Abstract: A cutting insert is provided with an upper surface, a lower surface, side surfaces for interconnecting the upper surface and the lower surface, cutting edges located at the intersections between the upper surface and the side surfaces, and grooves located in the side surfaces, extending from the upper surface toward the lower surface, and dividing the cutting edges. Each of the grooves is provided with a first edge and a second edge which are located at the edges of the groove in the width direction thereof and extending from the upper surface toward the lower surface. In a side view, the first edge has a first separated section located on the upper surface side and, as the first edge extends toward the lower surface, separated away from a reference line which passes through the midpoint of the groove in the width direction thereof and is substantially perpendicular to the lower surface.

Abstract: A locating system and method for accurately positioning key blanks with respect to a key cutter where the key head is clamped between opposing jaws with the key blade working edges projecting therefrom, the key head is provided with shaped recesses having at least a partially specifically shaped edge wall and wherein at least one jaw member is provided with a projection having a correspondingly shaped sidewall, the pin being positioned with respect to the clamp such that when the key blank head is abutted against the pin with the key blank edge configuration mating to the pin sidewall configuration, the key blade will project from the jaw in a proper position for engagement by either the bitting follower or bitting cutter respectively.

Abstract: A cylindrical rotating tool comprises a major diameter portion having formed therein an internal fluid passage, a minor diameter portion provided in front of the major diameter portion, and a tip attached to the front of the minor diameter portion. When seen from behind the central axis line, an inner circumference of an outlet of the internal fluid passage intersects with an outer circumference of the minor diameter portion. At the site of the outlet, a notch is formed on an outer circumferential surface of the minor diameter portion. An inclined portion of the notch is formed obliquely so that the distance from the central axis line to the inclined portion on further forward of the minor diameter portion becomes larger than the distance from the central axis line to the inclined portion on a closest position on the entire circumference of the outlet to the central axis line.

Abstract: A coplanarly joined print carrier composed of at least two laminar partial print carriers. One of the partial print carriers contains a paper layer. The paper layer of one partial print carrier is attenuated in thickness along an edge strip by removing a partial layer. The other partial print carrier has a lesser thickness along one edge strip than elsewhere. The two partial print carriers are bonded together along their two edge strips. A method suitable for making such a print carrier is also provided.

Abstract: A choke for use with a shotgun is provided. In accordance with one embodiment the choke has a body that defines a bore with a longitudinal axis therethrough. The body is configured for engagement with a shotgun, and the bore is positioned for traversal of a wad and shot therethrough and out of an end of the bore. The body has a circumference, an inner surface, and outer surface. The body defines at least one port for venting gas from the bore that extends from the inner surface to the outer surface. The shape of the port at the inner surface is asymmetrical.

Abstract: A cutting insert provided with an upper surface, side surfaces, and cutting edges provided at portions at which the upper surface and the side surfaces intersect with each other. Each side surface has grooves reaching the upper surface so as to divide the cutting edge into small cutting edges. Projections are provided on the upper surface at positions to which the grooves extend.

Abstract: A system and method for profiling and manufacturing curved arches includes cutting out the outer dimensions of individual curved sections from sheet material, each curved section including an outer radius, an inner radius, a top surface, a bottom surface, a male end and a corresponding female end. Assembling together the individual curved sections by joining interferingly end to end male ends with female ends to form an assembled curved section. Milling a profile into the top surface of the assembled curved section thereby resulting in an assembled curved section with a profiled top surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for aligning a machine tool with a target location on a structure. A machine plate positionable on the structure has a plate bushing providing a hole through the plate. The apparatus also includes a nosepiece for guiding a distal end of the tool through the plate bushing to the target location. The nosepiece has a collet configured to be moved at least partly through and sideward in the plate bushing to center the nosepiece on an element projecting from the structure at the target location. The nosepiece can be attached to the plate bushing to establish normality of the tool relative to the projecting element.

Abstract: A cutting wheel for a grinder pump includes in one embodiment a monolithic disc-shaped base portion having a bottom surface having a plurality of integrally formed spaced-apart, downwardly-depending cutting elements disposed adjacent the peripheral edge of the disc-shaped based portion. In another embodiment, a cutting wheel for a grinder pump includes a monolithic disc-shaped base portion having a bottom surface having a plurality of integrally formed spaced-apart, downwardly-depending cutting elements disposed adjacent the peripheral edge of the disc-shaped based portion, and a plurality of integrally formed downwardly-depending paddle elements spaced-apart from the cutting elements.

