Abstract: This invention solves this problem by including an optical transmitter module and optical receiver module inside the connector so as to carry out spatial optical transmitting of optical signal obtained by conversion with the optical transmitter module for optical transmitting between the optical transmitter module and the optical receiver module opposing each other across space.

Abstract: Optical waveguides (A) and (B) of a Mach-Zehnder modulator is normally formed on a ?Z plane as an electric polarization non-inversion area. However, when the signal electrode 11 and the ground electrode 10 are provided asymmetrically on two waveguides, chirp occurs in output light, which is undesired. Therefore, these electrodes are provided symmetrically about the two waveguides. To effectively perform optical modulation, a part of the substrate in which an optical waveguide exists is to be electric polarization-inverted. As a result of the electric polarization inversion the optical waveguide is on the +Z plane. However, electric charge is accumulated on the +Z plane from unstable spontaneous electric polarization of an electric polarization inversion area, and has undesired influence on the performance of the optical modulator. Therefore, a conductive amorphous layer is formed on the surface of the electric polarization inversion area.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical switch including a substrate which has conductivity or semiconductivity, an optical waveguide layer which is formed on the substrate, and a control electrode which is formed on the optical waveguide layer. The optical waveguide layer includes an incident-side channel waveguide to which a light signal is incident and plural outgoing-side channel waveguides branched from the incident-side channel waveguide. The control electrode forms a reflection plane reflecting the incident light signal near a crossover portion of the plural outgoing-side channel waveguides by applying voltage to the optical waveguide layer with the substrate to control a refractive index of the optical waveguide layer, and switches propagation paths of the light signal.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with 1×2 thermo-optic digital optical switches known in the art as “Y-branch digital optical switches” and variable optical attenuators.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an optical device and a drive voltage supply device, which prevent occurrence of a DC drift and enable stable selection of light of desired wavelength without deteriorating a filtering characteristic. The optical device comprises a substrate having an electrooptical effect; an optical waveguide formed in this substrate; a plurality of comb electrode pairs which are arranged side by side along the optical waveguide, can apply an electric field for said electrooptical effect, and are formed from respective pairs of comb electrodes; and drive voltage supply means capable of supplying a drive voltage to said comb electrode pairs such that the voltage changes with time.

Abstract: Provided is an optical module including a microstrip line, a traveling wave type optical device positioned in the end of the microstrip line, and at least one balanced open stub connected to the microstrip line for the impedance matching at a specific frequency such as 40 GHz and 60 GHz. For the fine tuning, laser trimming can be applied to the stub. A transition region is formed between the optical device and the microstrip line. A termination resistor is formed to face the microstrip line with the optical device therebetween. A bandwidth can be controlled at a specific frequency by adjusting a number of the stubs or a value of the termination resistor.

Abstract: An SOI-based photonic bandgap (PBG) electro-optic device utilizes a patterned PBG structure to define a two-dimensional waveguide within an active waveguiding region of the SOI electro-optic device. The inclusion of the PBG columnar arrays within the SOI structure results in providing extremely tight lateral confinement of the optical mode within the waveguiding structure, thus significantly reducing the optical loss. By virtue of including the PBG structure, the associated electrical contacts may be placed in closer proximity to the active region without affecting the optical performance, thus increasing the switching speed of the electro-optic device. The overall device size, capacitance and resistance are also reduced as a consequence of using PBGs for lateral mode confinement.

Abstract: An optical switching element comprising: a multimode waveguide having an electro-optical effect; one or a plurality of first single mode waveguides; a plurality of second single mode waveguides; a first electrode arranged in the vicinity of one edge on one side of the multimode waveguide; a second electrode arranged in the vicinity of the other edge on the same side of the multimode waveguide; and a third electrode arranged on the other side of the multimode waveguide, over the first electrode and the second electrode being arranged so as to be positioned on luminescent spots in an optical mode field generated by the light propagating through the multimode waveguide, and an optical path being switched between the first single mode waveguide and the second single mode waveguide by applying voltage between the first electrode and the third electrode and between the second electrode and the third electrode, is provided.

