Abstract: Described herein is a direct-heating column assembly for chromatography, in which a capillary column is enveloped in a tubular mesh formed by a plurality of woven filaments.

Abstract: The fluid heating apparatus, in accordance with the present invention, developed to solve the technological problems described above is characterized by comprising at least a heating tube heating fluid to be supplied from fluid supply source, a heater section spirally formed on an outer periphery of the heating tube and a housing accommodating the heating tube and the heater section, wherein the heater section comprises a carbon wire heating element and a quartz glass tube in which the carbon wire heating element is enclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for electrically heating subsea pipelines. An electrically insulating layer is placed over the pipe in the segment of the pipeline to be heated and electrical current is caused to flow axially through the steel wall of the pipe. In one embodiment (end fed), an insulating joint at the host end of the pipeline is used to apply voltage to the end of the segment. At the remote end an electrical connector is used to conduct the electrical current to a return cable or to a seawater electrode. A buffer zone of the pipeline beyond the remote end is provided. Separate electrical heating may also be applied in the buffer zone. Electrical chokes may be used in different arrangements to decrease leakage current in the pipeline outside the heated segment. In another embodiment (center fed), voltage is applied at or near the midpoint of the segment to be heated through an electrical connector and no insulating joint is used.

Abstract: A temperature and flow rate controlled capillary aerosol generator includes two heating zones optionally separated by a region in which a pressure drop is induced. Power is metered or applied to the downstream, second zone to achieve a target resistance, and therefore a target temperature, while power is metered or applied to the upstream, first zone to achieve a target mass flow rate exiting the second zone. A target temperature is achieved in the second zone to generate an aerosol from the liquid flowing through the generator at the desired mass flow rate.

Abstract: Vaporizer having a pair of heat exchanger blocks each with a vaporization tube formed therein. The heat exchanger blocks are in face-to-face arrangement and the vaporizer tubes are coupled together in series. A plurality of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements are clamped in position between the heat exchanger blocks to provide the heat for vaporization of the liquefied gas. A capacity control valve controls the flow of liquefied gas into the vaporizer tubes.

Abstract: A shower heating device has an undulated tube, a plurality of semiconductor heating elements securely received in the undulated tube, a plurality of pairs of electrical plates each being provided to have one of the semiconductor heating elements sandwiched therebetween and a plurality of pairs of insulation plates each having one of the pairs of the electrical plates received therebetween. With such an arrangement, the water in the undulated tube is able to be heated shortly.

Abstract: A flow heater for a sink heater or rethermalizing system is disclosed. The flow heater includes a flow tube in fluid communication with a fluid receptacle. The flow tube has a heating element that is in conductive communication with the flow tube and helically encircles the flow tube. Fluid flowing through the flow tube is caused by thermal siphoning effects. The flow heater system may be used for presoaking, soaking, or sanitizing dishware in a sink or for rethermalizing packaged foods.

Abstract: An apparatus for operably connecting an electrical source to a conductive coating or film. The apparatus may include a substrate made of a structural material. A conductive coating or thin film may be applied to the substrate. An interface layer may be applied over the conductive coating and conduct electricity thereto while transferring insufficient force to separate the conductive coating from the substrate. A conductor, for providing electricity to the interface layer comprising strands configured to be separable and electrically conductive, may be positioned in contact with the interface layer. A clamping mechanism may apply a clamping load urging the conductor toward the conductive coating. The strands of the conductor may be formed to distribute mechanical stress and strain induced by thermal expansion and the clamping load sufficiently to substantially reduce damage to the mechanical and electrical integrity of the conductive coating.

Abstract: An apparatus for operably connecting an electrical source to a conductive coating or film. The apparatus may include a substrate made of a structural material. A conductive coating or thin film may be applied to the substrate. An interface layer may be applied over the conductive coating and conduct electricity thereto while transferring insufficient force to separate the conductive coating from the substrate. A conductor, for providing electricity to the interface layer comprising strands configured to be separable and electrically conductive, may be positioned in contact with the interface layer. A clamping mechanism may apply a clamping load urging the conductor toward the conductive coating. The strands of the conductor may be formed to distribute mechanical stress and strain induced by thermal expansion and the clamping load sufficiently to substantially reduce damage to the mechanical and electrical integrity of the conductive coating.

