example.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a computing system may access color components of a pixel region in an image, and then determine a color variance for each of the color components. The computing system may further determine a desired bit allocation for each of the color components based on the color variance associated with that color component. The computing system may then determine a total bit allocation for the pixel region based on the desired bit allocations for the color components, as well as a number of unallocated bits available for allocation. The computing system may further determine a final bit allocation for each of the color components by allocating the total bit allocation to each of the color components according to the desired bit allocation for each of the color components. The computing system may then encode each of the color components using the associated final bit allocation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and devices for decoding video signals using inter prediction. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method for processing a video signal comprises constructing a reference picture list of a current picture in the video signal and performing a prediction for a current picture by using the reference picture list, wherein constructing the reference picture list comprising, if a first entry of the reference picture list corresponds to a short-term reference picture (STRP), obtaining a picture order count (POC) difference between a picture related to the first entry and another picture, and if a second entry of the reference picture list corresponds to a long-term reference picture (LTRP), obtaining a POC modulo value of a picture related to the second entry. A reference picture list for identifying a picture may be generated in a simplified and effective manner. Thus, the compression performance may be increased, and the computation time may be decreased.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an encoder is configured to ensure that for each long-term picture of a RPS of a picture i the value of a flag referred to as delta_poc_msb_present_flag[i] is equal to 1 when there are at least two reference pictures in a decoded picture buffer with lsb's of the POC referred to as pic_order_cnt_lsb equal to the lsb's of the respective long-term picture i denoted POC lsbLt[i]. When the delta_poc_msb_present_flag is equal to 1, the long-term picture is indicated by the full POC.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a subsequence-based encoding application generates subsequences based on a source sequence associated with a media title. The subsequence-based encoding application then encodes both a first subsequence and a second subsequence across each of multiple configured encoders and at least one rate control value to generate, respectively, a first set of encoded subsequences and a second set of encoded subsequences. Notably, each configured encoder is associated with a combination of an encoder and a configuration, and at least two configured encoders are different from one another. Subsequently, the subsequence-based encoding application generates encoded media sequences based on the first set of encoded subsequences and the second set of encoded subsequences. Finally, the application selects a first encoded media sequence from the encoded media sequences based on a first target value for a media metric to subsequently stream to a first endpoint device during playback of the media title.

Abstract: A video image decoding device receives, as the code string to be decoded, a first code string to be decoded including information based on an encoded residual coefficient and header information or a second code string to be decoded including a residual image obtained in encoding the code string to be decoded and header information. The video image decoding device, when the code string to be decoded that is received by the receiver is the first code string to be decoded, adds the residual decoded image and the predictive image to each other to generate and output a reconstructed image and, when the code string to be decoded received by the receiver is the second code string to be decoded, adds a residual image included in the second code string to be decoded and the predictive image to each other to generate and output a reconstructed image.

Abstract: For example, an apparatus may include a video encoder configured to encode video data into a parallel plurality of encoded video streams, the parallel plurality of encoded video streams including the video data encoded according to a respective plurality of different video bitrates; a selector configured to select, based on one or more parameters corresponding to a condition of a wireless communication link, a selected encoded video stream from the parallel plurality of encoded video streams; and a radio to transmit the selected encoded video stream over the wireless communication link.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing maximum transform size control for decoding of a video sequence includes identifying, by a decoder, a high-level syntax element associated with the video sequence. A maximum transform size associated with the video sequence is determined based on identifying the high-level syntax element associated with the video sequence. The video sequence is decoded using the maximum transform size based on determining the maximum transform size associated with the video sequence. The video sequence is transmitted based on decoding the video sequence using the maximum transform size.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a coding mode for video data. The methods and apparatuses include receiving a bitstream of video data; enabling or disabling a coding mode for a video sequence, based on a first flag in the bitstream; and determining whether controlling of the coding mode is enabled or disabled at a level lower than a sequence level, based on a second flag in the bitstream.

Abstract: A method for downlink transmission in a cloud radio access network for a number of users is applied in a central unit. The central unit determines a specific number of remote radio heads (RRHs) as non-serving RRHs based on a predetermined data compression ratio. For each of many pieces of user equipment (UEs), the central unit determines a combination of RRHs which are non-serving in coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP) from a plurality of RRHs based on the determined specific number, and then performs CoMP downlink transmission based on the combination of RRHs which are non-serving in the CoMP.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a computer-implemented method for encoding video. The method includes coding one or more first flags in a sequence parameter set (SPS) of a bitstream, and coding at least one second flag in the SPS if one or more coding modes are enabled for a video sequence associated with the SPS. The one or more first flags indicate whether the one or more coding modes are enabled for the video sequence. The at least one second flag indicates whether a multi-level control is activated for the one or more coding modes.