Abstract: An electro-optical circuit board is provided, which includes an electrical wiring board and an optical wiring board. The optical wiring board includes a first metal substrate, an optical guiding layer formed on the first metal substrate, and a metal supporting structure formed around the optical guiding layer, wherein the optical guiding layer includes an optical waveguide and a clad wrapping the optical waveguide. When the electrical wiring board is joined with the optical wiring board through a laminating process, the metal supporting structure absorbs the pressure applied to the electro-optical circuit board.

Abstract: Major surface of a substrate having an optical waveguide and a modulation electrode is pasted to a base substrate through a thermosetting resin, and then the rear surface of the substrate is machined thus making thin the entirety. Subsequently, the rear surface of the substrate thus rendered thin is subjected to machining or laser machining to form a thin part, which is further subjected to machining or laser machining to form a first thin part at a part, including the optical waveguide, of the thin part and a second thin part thinner than the first thin part contiguously thereto. Thereafter, the rear surface of the substrate is pasted to the major surface of a supporting substrate through a thermosetting resin and the base substrate is stripped thus obtaining an optical modulator.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a substrate which has electro-optical effect; a first optical modulator which has a pair of waveguides formed in the substrate; a second optical modulator which has a pair of waveguides formed in the substrate; a waveguide coupler which is provided in an output of the first optical modulator, the waveguide coupler being able to couple and branch light propagating through the pair of waveguides of the first optical modulator; and a delay connecting section which gives differential delay to the output branched by the waveguide coupler and inputs the output to the pair of waveguide of the second optical modulator. As a result, the optical communication device and optical device in which insertion loss is reduced compared with the conventional optical modulator can be provided.

Abstract: In an optical element aimed at readily and accurately controlling a refractive index of an electrooptic effect film, and at making the device adaptive to further downsizing, a voltage control unit controls the refractive index of light in an optical waveguide between two values of a first voltage and a second voltage bounded at a predetermined voltage which corresponds to an anti-ferroelectric phase transition point, based on a fact that the refractive index of a core layer of the optical waveguide largely varies in a digital manner at the predetermined voltage, but is kept almost constant thereunder and thereabove.

Abstract: An integrated active electrical waveguide is described for optical waveguide modulators. The active waveguide may include an optical waveguide, a plurality of modulators integrated into the waveguide to modulate the index of refraction of the waveguide, and a plurality of local amplifiers, each coupled to a modulator.

Abstract: An optical wave guide device is manufactured by bonding an optical wave guide to an optical modulator through an upper cladding layer. The optical wave guide includes a glass substrate, a lower cladding layer and cores, and the optical modulator includes elements (heaters), which are disposed on the lower surface of a glass substrate, for modulating the light propagating in the cores, and electrodes and wire bond pads which are disposed on the front surface thereof. The elements are connected to the electrodes via through-holes. With this arrangement, there can be provided an optical waveguide device, in which cores are not degraded in manufacturing processes and elements for modulating the light propagating in the cores are unlikely to be exfoliated.

Abstract: An optical signal to electrical signal converter of the present invention comprises an optical waveguide propagating a modulated optical signal therethrough; a pair of electrodes disposed at positions opposite to each other sandwiching the optical waveguide with in a region where an electric field reaches that is generated in the optical waveguide when the optical signal propagates through the optical waveguide; and a resonator coupled to the pair of electrodes, the resonator receiving for excitation an electrical signal induced at the pair of electrodes by the electric field.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical modulator wherein appearance of radiation mode light can be suppressed to improve performances as a device. The optical modulator includes a multiplexing waveguide which in turn includes two input waveguides to which propagation lights from a linear waveguide are inputted, a waveguide coupling element, and two output waveguides. The width of the waveguide coupling element on the input side is greater than the total width of the two input waveguides, and the width of the waveguide coupling element on the output side is greater than the total width of the two output waveguides. The device of the present invention is applied typically to an optical communication system.