Abstract: A work piece or structural component is coated with a system of film layers at least one of which is composed of (AlyCr1-y)X, where X=N, C, B, CN, BN, CBN, NO, CO, BO, CNO, BNO or CBNO and 0.2?y<0.7, with the composition within said film being either essentially constant or varying over the thickness of the film continually or in steps, as well as a process for producing it.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems, methods, and computer-readable media for machining materials are disclosed. For example, one embodiment of the present invention includes a method for machining a feature on a work piece (100) along a curving tool path having the steps of controlling a relative translational movement between a tool table and the work piece (100) along the curving tool path and controlling a corresponding angle of rotation of the tool table with respect to the work piece (100) to maintain a substantially constant angle between the tool table and the corresponding relative translational movement between the tool table and the work piece (100) along the curving tool path. In another embodiment, a computer-readable media includes code for a carrying out such a method.

Abstract: A method of changing the distance between a rotary cutter disposed on a carriage assembly and a work surface. The method includes the steps of providing a first mechanism on the carriage assembly for making small distance changes between the rotary cutter and the work surface and providing a second mechanism on the carriage assembly for making larger distance changes between the rotary cutter and the work surface. The user selects one of the first and the second mechanisms to adjust the distance between the rotary cutter and the work surface and then activates the selected one of the first and the second mechanisms. Activation of the second mechanism automatically disengages the first mechanism.

Abstract: A minimum five-axis machine tool (11) has first to third linear feed axes orthogonal to each other as well as first and second rotational feed axes orthogonal to each other, wherein a rotational axis line of the first rotational feed axis C is parallel to the first linear feed axis Z. While a tool T and a work W are moved relatively through the second and third linear feed axes X, Y to perform machining of the work W by means of the tool T, the machine tool controls the first rotational feed axis C such that a rotational axis line of the second rotational feed axis A is perpendicular to the direction of relative movement of the perpendicular to the direction of relative movement of the tool T to the work W, and controls a power supplied to a motor for the second rotational feed axis A when a torque around the second rotational feed axis A exceeds a specified threshold.

Abstract: A process for forming a firtree slot in a disc of a bladed rotor assembly for a gas turbine engine may include making a first pass with a machining quill to form a rough profile of the firtree slot, making a second pass with an inclined machining quill having the shape of one of the finished side wall profile of the firtree slot and avoiding engagement with the other side, and making a third pass with an inclined second quill having the shape of the other of the finished side wall profile of the firtree slot and avoiding engagement with the other side, in order to provide a firtree slot for receiving and fixing the root of a blade.

Abstract: In a method for producing a medical implant with a preferably massive titanium core and a sheath of sintered open cell titanium foam, an open cell polymer foam sheath is produced with a recess adapted in size and shape to hold at least a section of a titanium core with tight fit. At least one section of the titanium core is inserted into the recess before or after the polymer foam is soaked with titanium slurry. The polymer foam sheath soaked with the titanium slurry is dried and subsequently the polymer foam is removed. The titanium foam is then sintered onto the titanium core.

Abstract: In a machine tool or a processing method, a column base (12) is supported on a bed (11) movably in a horizontal direction, and a column (13) is installed vertically on the column base (12). A saddle (14) is supported on a side of the column (13) movably in a vertical direction, and a ram stock (15) is supported on the saddle (14) movably in a horizontal direction. A spindle (16) is rotatably supported by the ram stock (15), a damper (21) is provided on the ram stock (15), and an O-ring (22) is provided between the ram stock (15) and the damper (21), so that the O-ring (22) can be deformed by a pressing member (23). An NC device (24) can adjust a deformation degree of the O-ring (22) by the pressing member (23) depending on a mass of an attachment (17). Therefore, vibration of a tool can be effectively damped by changing a natural frequency according to replacement or movement of the attachment.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing multi piece curved molding from planar material including the steps of, milling locating holes in the bottom side of sheet material proximate ends of curved sections, milling curved section from sheet material including the finished outer radius, the finished inner radius and milled ends, milling the profile to produce the profiled top side on curved section, placing locating holes in corresponding locating pins in a precision cut off fixture and precision cutting ends of curved section thereby producing a precision cut end and discarding waste portion.

Abstract: A head 2 has a face line 8 having a depth of D1 (mm). When a boundary between a land area and a face line is defined as a point Pa; a point of which a depth is [D1/4] (mm) is defined as a point Pb; a point of which a depth is [D1/2] (mm) is defined as a point Pc; a point of which a depth is [(D1)×(3/4)] (mm) is defined as a point Pd; a point of which a depth is 0.002 (mm) is defined as a point Px; a radius of a circle CL1 passing through three points of the point Pa, the point Pb, and the point Pc is defined as R3 (mm); a straight line passing through the point Pa and the point Px is defined as a straight line Lax; and an angle between the land area and the straight line Lax is defined as ?2 (degree), the radius R3 is 0.2 (mm) or greater and 0.4 (mm) or less, and the angle ?2 is 10 degrees or greater and 50 degrees or less.

