Abstract: A method of supporting vertically hanging electrical resistance elements for heating furnaces or ovens in industrial operations. Each resistance element includes current-conducting legs that extend downward and upward a number of times, and the element includes along its length a number of ceramic discs that are provided with through-holes through which respective element legs extend. The upper part of the element merges with terminals that are connected to a source of electric current. The element is supported by at least one of the uppermost ceramic discs, wherein the uppermost ceramic disc supporting the element is placed in the insulation of the furnace roof above the underside of the roof. The legs of the element are short circuited at a location slightly or somewhat beneath the underside of the furnace roof with the aid of short circuiting plates.

Abstract: An improved air sterilization system has unobstructed air passageways from a chamber substantially enclosing a volume of air to the air sterilization assembly unit in which the air sterilization assembly unit has heating elements located within air passageways in the unit to exterminate airborne micro-organisms by applying heat to the continuously flowing airstream, and in which the temperature of air leaving the system is insignificantly higher than the temperature of air entering the system.

Abstract: A heating module is provided for integrating into an electrical appliance, for example in a household appliance such as a coffee machine, or in a laboratory apparatus. Said module includes at least one heating surface formed from a body, at least one heating element that comprises at least one PTC element and is fixed in the body, and a flow heater that is integrated into the heating module. The heating module is configured to be easy to mount and have a wide range of applications. In one embodiment, the body is embodied as an extruded shape having at least one tube receiving element and a tube through which a fluid flows arranged on or in the tube receiving element.

Abstract: A temperature regulator has two headers connected to both ends of a heat receiving tube in which gas flows. The heat receiving tube has a heating element at the outer periphery thereof and a mixer accommodated therein to cause turbulent flow of gas passing through the heat receiving tube. The headers each have fins radially attached thereto, thereby ensuring strength of the headers and improving heat exchange efficiency.

Abstract: A thick-film electric heater having thick-film layers applied directly on a thermally conductive non-flat substrate. Preferably, the substrate is cylindrically shaped. A dielectric layer is silk-screened on the substrate surface. A resistive layer is silk-screened on the dielectric layer to form a circuit for the generation of heat. The resistive layer has at least one resistive trace in a pattern that is discontinuous circumferentially. At least a pair of silk-screened contact pads are applied in electrical communication with the resistive layer for electrical connection to a power source. An insulation layer is applied over the resistive layer.

Abstract: A direct-heating column assembly for chromatography, includes at least one capillary column and at least one element made of electrically conductive material in contact with the capillary column. The element includes a plurality of filaments woven together to form a tubular mesh that uniformly envelops the outer surface of the capillary column both in radial and longitudinal directions.

Abstract: A fluid line with a pipe provided with a sleeve of a woven or braided fabric, wherein the pipe, in turn, includes at least one conductor. In the finished state of the fluid line, the sleeve immediately surrounds the pipe and each conductor is loosely arranged in the sleeve. In accordance with another embodiment, the at least one conductor forms the sleeve.

Abstract: A temperature and flow rate controlled capillary aerosol generator includes two heating zones optionally separated by a region in which a pressure drop is induced. Power is metered or applied to the downstream, second zone to achieve a target resistance, and therefore a target temperature, while power is metered or applied to the upstream, first zone to achieve a target mass flow rate exiting the second zone. A target temperature is achieved in the second zone to generate an aerosol from the liquid flowing through the generator at the desired mass flow rate.

Abstract: A rapid electric heating water dispenser includes a body, a base, an electric heating element located in the body, a hot water drain valve and a hot water outlet. A water pipe and an electric heating tube cling to each other through a casting body. A liquefaction inner tube between the outlet of the aforesaid water pipe and the hot water drain valve. The electric heating tube has a capacity matched with the volume of the water pipe to heat the water passed by to at least 75° C. A water head is located between the water inlet of the liquefaction inner tube and the water circuit connected with it, and the water level of the liquefaction inner tube should be higher than that of the water circuit.

Abstract: A gases delivery conduit for the supply of humidified medical gases as formed from an extruded plastic tube. The extruded plastic tube includes at least one heating element embedded within the wall of the tube. The heating element includes a pair of electrical conductors separated by a positive temperature coefficient material wherein the localised resistance of the material is positively related to the localised temperature.