Abstract: An optoelectronic system includes an optical signal modulator, an optical input guide and an optical output guide connected to the optical signal modulator. The system further includes a reflective optical element in the optical signal modulator, the element disposed to reflect an input light beam incident through the optical input guide into an output light beam through the optical output guide. The system further includes electrical terminals in the optical signal modulator. The electrical terminals are configured such that an electrical signal on the electrical terminals is operable to interact with the input light beam.

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder type semiconductor device comprises electrodes for injecting carriers into first and second branch waveguides so as to change reflection indexes of the first and second branch waveguides. The device further includes electrodes which are placed above either one of the first or second branch waveguides or both of the first or second branch waveguides so as to remove the carriers. The Mach-Zehnder type semiconductor device can adjust a phase difference between first and second split lights transmitting through first and second branch waveguides, respectively, even if the lengths of the first and second branch waveguides are deviated from those designed values. The Mach-Zehnder type semiconductor device also can suppress optical loss of the first and second lights and generate an outgoing light without deterioration.

Abstract: An improved electro-optical system has a planar waveguide coupled to a photodetector through a transparent substrate. The planar waveguide is within a planar optical structure that can be part of optical communication network. The photodetector is positioned to receive light that passes from the waveguide through the transparent substrate. The photodetector can be electrically coupled to electrical circuitry along the transparent substrate for connection to a electrical apparatus. Corresponding methods for forming the electro-optical structure are described. These improved electro-optical systems can be used for terminating an optical transmission system at an end user or a local network associated with a group of end users.

Abstract: Laser light emitted from a vertically confined surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is incident on a side surface near an end region of an optical waveguide. The end region of the optical waveguide is processed by polishing to taper at an angle of 45 degrees, and an optical modulator is formed on the polished surface. The optical modulator is a Fabry-Perot modulator using a linear electro-optical effect. The modulator has a thick transparent electro-optical layer which is deposited by using an aerosol deposition method.

Abstract: Light pulses can be stopped and stored coherently, with an all-optical process that involves an adiabatic and reversible pulse bandwidth compression occurring entirely in the optical domain. Such a process overcomes the fundamental bandwidth-delay constraint in optics, and can generate arbitrarily small group velocities for light pulses with a given bandwidth, without the use of any coherent or resonant light-matter interactions. This is accomplished only by small refractive index modulations performed at moderate speeds and has applications ranging from quantum communications and computing to coherent all-optical memory devices. A complete time reversal and/or temporal/spectral compression and expansion operation on any electromagnetic field is accomplished using only small refractive index modulations and linear optical elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is an immersion lithography system comprising a liquid crystal media. The liquid crystal is positioned between an objective lens and a substrate stage. A liquid crystal controller having a first electrode and a second electrode is configured to control the liquid crystal during an exposure process.

Abstract: A power harvesting module comprises at least one electromagnetic (EM) radiation intensity modulator configured to receive a first EM radiation from at least one source and at least one energy converter configured to at least partially convert the energy of the first EM radiation during modulation into electrical energy.

Abstract: A semiconductor based Raman laser and/or amplifier with reduced two-photon absorption generated carrier lifetimes. An apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention includes optical waveguide disposed in semiconductor material and a diode structure disposed in the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide is to be coupled to a pump laser to receive a first optical beam having a first wavelength and a first power level to result in emission of a second optical beam of a second wavelength in the semiconductor waveguide. The diode structure is to be biased to sweep out free carriers from the optical waveguide generated in response to two photon absorption in the optical waveguide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optic directional coupler suitable for use as a variable optical attenuator at reduced voltages compared to those known in the prior art. The present invention has found that by careful selection of an asymmetric directional coupler geometry, the transfer function of the device can be shifted so that it has an operating point between maximum and minimum transmission. Signal electrodes driven in push pull configuration advantageously use this operating point to achieve significant reduction in operating voltages for switching to maximum or minimum transmission. Asymmetry is created in the directional coupler by forming the waveguides to have different propagation constants by a difference in waveguide width, depth, index of refraction or index profile.