Abstract: A tubular thin film resistance heater including a substrate (10) having an electrically non-conductive surface on which is deposited a thin film electrical conductor (12), such as tin oxide. A pair of electrical terminals (14, 16), preferably bus bars, are electrically connected at spaced apart locations on the conductor (12), such as at longitudinal spaced opposed ends or at circumferentially spaced opposed edges of the conductor (12). The thin film conductor (12) is molecularly bonded to the substrate (10) for durability and efficient heat transfer. A method of forming a tubular thin film resistance heater also is disclosed.

Abstract: A heating element for heating a flexible intravenous tube includes a resistance heating wire having a pair of terminal ends encapsulated within an electrically insulating polymeric layer. The polymeric layer and the resistance heating wire are formed into a plurality of turns defining a coil having a central axis. Each turn of the coil is independently elastically expandable to surround a portion of the flexible intravenous tube when the intravenous tube is disposed axially through the coil such that the coil conforms to the shape of the flexible intravenous tube.

Abstract: A fluid conduit includes a hollow inner tube which is made of a heat-conducting material and which confines a first chamber, and a hollow outer tube which is made of a heat-conducting material, which is disposed concentrically around the inner tube, and which cooperates with the inner tube to form a second chamber. One of the first and second chambers is adapted to permit passage of fluid therethrough. The other one of the first and second chambers has opposing closed ends, and is filled with a superconductor material so as to provide the fluid conduit with an enhanced thermal conducting ability.

Abstract: An electric heating device includes a flexible resistor ribbon, a plurality of sections of electroconductive coating attached to the resistor ribbon at preset intervals, and connector contacts coupled to the resistor ribbon for enabling connection of a power source to the resistor ribbon. The resistor ribbon has a high specific impedance. The flexible resistor ribbon is attached to a rigid or flexible flat base panel for incorporation into a building as a floor, wall or ceiling panel. Layers of electric insulation are attached to the base so as to sandwich the flexible resistor ribbon. Where the resistor ribbon is bent back on itself, for example, to form a snaking configuration, a strip of two-sided adhesive tape is attached to the layers of electric insulation and to the ribbon at multiple spaced points.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a protective device for a heating unit, in particular for a flow-through heater (22), which is equipped with a current-carrying conductor (1) having a first end thereof mechanically biased into contact with a first fixed point of connection (40) and a second end (23) thereof soldered to a second point of connection (10). In the event of an error condition due to overheating, the bias operates to move the conductor (1) away from the second point of connection (10), severing the soldered joint in the process, whereby the circuit is opened. According to the present invention, the point of connection (10) is formed by a terminal stud (12), and the end (23) of the conductor (1) needing to be soldered to the terminal stud (12) is shaped in such manner that a sufficiently large soldered joint (16) requiring wetting by the solder (15) is developed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ventilation tube particularly for medical devices, which has the particularity that it comprises a tubular body made of flexible plastics which forms raised ridges on its outer surface. An electric wire is embedded in at least part of the ridges and forms an electric resistor for heating the gaseous substance that flows inside the tubular body.

Abstract: A continuous flow heater has an elastic, flexible or rigid pipe (10) which is movably mounted and a heat source (6). When a liquid flowing through the pipe is heated in the pipe interior (1), undesired scale tends to be deposited on the interior of the pipe walls. To prevent or remove this deposit, the pipe (10) is moved and/or deformed by an internal overpressure or by application of external forces, causing the deposits to be detached from the pipe inner walls and carried away by the fluid flow. The overall pipe (10) can have an inner pipe (2), inner insulating layers (3-5), a filament (6) and external insulating layers (7-9).

Abstract: A control system for an in-line, ultra-pure deionized water (UPDI) heater including a housing, at least one fluid pathway through the housing, and a resistive heating element proximate the fluid pathway for heating an operating fluid flowing through the pathway. The control system includes a mechanism for determining an actual power value which is indicative of the power being applied to the resistive heating element, a mechanism for determining a needed power value which is indicative of the power required to achieve an outlet fluid temperature substantially equal to a user-selectable preset fluid temperature, a mechanism for adjusting the actual power applied to the resistive heating element based on an offset between the actual power value and the needed power value, and a mechanism for overriding the adjusting mechanism when the offset is greater than a predetermined level.

Abstract: A fluid transport assembly transports a fluid through a fluid conduit and maintains the fluid above a predetermined temperature. A fluid line carries the fluid therein. The heater assembly includes a body with a bore and two open ends respectively disposed at each end of the bore. The fluid line is disposed within the bore and contacts the body. The heater assembly further includes a heater and at least two electrical terminals connected with the heater. The heater is disposed within the body and each terminal extends from the body.