Abstract: A novel heat exchanger includes a thermal reservoir and a tube, the tube having straight sections and corrugated bends, and being in thermal contact with the thermal reservoir. The thermal reservoir has a first plate and a second plate fixed to the first plate. The first plate has a channel formed therein with straight sections to receive the straight sections of the tube, and curved sections for receiving the corrugated sections of the tube. The second plate has a channel formed therein as well that is complementary to the channel of the first plate. The heat exchanger is heated by one or more cartridge heaters. In a particular embodiment, two thermal reservoirs are fixed to one another and the cartridge heaters are disposed in channels formed therebetween. Optionally the thermal reservoirs can be heated or cooled by thermoelectric chips, and can include one or more heat sinks.

Abstract: A heater comprising a conduit made of corundum (e.g. synthetic sapphire) and having a wall forming a closed cross-section with an interior surface, and an exterior surface. At least one of the interior and exterior surfaces may have a roughened portion comprising inclusions and corresponding protrusions formed substantially continuously therethroughout. An electrically resistive coating may extend substantially continuously over, in, and around the inclusions and protrusions of at least a part of the roughened portion to form a conformal cross-section having a thickness selected to promote bending thereof to accommodate annular expansion and contraction occurring in response to a differential in the coefficients of expansion between the electrically resistive coating and the conduit.

Abstract: The pipe heater manufacturing process comprises a vacuum making process A for introducing a stainless steel pipe into a furnace and evacuating the inside of the furnace, for example, to a pressure of 0.5 Torr, a pipe end sealing process B for brazing and sealing plugs 3 to both ends of the pipe under vacuum and brazing, a process C for forming a lower insulating layer by repeating several times the steps of screen printing an insulating glass material and baking it in a state in which the two ends of the pipe are sealed, and similar formation process D of a heat generating layer and formation process E of an upper insulating layer. With this method, baking in an oxygen-free state inside the pipe makes it possible to obtain the oxidation-free clean state without high-temperature corrosion on the inside of the pipe having the fluid to be heated flowing therein and to manufacture a pipe heater in which a heating response was improved by forming thin heating layer and insulating layer.

Abstract: A heater device used for mold injection processes and related method for manufacturing the same is disclosed. The heater device comprises an inner sleeve having a hollow tubular body with opposed flanges formed at either end thereof and a resistive element applied around the body of the inner sleeve. In assembly, the inner sleeve is disposed inside and engaged to an outer sleeve having a hollow tubular body with opposed openings that communicate with a cavity defined between the inner and outer sleeves. The outer sleeve further defines a first aperture for permitting connection of terminal leads to the resistive element inside the outer sleeve during manufacturing. During manufacture, a slurry of ceramic insulation material is injected through a second aperture in order to completely fill the cavity and encase the resistive element.

Abstract: A system and a method for melting ice that has formed in an exhaust tube operably coupled to a container holding helium are provided. The exhaust tube is configured to exhaust pressurized helium from the container. The method includes determining when a pressure level in the container is greater than a threshold pressure level. The method further includes applying heat energy to the exhaust tube to melt ice in the exhaust tube to thereby allow pressurized helium to exit the container through the exhaust tube.

Abstract: An electrically heatable liquid line in which a heating wire is arranged on an inner plastic layer and an electrically insulating tape is helically wound around the plastic layer and the heating wire. This object is met in the liquid line of the above-type by providing the insulating tape as an adhesive tape whose adhesive can be glued to the plastic layer.

Abstract: A method of remediating deposits within a pipeline comprising inserting a removable smaller pipe within said pipeline, providing an electrically insulating coating on said smaller pipe, providing a contactor proximate said distal end of said smaller pipe to electrically contact said internal diameter of said pipeline, flowing an electrical current along the wall area of said internal pipe, through said contactor, and along the wall area of said pipeline to generate heat within said smaller pipe to remediate blockages within said smaller pipe.