Abstract: An optical modulator of the invention includes a substrate having an optical waveguide and an electric waveguide formed therein, a driving circuit that generates a modulation electric signal, a relay circuit that gives the modulation electric signal to the electric waveguide via an electric filter circuit made of a capacitor and a resistor, and a terminal resistor that terminates the modulation electric signal that has propagated through the electric waveguide. The sum of the impedance of the electric filter circuit and the resistance of the terminal resistor is set to be substantially equal to the impedance of the driving circuit. Also, the resistance of the terminal resistor is set to be substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the electric waveguide. Then, deterioration of the electric reflection characteristic in a low-frequency region can be restrained even if the frequency characteristic of the optical response is flattened and leveled by application of the electric filter circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly-integrated and compact optical element and further provides an optical element having various functions such as lower driving voltage, chirping suppression and polarization-independency. The optical element has a substrate 1 formed of a material having an electrooptic effect, a plurality of optical waveguides formed on the substrate, and a modulating electrode for applying electric field into the optical waveguides, and is characterized in that the modulating electrode has at least two branching and confluence lines on the same line for applying the same modulating signal into different optical waveguides.

Abstract: Provided is an optical deflector for deflecting radiation beams. The optical deflector includes: a peripheral region having a first effective refractive index; and a deflection pattern region having a predetermined shape and a second effective refractive index, wherein the second effective refractive index differs from the first effective refractive index. Here, due to the deflection pattern region having the predetermined shape, the radiation beams are deflected in a direction starting from a certain point. By using the optical deflector, the locus of a light source can be designed in one of various forms, such as a straight line, a circle, an ellipse, or a parabola.

Abstract: An optical mode converter comprising a slow wave electrode structure and including Schottky barriers for preventing an accumulation of free carriers in the optical waveguide region of the converter. The Schottky barriers are also used for suppressing higher order modes in the waveguide. Low refractive index insulators are used to allow efficient driving of the device without hindering the impedance or the microwave index of the optical mode converter. Two-photon absorption processes are eliminated through the use of a waveguide semiconductor material having a bandgap of at least twice the photon energy of the light beam propagating through the optical mode converter.

Abstract: A nanowire switching device and method. The device has a nanowire structure comprising an elongated member having a cross-sectional area ranging from about 1 nanometers but less than about 500 nanometers, but can also be at other dimensions, which vary or are substantially constant or any combination of these. The device also has a first terminal coupled to a first portion of the nanowire structure; and a second terminal coupled to a second portion of the nanowire structure. The second portion of the nanowire structure is disposed spatially from the first portion of the nanowire structure. An active surface structure is coupled to the nanowire structure. The active surface structure extends from the first portion to the second portion along the elongated member.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, an ultra high speed miniature image acquisition system based on a scanning light beam for use with clinical endoscopic imaging applications, for example, is disclosed. In one embodiment, the image acquisition system may include a horizontal beam deflector disposed in an electro-optic polymer waveguide may disperse an incident light beam into a spectrum in a horizontal direction. A vertical beam deflector disposed in the waveguide and optically coupled to the horizontal beam deflector may deflect the horizontally dispersed spectrum in a vertical direction. An electrical charge may be applied to the electro-optic polymer.

Abstract: An integrated optical device is disclosed comprising a substrate, optical waveguide, and compound optical resonator having a temperature sensor, at least two coupled optical resonators, and a heater localized to each optical resonator. An optical input signal is coupled to one of the resonators making up the compound resonator to form an optical output signal. The center wavelength and shape of the output signal is optimized with a feedback loop using the temperature sensor to control the power dissipated in at least one of the localized heaters. The power dissipated in the remaining resonator heaters is set according to a predetermined function having as an input variable the power dissipated in the resonant heater under control of the said feedback loop.

Abstract: Optical devices are provided for optical signal modulation under the control of an electrical signal propagating along a traveling wave electrode structure. The electrode structure comprises a coplanar stripline including a control signal electrode interposed between a pair of ground plane electrodes. Each of the ground plane electrodes defines a positively or negatively biased elevated ground plane portion isolated from the control signal input and the control signal output. The present invention also contemplates provision of a coplanar stripline as described and claimed herein.