Abstract: The heat exchanger consists of at least partially connected fins, which run obliquely with respect to one another, and are disposed in a hollow-cylindrical fashion. The sides connecting the fins at their ends form the surfaces of the hollow cylinder. The heat exchanger is disposed between the extruder barrel and the band-shaped, flexible heating element of the heating and cooling configuration. Good heat exchange results, i.e. a quick heating up and cooling down of the extruder barrel and a homogeneous temperature distribution on the extruder barrel. The heat exchangers can be disposed in a row.

Abstract: A coffee maker having interchangeable carafes, a serial heating system, and a centrifugal brewing system. The coffee maker includes a glass carafe and a thermal carafe, either of which interchangeably fits within a carafe cavity. The presence of the glass carafe activates a heating element positioned under the carafe. The thermal carafe does not. The centrifugal brewing system includes a showerhead for distributing water at radially spaced locations over a rotating grounds basket. The control for the serial heating system activates and deactivates the heating element to allow for heat transfer between heated and unheated portions of the water. In an alternative embodiment including a batch water heating system, the coffee maker includes a modular distributor secured to the bottom of the water heating vessel by a hand-actuated bayonet mount for easy cleaning or replacement.

Abstract: This invention is a heated corrugated (21) conduit (7) for use in a respiratory humidification system (5). A heater wire (20) within the conduit reduces the occurrence of condensation or "rain out". The heater wire is spirally wound in a helix or double helix with both ends of the wire available for termination at one end of the conduit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cartridge heater for a gas chromatography transfer device for substances which are to be analyzed, having a metal tube for accommodating a tube section to be heated and a heating coil arranged outside the metal tube, the metal tube bearing, on the outside, a groove which corresponds to the shape of the heating coil and in which a heating conductor is embedded in an electrically insulated manner with respect to the metal tube.

Abstract: A warming tray and removable heating cartridges of a glue gun system are provided. The warming tray has a base and a heating stand mounted to the base for holding the cartridges. The warming tray includes leads for connecting the cartridges to a source of electricity for heating the cartridges to operating temperatures. The glue gun system includes a gun having a barrel. A cartridge can be removably placed in the barrel. The cartridge has an open central passage to accept a glue stick and a tip to dispense the glue. Once received into the barrel the cartridge is heated, melting the glue therein. Additional cartridges can be placed in the warming tray such that they are electrically connected to a power supply and heated to a heated state. Thus, after one glue stick is used, a second can be immediately installed and used. An insulated tab allows for the easy handling of the cartridges.

Abstract: Apparatus for conducting fluid and preventing its icing have a fluid line structure and a tubular fluid line element located in that fluid line structure and having a cross-section sufficient for a desired throughput of fluid. A heater element is located inside the fluid line structure and is in heat-transfer relationship with an inside of the tubular fluid line element. Such heater element may be an electric heater element inside the fluid line structure encompassing the tubular fluid line element in heat-transfer relationship with an inside of that tubular fluid line element. A frangible or other fluid line nipple may be removably connected to the fluid line structure, and the tubular fluid line element may extend from that fluid line structure to that fluid line nipple. A heat transfer reduction may be provided between the electric heater element and the fluid line structure outside of the tubular fluid line element.

Abstract: The present invention concerns steam generators and a heating unit consisting of a tube (21) for circulating water in a connecting column (3) arranged below a reservoir (1). The heating unit is characterized by having two parts (A, B) each including a portion of the circulating tube (21) to form two heating areas, the first part (A) being slightly angled and extending downwards from the connecting column (3) in the direction of the water flow, the second part (B) extending upwards to convey water to the dispensing member (10). Application to coffee machine boilers.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling heating cables wherein a plurality of two-conductor heating cables are disposed in contact with heatable vessels to heat the vessels. Power lines having at least two conductors are connected to the heating cables through a plurality of first switches. Each first switch is responsive to a control signal for selectively connecting and disconnecting one heating cable to and from the power lines. Each of a plurality of remote terminals is connected to the two conductors of a heating cable and detects the temperature of the heatable vessel heated by the heating cable. At least one main controller for controlling a plurality of first switches is connected to two of the power line conductors. Temperature data relating to temperatures detected by the temperature sensors is transmitted from the remote terminals over the heating cables and the power lines by spread spectrum data transmission to the main controller.