Abstract: An electrical cable system and a method for manufacturing an electrical cable system (1) has an electrical cable (10) containing a conductor core (2). The method for installing the electrical cable system of a longitudinally expandable contractible element (1?,6) includes disposing a secondary element (3) over the electrical cable so as to give the electrical cable substantially attached undulations (100) forming an additional length. The electrical cable system is installed by clamping at least at two points to the longitudinally expandable-contractible elements. The secondary element is handled after the clamping so as to release the attachment of the undulations thereby converting the additional length into a free to be used excess length.

Abstract: A fluid heat exchanger for use in a fluid heating system is disclosed that includes a rapidly heatable inside tube surrounded by a hollow outside tube for heating a fluid flowing between the inside tube and the outside tube for circulation through the fluid heating system. When the inside tube is rapidly heated, the circulated fluid is rapidly heated to a predetermined temperature for use in the fluid heating system.

Abstract: An improved water heater for use in spas, hot tubs, pools, hydrotherapy pools, bath tubs, and similar bodies of water used indoors, outdoors, or both indoors and outdoors are used for both therapeutic and recreational purposes. The water heater uses heating element technology know as thick film on substrate comprising resistive elements bonded to the outer dry surface of a pipe to heat the pipe which in turn heats the water flowing therethrough. The heater is highly efficient due to the direct contact of the wet heating surface with the water and provides a smooth seamless inner heating surface by eliminating the need to pass electrical leads into the wet region of the heater. This virtually eliminates the risk of leaks in the water heater due to bulkhead fittings. The invention further eliminates the need for a heating element to be contained in the inner wet region of a spa heater, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion.

Abstract: In a fluid heating apparatus, a heat protect temperature sensor indirectly detects temperature of fluid heated by an electric heater adjacent to the electric heater. Also, a heated fluid sensor detects the temperature of the fluid adjacent to a fluid inlet of a heat exchanger. When it is determined that the temperature difference between the detected temperatures exceeds a predetermined level, electric power supply to the electric heater is discontinued. Thus, boil-dry is restricted early with a simple means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating element with at least one electrical resistance, wherein between a surface for heating and the electrical resistance is situated a dielectric, onto which dielectric connects an ammeter for detecting a leakage current. In addition, the invention comprises a liquid container provided with such a heating element. The invention also relates to a method for detecting a temperature change in a heating element formed by an electrical resistance by measuring a leakage current discharged by a dielectric connected to the heating element.

Abstract: This invention is an oxynitride film forming method including: a reaction chamber heating step of heating a reaction chamber to a predetermined temperature, the reaction chamber containing an object to be processed; a gas heating step of heating a process gas to a temperature not lower than a reaction temperature at which an oxynitride film can be formed, the process gas consisting of dinitrogen oxide gas; and a film forming step of forming an oxynitride film on the object to be processed by supplying the heated process gas into the heated processing chamber. The temperature to which the reaction chamber is heated in the reaction chamber heating step is set at a temperature below a temperature at which the process gas undergoes a reaction.

Abstract: A novel heat exchanger includes a thermal reservoir and a tube, the tube having straight sections and corrugated bends, and being in thermal contact with the thermal reservoir. The thermal reservoir has a first plate and a second plate fixed to the first plate. The first plate has a channel formed therein with straight sections to receive the straight sections of the tube, and curved sections for receiving the corrugated sections of the tube. The second plate has a channel formed therein as well that is complementary to the channel of the first plate. The heat exchanger is heated by one or more cartridge heaters. In a particular embodiment, two thermal reservoirs are fixed to one another and the cartridge heaters are disposed in channels formed therebetween. Optionally the thermal reservoirs can be heated or cooled by thermoelectric chips, and can include one or more heat sinks.

Abstract: A water heating device is arranged between a water tank and a water faucet located below the water tank. Water from the water tank flows along a pipeline through the water heating device to the faucet. The water heating device includes a hydroelectric generation system including a turbine mounted in the pipeline and a generator coupled to the turbine by a shaft. Water flowing through the pipeline drives the turbine and thus causes the generator to generate electricity. The electricity is supplied to an electrical heater that heats the water flowing through the pipeline. A control unit controls the electricity supplied to the electrical heater thereby controlling the thermal energy transferred to the water. Thus, no external and independent energy source is required for heating the water.