Abstract: An electro-optical modulator is disclosed that has a microwave input, chip with a thin film resistor or a lumped resistor located between an input RF connector and an RF electrode on a Lithium Niobate chip. The accessory connection chip has a broadband attenuator like a thin film resistor which is placed in a microstrip line for effecting the electrical transmission to Lithium Niobate chip. The insertion of the thin film resistor before the RF electrode lowers the electrical return loss value as a function of frequency, allowing a lower driving voltage design or a reduced chip length without degrading the performances.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a substrate, at least two parallel optical waveguides, at least one ground plane, at least one active electrode with at least two lower portions of the active electrode, and an upper portion connected to the lower portions, the lower portions spaced apart from each other, each of the two lower portions of the active electrode extending over one of the optical waveguides. An electro-optic phase modulator having at least one optical waveguide and at least one active electrode formed on a face of the substrate, the active electrode having a wider upper portion and a narrower lower portion, the lower portions of the active electrode aligned with and extending over one of the optical waveguides. A bridge electrode has at least one narrower lower portion, and a wider upper portion, the lower portion for being arranged over an optical waveguide formed in a substrate.

Abstract: Electro-optic modulator devices and related waveguide components comprising BaTiO3 films.

Abstract: A signal acquisition probing system uses an optical cavity to acquire a signal under test. The probing system has an optical transmitter and receiver that are coupled to the optical cavity via an optical transmission system. The optical cavity has an electrode structure having apertures formed in the optical cavity that are parallel to propagation path of the optical signal within the cavity. A modulated optical signal is generated by the optical cavity in response to the signal under test creating an electro-magnetic field distribution in electro-optic material in the optical cavity that overlaps the optical path of the optical signal propagating in the optical cavity which varies the index of refraction of electro-optic material in the optical path. The signal acquisition probing system is connected to a measurement instrument to form a voltage measurement system.

Abstract: An optical modulator structure includes a block that includes electro-optical (EO) materials. A waveguide and electrode structure is formed on a substrate. The block is in close proximity to the waveguide and electrode structure so as to form optical modulation when electric fields in the block are varied.

Abstract: An optical deflection element is configured to include a prism electrode provided on an optical waveguide, a first photonic crystal structure provided forward of the prism electrode in a light traveling direction being a position after a light passes through the prism electrode, a control electrode provided to confront a counter electrode layer via the optical waveguide on the first photonic crystal structure, and a second photonic crystal structure provided in the lateral direction of the prism electrode in parallel with the light traveling direction.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for forming displays are claimed. This invention relates to a display which may be conformal and which can receive information in order to alter or configure the display. In one embodiment, a flexible layer may be made to receive an array of blocks which drive a display material to provide an alterable or configurable display. This display is coupled to a receiver which receives data and drives the data onto the blocks causing the display to change. The receiver (and blocks) may be powered by a signal from a transmitter which beams the information to the receiver. The receiver in turn controls the update of the display information on the display. Another embodiment of the invention has a receiver coupled to each block. The receiver also may be independent from the block and may be deposited onto the flexible layer.

Abstract: Resistive heaters formed in two mask counts on a surface of a grating of a thermo optic device thereby eliminating one mask count from prior art manufacturing methods. The resistive heater is comprised of a heater region and a conductive path region formed together in a first mask count from a relatively high resistance material. A conductor formed from a relatively low resistance material is formed directly on the conductive path region in a second mask count. Thermo optic devices formed by these two mask count methods are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optic hybrid circuit board having an optical waveguide superposed on a wiring circuit board, the electro-optic hybrid circuit board comprising: an insulating layer; a conductor pattern formed on the insulating layer; an undercladding layer formed on the conductor pattern-having insulating layer so as to surround the conductor pattern; a core layer formed on the undercladding layer; and an overcladding layer formed to cover the core layer and the undercladding layer.