Abstract: A threaded tubular connection includes a female threaded portion at a first tubular component end and a male threaded portion at a second tubular component end, the female threaded portion including a female thread, at least one female sealing surface on its inner peripheral surface, and at least one female axial abutment surface, the male threaded portion including a male thread, at least one male sealing surface on its outer peripheral surface, at least one axial abutment surface, and a lip disposed between the sealing surface and an axial abutment surface located at a free end of the threaded portion distant from the thread, the male thread being made up into the female thread such that at least one male axial abutment surface is in contact with at least one female axial abutment surface, at least one male sealing surface being in interference contact with at least one corresponding female sealing surface, the portion of the lip between the sealing surface and the axial abutment surface being radially dist

Abstract: A workpiece includes a positional marker and defines a number of round recesses. The positional marker includes first positional projection, at least one second positional projection, and at least one third positional projection. The first positional projection defines a first diagonal and a second diagonal. The second positional projection is arranged along the first diagonal, and has a diagonal on the first diagonal. The third positional projection is arranged along the second diagonal, and has a diagonal on the second diagonal. Each of the first positional projection, the at least one second positional projection, and the at least one third positional projection is surrounded by four round recesses of the number of round recesses.

Abstract: A method of placing a bottom block includes: placing bottom blocks on a block storage area in which a spindle can hold the bottom blocks; attaching a block-transferring tool to the spindle, the block-transferring tool having a main shaft attachment attached to the spindle and a block holder for holding the bottom block; and holding the bottom blocks by the block holder of the block-transferring tool and placing the held bottom blocks on a predetermined workpiece placing position on an upper surface of a table by relative movement.

Abstract: Device and method for milling of materials including a milling cutter body including a first end portion and an opposite second end portion. The first end portion is connected to a rotatable spindle and the second end portion is provided with at least one cutting edge. The milling cutter body defines a longitudinal axis and is provided with an axial recess, wherein at least one mass element is arranged in the recess. The axial position of the mass element in relation to the milling cutter body is tuned by use of tuning members included in the device for the tuning of the natural frequency of the device. The mass element is axially locked in relation to the milling cutter body by use of lock members included in the device, in order to optimize the natural frequency of the device for the milling operation in question.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a jointless shower tray, which is installed in baths, or as a separate shower stall, with or without supporting bodies, which is advantageously level with the adjoining floor, and to a jointless shower tray. The drainage surface that collects water and guides it to the drainage opening of the shower tray is created from a material block having at least one plane-parallel surface by way of a material removal machining method. The drainage surface is produced in one operation using a program-controlled three-dimensional machining method, wherein the edge region of the shower tray transitions continuously into the drainage surface at least in the entrance and exit region thereof. This very convenient machining method can be used to configure the surface of the shower bottom, in one uninterrupted operation, in various shapes and without any shoulder whatsoever.

Abstract: A microlens transcription molding roller used for transcription-molding a plurality of microlenses on a sheet includes a plurality of microlens molding surfaces arrayed on an outer circumference of the roller along one spiral around an axis of the roller at a constant interval.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of a material removal tool has a housing at a mating end, an extension longitudinally extending from the housing to a distal end, a plurality of spacers arranged along the extension, and a nut at the distal end of the extension, wherein the plurality of spacers are formed from a material having a Young's modulus of greater than about 1.5 times that of steel. The spacers along the extension of the tool place the stiffer material of the spacer at a location of greatest resistance to bending moments (i.e. highest sectional modulus). Optionally preloading and “built-in” relief points contribute to improved performance of the material removal tool. A method of manufacturing a material removal tool and a method of machining a workpiece are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reducing vibrations, occurring during a machining operation, of a machine element (7,8) and/or of a workpiece (5) in a machine tool, production machine and/or in a machine (1) designed as a robot, wherein an additional mass (9a, 9b, 9c) is attached to the machine element (7,8) and/or to the workpiece (5) in an automated manner, wherein the mass of the additional mass (9a, 9b, 9c) is adapted to the machining operation. Furthermore, the invention relates to a machine (1) in this respect. The invention enables vibrations, occurring during a machining operation, of a machine element (7,8) of a machine (1) and/or of a workpiece (5) to be reduced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical component or a molding die for the optical component, the method comprising the steps of: cutting a surface of a work with a tool by rotating the tool around its axis with a cutting edge facing outward and moving in a circle to cut the work surface at a point of the circle while relatively moving the tool and the work in a line direction crossing to the axis of the tool at a predetermined feed speed; and cutting the work surface in a next line after relatively moving the tool and the work in a pitch direction perpendicular to the line direction by a pick feeding distance in such a condition that: tool rotation speed (S): 10000 to 30000 rpm; feed speed (F): 300 to 2000 mm/min; rotating radius (D) of a cutting edge of a tool: 5 to 15 mm; pick feeding distance (f): 0.01 to 0.04 mm; nose radius (r) of a cutting edge of a tool: 5 to 20 mm. The method allows to form a surface of a work into a free-form surface having a surface roughness of approximately 10 nm or less.