Abstract: A flexible heat traced pipe is uniquely pre-fabricated to expedite the installation and repair process. The flexible heat traced pipe includes an inner structure, an outer structure, a heat trace, and a connector which are all cured into a unitary fluid carrying device. The flexible heat traced pipe includes a flexible rubber header.

Abstract: A novel heat exchanger includes a thermal reservoir and a tube, the tube having straight sections and corrugated bends, and being in thermal contact with the thermal reservoir. The thermal reservoir has a first plate and a second plate fixed to the first plate. The first plate has a channel formed therein with straight sections to receive the straight sections of the tube, and curved sections for receiving the corrugated sections of the tube. The second plate has a channel formed therein as well that is complementary to the channel of the first plate. The heat exchanger is heated by one or more cartridge heaters. In a particular embodiment, two thermal reservoirs are fixed to one another and the cartridge heaters are disposed in channels formed therebetween. Optionally the thermal reservoirs can be heated or cooled by thermoelectric chips, and can include one or more heat sinks.

Abstract: A pump, particularly for washing machines, dishwashing machines or the like, having a housing and a heating device for the continuous heating of a liquid, particularly water, is proposed, in which the heating device is constructed as the circumferential wall of the housing and on one face of the heating device is arranged in sealing manner a base and on another face of the heating device is sealingly arranged a cover of the housing.

Abstract: A fuel heater for a tank and associated methods are disclosed. An elongated member fits through an opening in the tank. The elongated member includes a first tube that defines a fuel channel and ends with a bottom fuel intake. Fuel may be drawn from the tank and conveyed by a supply side line coupled to the first tube. A second tube of the elongated member is coupled to a return side line that conveys warmed fuel back to the tank. A third tube substantially coaxially surrounds the first tube, and an outlet of the second tube enters the third tube. A heat trace may be employed to warm the fuel. Accordingly, the temperature of fuel in the tank may be maintained above the cloud point temperature.

Abstract: A hot water heating apparatus for an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle has a compact heat source apparatus not requiring a wide space for setting. A communication pipe, in which water as a heat medium flows, and an electric heater are embedded in a heat conductor metal in proximity in a row arrangement to form a flat-shaped heat conductor. A heat source apparatus is constructed by stacking multiple flat-shaped heat conductors while the communication pipes are connected to each other in series. Further, the communication pipe and the electric heater are embedded in the heat conductor metal in proximity in a row arrangement, and the communication pipes are connected in series. Therefore, water flowing in the communication pipes is rapidly heated, and heating efficiency is extremely high.

Abstract: A heating device for a coffee maker having a water tank and a coupled pipe is provided. The pipe includes a cold-water supply section, a first heating section, a first hot-water supply section, a second auxiliary heating section, and a second hot-water supply section having an outlet. The heating device includes a first heating element contacting the first heating section and a second heating element contacting the second auxiliary heating section. Water flowing through the pipe is sequentially heated by the first and second heating elements. Thus, a temperature of water leaving the outlet can be kept at an acceptably high level.

Abstract: A heating device for a coffee maker having a water tank and a coupled pipe is provided. The pipe includes a cold-water supply section, a first heating section, a first hot-water supply section, a second auxiliary heating section, and a second hot-water supply section having an outlet. The heating device comprises a first heating element wound around the first heating section and a second heating element wound around the second auxiliary heating section. Water flowed through the pipe is sequentially heated by the first and second heating elements. Thus, a temperature of water leaving the outlet can be kept at an acceptable high level.

Abstract: Electrical heating apparatus includes an electrical heater in which the inlet conduit for inletting cold water to the electrical heater and/or the outlet conduit for outletting hot water thereto from the electrical heater is integrally formed with a pressure-responsive device which senses the flow rate to or through the electrical heater to control the energization of the electrical heater. The apparatus also includes a regulating valve constituted of a membrane and a stem having a head of convex configuration facing the membrane but normally spaced therefrom to define a flow-control passageway which creates differential pressures acting on the membrane tending to deform the membrane such as to maintain a relatively constant flow rate through the flow control passageway despite variations in water inlet pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for operably connecting an electrical source to a conductive coating or film. The apparatus may include a substrate made of a structural material. A conductive coating or thin film may be applied to the substrate. An interface layer may be applied over the conductive coating and conduct electricity thereto while transferring insufficient force to separate the conductive coating from the substrate. A conductor, for providing electricity to the interface layer comprising strands configured to be separable and electrically conductive, may be positioned in contact with the interface layer. A clamping mechanism may apply a clamping load urging the conductor toward the conductive coating. The strands of the conductor may be formed to distribute mechanical stress and strain induced by thermal expansion and the clamping load sufficiently to substantially reduce damage to the mechanical and electrical integrity of the conductive coating.