Abstract: A fuel control and preheating module for use with an oil-burning furnace including a fuel line providing a passageway section through which oil is routed from a reservoir to the furnace for burning includes an electrically-powered positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating element mounted in heat transfer relationship with oil contained with the passageway section. During the operation of the PTC element, the PTC element heats the oil contained within the passageway section to a preselected temperature and maintains the oil contained within the passageway section at the preselected temperature. Also associated with the module is a movable diaphragm and shutoff plate which is responsive to the internal pressure changes in the air passageway of the furnace upon shutdown and start-up of the furnace to withdraw oil from and shut off delivery of oil to the nozzle upon furnace shutdown and to push oil toward the nozzle upon start-up of the furnace.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating water intended for the preparation of hot beverages, comprising a cold-water reservoir (2) for storing unheated water and a hot-water reservoir (3) for storing heated water, wherein a heat-maintaining element (4) is accommodated in the hot-water reservoir (3), wherein the hot-water reservoir (3) comprises a draw-off tap (5), and wherein a conduit (6) is connected to the cold-water reservoir (2) which conduit opens into the hot-water reservoir (3), wherein a through-flow heating element (7) is accommodated in this conduit (6).

Abstract: A heating pipe including a substantially tubular, electrically insulative inner element configured to allow flow of a liquid therethrough. An electric heating element in the form of a substantially flat ribbon of overheated amorphous metallic alloy is wound in a substantially helical pattern around the inner element. The helical pattern defines adjacent, electrically insulated windings. The inner element electrically insulates the heating element from liquid in the inner element. An electrically insulative outer element is provided for electrically and thermally insulating the heating element from the surrounding ambient environment.

Abstract: A flexible double-walled plastic tubing product includes a helically wound support bead between inner and outer walls, and an helically wrapped electrical resistance heating conductor is disposed adjacent to the inner wall in good heat transfer relation to fluid flow within the tubing product. Fluid flow within the tubing product is insulated against heat loss to ambient by the helical support bead and a trapped "dead-air" space between the walls of the tubing product. Apparatus and method for making the tubing product are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and heating system for a hose and dispenser wand of a hot melt mix applicator uses a three phase heating element powered by a generator to heat the hose and wand to maintain hot melt mix material within the hose and wand in a flowable state. To selectively energize the generator to control heat input, the heating system has (1) a controller in communication with a temperature sensor carried by the hose or wand, and (2) an output in communication with a generator control input. The generator control input enables operation of the generator to be controlled by the controller for controlling heating of the hose and wand. The heating element is a cord having a first wire receiving a phase of the three phase current, a second wire receiving another phase of the current, and a third wire receiving another phase of the current, with the cord being wrapped about the hose and wand in a helical configuration.

Abstract: The glue gun system includes a gun having a barrel. A cartridge can be removably placed in the barrel. The cartridge has an open central passage to accept a glue stick and a tip to dispense the glue. Once received into the barrel the cartridge is heated, melting the glue therein. Additional cartridges can be maintained in a heated state by a heating stand. Thus, after one glue stick is used, a second can be immediately installed and used. An insulated tab allows for the easy handling of the cartridges.

Abstract: The glue gun system includes a gun having a barrel. A cartridge can be removably placed in the barrel. The cartridge has an open central passage to accept a glue stick and a tip to dispense the glue. Once received into the barrel the cartridge is heated, melting the glue therein. Additional cartridges can be maintained in a heated state by a heating stand. Thus, after one glue stick is used, a second can be immediately installed and used. An insulated tab allows for the easy handling of the cartridges.

Abstract: A tool for soldering pin-in-hole electronic circuit components includes a tool plate with a set of via holes corresponding to the holes of a circuit board on which a circuit component is soldered. The board is aligned with the tool plate and hot gas is supplied through the set of plate vias to reflow solder in the board holes. The tool is particularly suitable for use in removing and replacing pinned circuit components. Use of particular gases (e.g., nitrogen) allows soldering to be carried out without the use of flux. Advantages of the tool are that it prevents burning the circuit board and/or unintentionally reflowing other circuit components mounted on the board (by directing hot gas only substantially onto the circuit board's solder-containing holes).