Abstract: A signaling of the layer ID is described which each of the packets of a multi-layered video signal is associated with. In particular, an efficient way of signaling this layer association is achieved, with nevertheless maintaining the backward compatibility with codecs according to which a certain value of the base layer-ID field is restricted to be non-extendable such as base layer-ID value 0 in the base layer-ID field. Instead of circumventing this restriction specifically with respect to this non-extendable base layer-ID value, the layer-ID of portions of the multi-layer data stream is signaled in an extendable manner by sub-dividing the base layer-ID field into a first sub-field and a second sub-field: whenever the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field fulfills a predetermined criterion, an extension layer-ID field is provided, and if the first sub-field of the base layer-ID field does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, the extension layer-ID field is omitted.

Abstract: Concepts for transform coefficient block coding are described which enable coding of coefficients of a transform block in a manner suitable for dependent quantization and effectively implementable by entropy coding in terms of coding efficiency.

Abstract: A video encoding method of encoding a multi-view image including one or more basic view images and a plurality of reference view images includes determining a pruning order of the plurality of reference view images, acquiring a plurality of residual reference view images, by pruning the plurality of reference view images based on the one or more basic view images according to the pruning order, encoding the one or more basic view images and the plurality of residual reference view images, and outputting a bitstream including encoding information of the one or more basic view images and the plurality of residual reference view images.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and devices for decoding video signals using inter prediction. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method for processing a video signal comprises constructing a reference picture list of a current picture in the video signal and performing a prediction for a current picture by using the reference picture list, wherein constructing the reference picture list comprising, if a first entry of the reference picture list corresponds to a short-term reference picture (STRP), obtaining a picture order count (POC) difference between a picture related to the first entry and another picture, and if a second entry of the reference picture list corresponds to a long-term reference picture (LTRP), obtaining a POC modulo value of a picture related to the second entry. A reference picture list for identifying a picture may be generated in a simplified and effective manner. Thus, the compression performance may be increased, and the computation time may be decreased.

Abstract: An original input content is subjected to multiple constant quality probe encodes for a defined set of resolutions. In one embodiment, probe encodes encode a few parts of the original source video, for example, 30 seconds from 5 different positions. Each probe encode delivers an average bitrate that is required to achieve the configured constant quality. The mean value of the average bitrate is taken per resolution. This results in a list of bitrates that map to a resolution that would achieve the best quality, a custom bitrate table. Based on the custom bitrate table, an optimized bitrate ladder is computed. The process starts with a configurable minimum bitrate and steps up by a bitrate step size that is between a configurable min and max bitrate step size until the bitrate of the highest resolution is reached.

Abstract: Data are encoded into one or more optically encoded images. The optically encoded images are then inserted as image data into a video sequence—i.e., in video frames. Data are transmitted in-band within the video, via any conceivable video distribution channel or format. The video may be trans-coded as required—because the data are optically encoded, any video processing that even crudely preserves the frame images will preserve the optically encoded data. This scheme of in-band data transfer in video is very robust. A video receiving apparatus receives the video, inspects the image data from video frames in memory, detects optically encoded images in the image data, and decodes the optically encoded images to recover the data. The frames carrying optically encoded images are typically discarded and not rendered to a display. The data from a plurality of optically encoded images may be concatenated, and further processed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for encoding code blocks for transmission in a wireless communication system. An example encoding method in a wireless communication system includes determining, for one or more code blocks of a transport block, that at least one of a plurality of criteria is met, wherein the plurality of criteria includes that a coding rate (R) is less than or equal to ¼ or that a transport block size (TBS) is less than or equal to 3824 bits and the R is less than or equal to ?. The one or more code blocks are encoded using low-density parity-check (LDPC) base graph 2, wherein a maximum code block size is 3840 bits. The one or more encoded code blocks are transmitted over the wireless network.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a multimedia resource, including: determining target address information based on a media presentation description of a multimedia resource, where the media presentation description includes address information of the multimedia resource having different code rates, and the target address information is address information of the multimedia resource having a target code rate; and sending a frame acquiring request carrying the target address information to a server, where the frame acquiring request is configured to instruct the server to return media frames of the multimedia resource at the target code rate.

Abstract: A video encoder compresses video for real-time transmission to a video decoder of a remote teleoperator system that provides teleoperator support to the vehicle based on the real-time video. The video encoder recognizes one or more generic objects in captured video that can be removed from the video without affecting the ability of the teleoperator to control the vehicle. The video encoder removes regions of the video corresponding to the generic objects to compress the video, and generates a metadata stream encoding information about the removed objects. The video decoder generates replacement objects for the objects removed the compressed video. The video decoder inserts the rendered replacement objects into relevant regions of the compressed video to reconstruct the scene.