Abstract: Electrical heating apparatus includes an electrical heater in which the inlet conduit for inletting cold water to the electrical heater and/or the outlet conduit for outletting hot water thereto from the electrical heater is integrally formed with a pressure-responsive device which senses the flow rate to or through the electrical heater to control the energization of the electrical heater. The apparatus also includes a regulating valve constituted of a membrane and a stem having a head of convex configuration facing the membrane but normally spaced therefrom to define a flow-control passageway which creates differential pressures acting on the membrane tending to deform the membrane such as to maintain a relatively constant flow rate through the flow control passageway despite variations in water inlet pressure.

Abstract: A flexible heat traced pipe is uniquely pre-fabricated to expedite the installation and repair process. The flexible heat traced pipe includes an inner structure, an outer structure, a heat trace, and a connector which are all cured into a unitary fluid carrying device. The flexible heat traced pipe includes a flexible rubber header.

Abstract: A novel heat exchanger includes a thermal reservoir and a tube, the tube having straight sections and corrugated bends, and being in thermal contact with the thermal reservoir. The thermal reservoir has a first plate and a second plate fixed to the first plate. The first plate has a channel formed therein with straight sections to receive the straight sections of the tube, and curved sections for receiving the corrugated sections of the tube. The second plate has a channel formed therein as well that is complementary to the channel of the first plate. The heat exchanger is heated by one or more cartridge heaters. In a particular embodiment, two thermal reservoirs are fixed to one another and the cartridge heaters are disposed in channels formed therebetween. Optionally the thermal reservoirs can be heated or cooled by thermoelectric chips, and can include one or more heat sinks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a defroster for an evaporator of a refrigerator. A defrosting heater 34 is installed close to a refrigerant tube 32 in which a refrigerant flows. The defrosting heater 34 is constructed to generate different amounts of heat according to positions in an evaporator 30. To this end, a hot wire 44 of the defrosting heater 34 has different wound pitches according to the positions in the evaporator 30. For example, the pitch of the hot wire 44 on an inlet side through which air that has circulated in the refrigerator is introduced toward the evaporator 30 is set to be small in order to generate a relatively large amount of heat. Since air that has circulated in a refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator entrains a relatively large amount of moisture, the pitch of the hot wire 44 is relatively small at a region in the evaporator 30 by which air that has circulated in the refrigerating chamber passes.

Abstract: A system for stripping an optical fiber includes a source of air and means for generating very short bursts of air. A heater heats the bursts of air to a temperature sufficient to remove the outer coating from an optical fiber, while maintaining the air isolated from the heat source. A single burst of heated air removes the outer coating of an optical fiber, within less than about one second. A series of closely spaced bursts or a prolonged burst of heated air may be used to remove an expanded length of fiber coating. Stripping may include translation of the fiber or the heater or portions thereof. The stripper may be configured to strip several loaded fibers or a single fiber.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods have been developed to deliver automatically a sample to a reaction vessel, an analytical device or any location where sample introduction or deposition is desired. A sample delivery system of the invention generally includes a housing defining a channel, e.g., a capillary, and a volume controller, which is a temperature control device, in thermal communication with the channel. The channel preferably is closed at one end, and contains an opening for introduction of a sample. The closed end of the channel is associated thermally with the temperature control device. The temperature control device heats and cools a thermally expandable fluid in the channel which controls movement of a sample into, within and out of the channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating element with at least one electrical resistance, wherein between a surface for heating and the electrical resistance is situated a dielectric, onto which dielectric connects an ammeter for detecting a leakage current. In addition, the invention comprises a liquid container provided with such a heating element. The invention also relates to a method for detecting a temperature change in a heating element formed by an electrical resistance by measuring a leakage current discharged by a dielectric connected to the heating element.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph with multiple valves is disclosed. An embodiment of the multi-valve gas chromatograph includes multiple valves, multiple thermal conductivity detectors (TCD's), and a manifold. This allows separation and measurement of a gas sample in one compact integrated unit. The unit is particularly desirable because the solenoids associated with the valves are attached directly to the underneath of the manifold, thus eliminating the need for tubing between the solenoids and the valves. Other features may also be present. For example, a leak free multi-valve block may include a first temperature zone heating the valves and detectors and a second temperature zone heating the columns. The leak free feature may be achieved by placement of tightening screws through the center of each valve. Carrier gas insertion areas may be provided in the multi-valve block to improve performance.