Abstract: Thermo-cycling for biological material is provided by a channel such as a capillary tube extending through a series of temperature control elements. Each temperature control element maintains the adjacent portion of the channel at a desired temperature. Fluid to be processed is introduced into the tube through the inlet and flows, preferably through capillary action, to the outlet. The temperature of the fluid changes as it passes each temperature control element and is thus thermo-cycled through a predetermined sequence of temperatures.

Abstract: An elongated heat conductive assembly for heating water including a plurality of water passages equally spaced about the central axis of a heat conductive member in which an elongated electrical heating element is located on the central axis of the heat conductive member. Preferably the water passages are tubes located in a highly heat conductive member whereby the heat is trapped in the center of the conductive member from where it is transferred to the water. In one embodiment, caps are provided at the ends of the tubes so that the water enters a first end and flows to a second end and then back to the first end where it exits to the hot tub. In another embodiment, the water flows through one end to the other end from whence it flows to the hot tub. In another preferred embodiment the transfer of heat from the conductive member to the water flowing in the pipes is maximized by expanding the tubes against the walls of openings in the conductive member by applying hydraulic pressure inside the tubes.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling heating cables wherein a plurality of two-conductor heating cables are disposed in contact with heatable vessels to heat the vessels. Power lines having at least two conductors are connected to the heating cables through a plurality of first switches. Each first switch is responsive to a control signal for selectively connecting and disconnecting one heating cable to and from the power lines. Each of a plurality of remote terminals is connected to the two conductors of a heating cable and detects the temperature of the heatable vessel heated by the heating cable. At least one main controller for controlling a plurality of first switches is connected to two of the power line conductors. Temperature data relating to temperatures detected by the temperature sensors is transmitted from the remote terminals over the heating cables and the power lines by spread spectrum data transmission to the main controller.

Abstract: A device for evaporating liquids to generate fog has an electrically heated heat exchanger. A device and a process are provided, which make possible the rapid heating of the liquids to be evaporated to a predetermined temperature range. This is achieved by the wall of the heat exchanger being made of an electrically conducting material and being connected to an electric power source for direct heating.

Abstract: A storage fluid heater for heating a fluid, employs a heat storage unit, a heating element thermally coupled to the heat storage unit, and a heat recovery tube thermally coupled to the heat storage unit. The recovery tube is made from a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion so that as the average temperature of the heat storage unit near the heat recovery tube increases, the surface area of gaps between the heat recovery tube and the storage unit increases, causing the contact resistance between the heat storage unit and the heat recovery tube to increase. The temperature of the fluid flowing within the heat recovery tube is thereby limited to a predetermined maximum. A structure that relieves excess pressure when the flow of fluid through the tube is stopped has an expansion tank connected to the fluid inlet of the tube.

Abstract: The glue gun system includes a gun having a barrel. A cartridge can be removably placed in the barrel. The cartridge has an open central passage to accept a glue slick and a tip to dispense the glue. Once received into the barrel the cartridge is heated, melting the glue therein. Additional cartridges can be maintained in a heated state by a heating stand. Thus, after one glue stick is used, a second can be immediately installed and used. An insulated tab allows for the easy handling of the cartridges.

Abstract: An electrical heating system uses heating elements made of ribbons of amorphous metallic alloys. The heating elements have a large area using long and wide ribbons, to achieve good heat transfer to the surroundings, that is low thermal resistance. The area of the heating elements and thus the thermal resistance is determined according to the desired thermal power, under the constraint of a low operating temperature, that is a temperature well below the embrittlement temperature of the amorphous alloy used in the heating elements. The operating temperature is preferably kept low enough so as not to generate benzopyrene or other unhealthy or ecologically unfavorable fumes or gases. The thin ribbons with low thermal resistance also have a fast heating constant, that is the heater reaches its steady state temperature in a short time. The electrical heating system uses low cost insulation and support materials, that is materials intended for use at low temperatures only.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temperature controlled seat cover assembly, the assembly dimensioned and adapted to, in part, be releasably fitted over a seat and seat back portion of a vehicle seat to heat a user in contact therewith. The assembly includes an outer fabric liner defining an internal space; a fluid conduit, a condenser, a pump assembly at least one heating element disposed within the internal space. The heating element adapted to generate heat from resistance to electrical current therethrough; fire proof insulative material disposed within the internal space between the heating element and the outer fabric liner; straps attached to the outer fabric liner for releasably securing the assembly to a vehicle seat. A switch assembly having an adapter adapted to be plugged into a cigarette lighter within the interior of an automobile. The switch assembly provided to supply electrical current from the cigarette lighter to either the heater element or the condenser and pump assembly.