Abstract: A method, computer program, and computer system is provided for splitting viewport bitstreams. A first coded video bitstream is at least partially encoded using a first Group-of-Pictures (GOP) structure at a first resolution. A second coded video bitstream structured into a plurality of tiles is encoded using a second GOP structure at a second resolution, whereby the second GOP structure includes fewer coded pictures than the first GOP structure. A streaming bitstream for decoding or rendering is created using the first coded video bitstream and the second coded bitstream.

Abstract: An apparatus for decoding a current block in a scan order identifies a current entropy coded transform coefficient from the current block; determines, based on the scan order and using a scan order distance table, a first scan order distance that is a difference between a first scan order location corresponding to the current entropy coded transform coefficient and a second scan order location corresponding to a first context coefficient; identifies, using the first scan order distance, a first location into a context coefficient register; identifies, at the first location of the context coefficient register, a first context coefficient value; identifies a probability distribution using at least the first context coefficient value; entropy decodes the current entropy coded transform coefficient using the probability distribution to obtain an entropy decoded current transform coefficient; and includes the entropy decoded current transform coefficient in an output video stream.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, a device, and a computer program product for managing virtual visual content. A method for managing virtual visual content is provided, which includes: determining a plurality of content portions from virtual visual content that is to be interacted with a user, the plurality of content portions having different change frequencies in the interaction; and transmitting, based on the change frequencies, the plurality of content portions to a plurality of computing devices having different proximities to the user, respectively. Through the embodiments of the present disclosure, the delay of a user interacting with virtual visual content can be reduced.

Abstract: In some examples, an audio sending device receives a stream of application audio data, encodes the stream of application audio data, and in response to detecting an end of the stream of application audio data, provides pre-encoded filler audio data from a buffer in the audio sending device as an encoded stream of filler audio data. The audio sending device transmits the encoded stream of application audio data and the encoded stream of filler audio data in an encoded output data stream over a transport to an audio receiving device.

Abstract: Techniques are described for adaptation parameter sets (APS) for adaptive loop filter (ALF) parameters. One example involves obtaining an APS ID value and an APS type value associated with a NAL unit from a bitstream. A first APS associated with at least a portion of at least one picture is identified, with the first APS being uniquely identified by a combination of the APS type value and the APS identifier value, and the APS identifier value of the first APS is in a range based on the APS type value. The portion of the at least one picture is then reconstructed using an adaptive loop filter with parameters defined by the first APS uniquely identified by the APS type value and the APS identifier value.

Abstract: A video hardware engine with multi-threading functionality is disclosed. The video hardware engine includes a video hardware accelerator unit and a controller. The controller is coupled to the video hardware accelerator unit. The controller operates in an encode mode and a decode mode. In the encode mode, the controller receives a plurality of frames and encode attributes associated with each frame of the plurality of frames. The encode attributes associated with a frame of the plurality of frames is processed to generate encode parameters associated with the frame. The video hardware accelerator unit is configured to process the frame based on the encode parameters to generate an output. The output of the video hardware accelerator unit is processed to generate a compressed bit-stream and an encode status. In decode mode, the controller receives a compressed bit-stream and decode attributes and generates a plurality of frames and a decode status.

Abstract: A higher coding efficiency for coding a significance map indicating positions of significant transform coefficients within a transform coefficient block is achieved by the scan order by which the sequentially extracted syntax elements indicating, for associated positions within the transform coefficient block, as to whether at the respective position a significant or insignificant transform coefficient is situated, are sequentially associated to the positions of the transform coefficient block, among the positions of the transform coefficient block depends on the positions of the significant transform coefficients indicated by previously associated syntax elements. Alternatively, the first-type elements may be context-adaptively entropy decoded using contexts which are individually selected for each of the syntax elements dependent on a number of significant transform coefficients in a neighborhood of the respective syntax element, indicated as being significant by any of the preceding syntax elements.

Abstract: Provided is a method of embedding and extracting watermark data that is robust against geometric distortion and low-quality photographing and for which the probability of successfully extracting watermark data for an original image is high, while the probability of successfully extracting the watermark data in the case of unauthorized copying is seriously impaired. The data embedding method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a step of converting the noise-based image using watermark data, and a step of adjusting the original image using the converted noise-based image.