Abstract: A steam-cleaning appliance of the invention comprises a housing in which a water storage chamber, a pump, and a steam device are mounted. The pump pumps cold water from the water storage chamber and delivers cold water to the steam device. The steam device includes a water-flowing path and a heating unit that heats water flowing through the water-flowing path. Cold water pumped by the pump penetrates into the water-flowing path via a water inlet to be heated. The increasingly heated water is sputtered into steam through a steam pipe to a nozzle of the steam-cleaning appliance.

Abstract: A fluid heat exchanger for use in a fluid heating system is disclosed that includes a rapidly heatable inside tube surrounded by a hollow outside tube for heating a fluid flowing between the inside tube and the outside tube for circulation through the fluid heating system. When the inside tube is rapidly heated, the circulated fluid is rapidly heated to a predetermined temperature for use in the fluid heating system.

Abstract: A temperature and flow rate controlled capillary aerosol generator includes two heating zones optionally separated by a region in which a pressure drop is induced. Power is metered or applied to the downstream, second zone to achieve a target resistance, and therefore a target temperature, while power is metered or applied to the upstream, first zone to achieve a target mass flow rate exiting the second zone. A target temperature is achieved in the second zone to generate an aerosol from the liquid flowing through the generator at the desired mass flow rate.

Abstract: A coffee maker heater/warmer plate assembly includes a spring wire clamp that retains the flow-through heater centered against the bottom of the warmer plate. The spring clamp has ends that are attached to a support ring. The clamp engages a flow-through heater and biases it against the bottom of a warmer plate that is retained by the support ring.

Abstract: A heater for fluids, the heater comprising a conduit having a wall and a surface, the conduit being configured to convey a fluid. In one arrangement, the conduit surface is roughened to mechanically secure a coating thereto. A conductor, configured to be electrically resistive and to extend over at least a portion of a roughened surface, and to adhere thereto throughout variations in operational temperatures thereof. The heater provides a clean, particle-free, non-reactive, non-trapping, ultra-pure, thermally tolerant, sealed system. The system maintains process fluids clean, even upon system failure, at contaminant levels below parts per billion, or even parts per trillion. In one arrangement, the heater comprises a quartz conduit with an electroless nickel plating of an engineered thickness on an external surface forming a resistive heater. The resistive heater conducts thermal energy through the wall of the conduit.

Abstract: A heating device for a subsea oil and gas production equipment component comprises at least one heating cable which includes first and second generally parallel electrical conductors that are positioned in heat exchange relation with respect to a flow path through the component, a source of electrical power which is connected to the first and second electrical conductors and which when activated conducts a current between the conductors to generate heat, and an insulation layer which is disposed over the heating cable and the component. When the temperature of a well fluid in the component drops to a point below its flow temperature, the heating cable will generate heat that is transferred to the well fluid to maintain the temperature of the well fluid above its hydrate formation temperature.

Abstract: A coffee maker heater/warmer plate assembly includes a spring wire clamp that retains the flow-through heater centered against the bottom of the warmer plate. The spring clamp has ends that are attached to a support ring. The clamp engages a flow-through heater and biases it against the bottom of a warmer plate that is retained by the support ring.

Abstract: A gases delivery conduit for the supply of humidified medical gases as formed from an extruded plastic tube. The extruded plastic tube includes at least one heating element embedded within the wall of the tube. The heating element includes a pair of electrical conductors separated by a positive temperature coefficient material wherein the localised resistance of the material is positively related to the localised temperature.