Abstract: The device comprises an optical waveguide and an acoustic wave generating device. The waveguide has an optical band gap and a sharp electronic transition (e.g. an excitonic transition) in the band gap, and the acoustic wave generating device generates acoustic waves within the waveguide. Light passing through the waveguide is of a frequency within the band gap of the waveguide and is nearly resonant with the sharp electronic transition. The wave generating device is arranged to generate acoustic waves so as to induce optical band gas in the polariton spectrum, thereby affecting the transmission of the light passing through the waveguide, the transmission of which is thereby affected.

Abstract: An optical switch has an optical waveguide whose output path of an optical signal branches into two, a carrier injection section which is provided to a branch portion of the optical waveguide and to which carriers are injected, and a refractive index change section which is provided to a optical waveguide layer of the optical waveguide and in which a refractive index changes in a case that carrier are injected to the carrier injection section, wherein the refractive index change section has a quantum dot or a quantum wire.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device having a curved display surface with high reliability is provided. A liquid crystal panel 100 comprising a TFT array substrate 10 and a counter substrate 20, each composed of a glass substrate or a quartz substrate, is thinned down to, for example, a thickness of 25 ?m by a polishing process or an etching process. Subsequently, a first polarizing plate 140, first spacers 260, the liquid crystal panel 100, second spacers 270, and a second polarizing plate 150 are superposed on a base 210 having a curved surface 220 in this order, and then the outer circumference of the second polarizing plate 150 is pressed against the base 210 while curving the second polarizing plate 150 along the curved surface 220 of the base 210. Then, in order to maintain such a curved state, the second polarizing plate 150 is fixed to the base 210 by a double-faced tape 280.

Abstract: The invention is in the field of distributed Raman amplification for digital and analog transmission applications and other applications, e.g., instrumentation and imaging applications, including HFC-CATV applications. In particular, the invention uses a high power broadband source of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) as the Raman pump source for improved system performance. The invention also includes methods for constructing such a high-power broadband Raman pump.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an electromagnetic wave frequency filter capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency between two waveguides with a high level of efficiency. This object is achieved by the following construction: A resonator 15 that resonates with the electromagnetic wave having the predetermined frequency is located between an input waveguide 13 and an output waveguide 14 and close to the two waveguides. The output waveguide 14 is designed so that it extends parallel to the input waveguide 13 within a predetermined section 18 located in proximity to the resonator 15, and its distance from the input waveguide 13 in the other section is larger than that in the predetermined section 18.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device (50) for manipulating a light wave (?) using a diffractive grating structure (G). According to the basic idea behind the invention a prior art type diffractive grating structure having a permanently shaped surface relief is substituted with an electrically deformable diffractive grating structure (G), where a preformed, basic surface relief of the grating is composed of dielectric and deformable viscoelastic material, which can be electrically and sequentially fine tuned in shape to adjust the diffraction properties of said grating individually for different wavelengths. The invention permits manufacture of virtual display devices with a significantly larger exit pupil diameter than prior art solutions without degrading the color uniformity of the display device.

Abstract: An optical control device allows switching of signals without mechanical components. The device includes a first member; a second member; an active stage between the first member and the second member, the active stage including an electro-optical material; a first transmission region for transmitting a first optical signal toward the first member; and a second transmission region for transmitting a second optical signal toward the second member. The index of refraction of the active stage can be varied to either reflect both the first optical signal and the second optical signal or to permit the transmission of the first optical signal and the second optical signal through the first and second member. The index of refraction can be controlled by an electric field associated with the active stage. A method for using an optical control device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical modulator which has substantially low loss and has an improvement in voltage reduction is disclosed having an electro-optic lithium niobate substrate. The substrate has first, second and third ridges extending along its surface. Extending along the first and second ridges are first and second waveguides. A first RF electrode extends over the first waveguide and a second slotted electrode including a first section extends over the second waveguide. A second section of the slotted extends parallel to and adjacent to the first section on the third ridge. In summary, this invention provides a slotted ground electrode wherein a slot is formed in the substrate between the slotted electrode.