Abstract: A kettle which includes a vessel that provides a chamber for holding water, a pouring spout for dispensing water from the chamber, and a handle for lifting and tilting the vessel during pouring, also includes an electric heating element in the form of a conductive track of a thick film printed circuit on a metal substrate that forms a heated portion of the vessel, the electric heating element being located externally of the chamber.

Abstract: An integrated heated conduit includes an inner conduit through which a fluid may be transferred. The inner conduit may also serve as a first electrical conductor, or an insulator may be provided on the outer surface of the conduit and a first electrical conductor may then be formed about the outer surface of this insulator. A polymeric, self-regulating heating element is provided on the outer surface of the first conductor. A second conductor is provided about the outer surface of the heating element to complete a current path across the heating element. The entire assembly may optionally be sheathed in an electrically and/or thermally insulating outer layer.

Abstract: A miniature gas chromatograph with thermostatically-controlled heating of its component parts which contact and conduct the sample to the analytical column. The microvalve assembly of the gas chromatograph is heated by passing a thermostatically-controlled electrical current through a metallic conductor formed on a surface of the microvalve assembly. The tubing which conducts sample from the gas chromatograph sample inlet to the microvalve assembly is heated by passing a thermostatically-controlled electrical current directly through the tubing or through a metal layer formed around the tubing. The sample inlet fitting is heated by a wire heater element wrapped around it. Each heater has an associated temperature sensor for controlling the amount of heating to maintain a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A gas monitoring apparatus with a heatable hose assembly having a central polymer tube of polyether ether ketone wrapped with a layer of polymer tape is described which is used to provide hot gases to a gas monitoring device. Heating elements for heating the central polymer tube can be arranged on the layer of polymer tape as can be an element for monitoring and controlling the element for heating the central polymer tube. Surrounding the arrangement can be a layer of thermal insulation and a protective jacket.The assembly is of utility for use in systems for the monitoring of acid gases from emission stacks.

Abstract: A helically wound and helically ribbed plastic tubing incorporating an electrically conductive heating wire and an apparatus and method for making the tubing are disclosed. A plastic ribbon is wound about an axis into a tube with one edge of each lap overlapping and heat-bonded to an edge of the preceding lap as the tubing is rotated; a conductive wire is embedded in the ribbon; and a bead is applied and heat-sealed onto the tubing, encapsulating the conductive wire during rotation of the tubing, providing a unitary structure including a conductive wire integral to a flexible tubing having a corrugated crevice-free outside and a smooth inside. Coolant is applied to the tubing for cooling the unitary ribbon, wire and bead tubing and to assist in advancing the tubing along the axis.

Abstract: An electrically heated nozzle for use in injection molding which is positioned between an injection apparatus and a die casting machine in an injection molding operation. The nozzle transfers molten material such as metal under pressure from the injection apparatus to the die. The nozzle has a refractive core, with a flow passage, surrounded by an intermediate metal core which is heated by a coil of electrical resistance wire to prevent heat loss in the molten metal. A metal sleeve surrounds the coil and the intermediate core. The heating coil is attached to a control box which energizes the coil and controls the temperature.

Abstract: A flow heater (11) has a stainless steel tube (1Z), around which is externally placed a polyimide (KAPTON) insulating film (14) with an overlap (15). Under pretension is wound onto the same a metallic resistance material heating tape (17), so that the resulting elasticity reserve, also at operating temperature, ensures a good application of the heating tape to the film. Temperature switching devices for preventing excess temperatures or running dry can be fitted in the overlap area (15).

Abstract: A system for warming blood or other liquids to body temperature for infusion into a patient. The system includes a blood warmer apparatus having a pair of closely spaced apart heat transfer plates, each of which forms one face of a housing containing flat vapor condensation heating units. A flat disposable heat exchanging blood warming envelope is held clamped between the heat transfer plates. The envelope is provided with an air escape vent covered by a hydrophobic filter eliminating the need for a vent separate check valve. An air heating unit in one of the apparatus housings includes a cool air inlet, heat transfer fins on the walls of the vapor condensation heater unit, a fan and guides for conducting air past those fins and a warmed air outlet. An external elongated insulated air hose is connected at one end to the warmed air outlet and extends to the patient.