Abstract: Provided is a method of embedding and extracting watermark data that is robust against geometric distortion and low-quality photographing and for which the probability of successfully extracting watermark data for an original image is high, while the probability of successfully extracting the watermark data in the case of unauthorized copying is seriously impaired. The data embedding method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a step of converting the noise-based image using watermark data, and a step of adjusting the original image using the converted noise-based image.

Abstract: The parameters of an optical code are optimized to achieve improved signal robustness, reliability, capacity and/or visual quality. An optimization program can determine spatial density, dot distance, dot size and signal component priority to optimize robustness. An optical code generator employs these parameters to produce an optical code at the desired spatial density and robustness. The optical code is merged into a host image, such as imagery, text and graphics of a package or label, or it may be printed by itself, e.g., on an otherwise blank label or carton. A great number of other features and arrangements are also detailed.

Abstract: A machine-learning engine is disclosed that is configured to recognize and learn behaviors, as well as to identify and distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior within a scene, by analyzing movements and/or activities (or absence of such) over time. The machine-learning engine may be configured to evaluate a sequence of primitive events and associated kinematic data generated for an object depicted in a sequence of video frames and a related vector representation. The vector representation is generated from a primitive event symbol stream and a phase space symbol stream, and the streams describe actions of the objects depicted in the sequence of video frames.

Abstract: A system and method for providing secure private electronic communications. An exemplary method includes encrypting a hidden message using an encryption scheme; encoding the encrypted hidden message in a source message; providing the source message having the encoded hidden message by a first electronic device; and transmitting a decryption key to a second electronic device. Moreover, the second electronic device can capture the encoded hidden message provided by the first electronic device, decode the hidden message, and extract the hidden message using the decryption key so that the hidden message can be rendered by the second electronic device.

Abstract: A machine-learning engine is disclosed that is configured to recognize and learn behaviors, as well as to identify and distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior within a scene, by analyzing movements and/or activities (or absence of such) over time. The machine-learning engine may be configured to evaluate a sequence of primitive events and associated kinematic data generated for an object depicted in a sequence of video frames and a related vector representation. The vector representation is generated from a primitive event symbol stream and a phase space symbol stream, and the streams describe actions of the objects depicted in the sequence of video frames.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device 10 includes a pixel portion 20 in which a plurality of pixels including photodiodes are arranged in rows and columns, a reading part 90 for reading pixel signals from the pixel portion, and a key generation part 82 which generates a unique key by using at least one of pixel fluctuation information or reading part fluctuation information. According to this configuration, the tamper resistance of the unique key can be secured and consequently alteration and falsification of images can be prevented.

Abstract: A user verification system employs forward and rearward facing imaging devices on a mobile communication device. An image is displayed on the display of a computing device from which a user wishes to access computer services. The user captures the displayed image with one of the imaging devices on the mobile communication device and simultaneously takes a picture of the user. An authentication system compares the displayed image captured by the mobile communication device with a stored image to determine a match. A successful match results in a displayed match indicator. In addition, the captured facial image of the user is compared with a stored image of an authenticated user. A successful match between the captured facial image and the stored image results in the generation of a facial match indicator. Computer access is granted to an authenticated user only if both the captured display image and the captured facial image result in a match with the stored counterpart images.

Abstract: A higher coding efficiency for coding a significance map indicating positions of significant transform coefficients within a transform coefficient block is achieved by the scan order by which the sequentially extracted syntax elements indicating, for associated positions within the transform coefficient block, as to whether at the respective position a significant or insignificant transform coefficient is situated, are sequentially associated to the positions of the transform coefficient block, among the positions of the transform coefficient block depends on the positions of the significant transform coefficients indicated by previously associated syntax elements. Alternatively, the first-type elements may be context-adaptively entropy decoded using contexts which are individually selected for each of the syntax elements dependent on a number of significant transform coefficients in a neighborhood of the respective syntax element, indicated as being significant by any of the preceding syntax elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods for eyelid shape estimation are disclosed. In one aspect, after receiving an eye image of an eye (e.g., from an image capture device), an eye-box is generated over an iris of the eye in the eye image. A plurality of radial lines can be generated from approximately the center of the eye-box to an upper edge or a lower edge of the eye box. Candidate points can be determined to have local maximum derivatives along the plurality of radial lines. From the candidate points, an eyelid shape curve (e.g., for an upper eyelid or a lower eyelid) can be determined by fitting a curve (e.g., a parabola or a polynomial) to the candidate points or a subset of the candidate points.

Abstract: A thin high strength steel sheet having excellent formability has a composition which includes, by mass %, 0.08 to 0.15% of C, 0.5 to 1.5% of Si, 0.5 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.01 to 0.1% of Al, and 0.005% or less of N.