Abstract: A method for the milling machining of components is disclosed. The method produces recesses with one or more lateral walls, in particular for the production of integrally bladed rotors for gas turbines, the recesses forming flow channels and the lateral walls forming blade surfaces of an integrally bladed rotor. The component to be machined by milling is clamped in a locating device for the milling machining. To adjust the vibrational properties of the component to be machined by milling, areas of the component are embedded in and/or filled with a machinable plastic.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method of machining a substrate which includes the step of machining the substrate in an interrupted machining, impact machining or combination thereof operation using a tool which includes a tool component comprising a layer of polycrystalline diamond (12) having a working surface (16), a softer layer (20) containing a metal and bonded to the working surface (16) of the polycrystalline diamond layer (12) along an interface, the region (22) of the layer of polycrystalline diamond (12) adjacent the interface containing some metal from the softer layer (20).

Abstract: Floorboards for installation of floors in herringbone pattern are formed with two opposite sides inverted relative to each other. The invention further comprises methods for producing and making floorings comprising such floorboards, as well as fitting pieces and sets of parts for such floorings.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of milling ball races which are of an approximately elliptical profile which has a first semi-axis extending substantially perpendicularly to the base of the ball race and a second semi-axis extending perpendicularly to the first semi-axis and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the ball race, wherein a side milling cutter is used to produce the ball race, the peripheral cutting edges of which produce the elliptical profile of the ball race, wherein the cutting edges of the side milling cutter in a section containing the axis of the milling cutter are also of an elliptical profile whose first semi-axis extends perpendicularly to the milling cutter axis and whose second semi-axis extends parallel to the milling cutter axis.

Abstract: Rotary material removal tool mounted to a shaft for rotational motion includes a body and a plurality of radially extending arms. Each arm includes a radially outward peripheral edge, and, relative to a direction of rotational motion of the body, a leading side and a trailing side. Radially outward peripheral edges include a cutting insert mounting structure that projects axially below a bottom side of the body. The rotary material removal tool includes at least one of the following features to reduce measured air pressure (P1): (i) a leading edge of the insert mounting structure includes an air-displacement structure, (ii) the radially extending arms include at least one through-opening extending from the leading side to the trailing side, and (iii) the bottom side of the body is spaced from a plane containing a bottommost surface of the projecting cutting insert mounting structure. The air-displacement structure can be generally wedge-shaped, cone-shaped or pyramid-shaped.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses to provide vibration reduction of a workpiece when performing machining operations are disclosed. In various embodiments, a machine tool includes a shank having at least one end configured for engagement with a machine operable to rotate the shank. A cutting portion has a diameter defined by features used to remove material from a workpiece. The cutting portion is coupled to the shank. A vibration reduction dampener may be located between the shank and the workpiece.

Abstract: A milling method is disclosed for machining a workpiece of a compressor or turbine wheel in a machine tool. The contour of flow-conducting sections of the compressor or turbine wheel is machined using a rotating milling tool on the workpiece that is accommodated in a workpiece support and is fastened relative thereto for the production process. In order to increase the possibilities to automate the method, the workpiece (8) is placed, by a positioning aid, in a certain position within the workpiece support in a positioning step. The position is used for a subsequent production process and is at least radially predetermined relative to a longitudinal axis. The workpiece is fastened within the machine tool in an axial direction relative to the workpiece support in a clamping step that differs from the positioning step.

Abstract: A lifelike carving product and a method of producing the same is provided. The product may be utilized as an onlay or integral part of architectural elements to show designs of plant, fruit, and/or vegetable. The product includes at least one plant body, at least one stem, and a realistic fruit-stem/vegetable-stem interface. The plant body may include a flattened area, a stem receptacle whereat a plant end of the stem converges to the plant body, and an arcuate rim that at least partially surrounds the plant end in the stem receptacle. The realistic fruit-stem/vegetable-stem interface may be formed with the stem converging to the plant body perpendicularly with respect to a tangent line, or with a stem centerline of the stem aligning with a stem plane.

Abstract: A lifelike carving product and a method of producing the same is provided. The product may be utilized as an onlay or integral part of architectural elements to show designs of plant, fruit, and/or vegetable. The product includes at least one plant body, at least one stem, and a realistic fruit-stem/vegetable-stem interface. The plant body may include a flattened area, a stem receptacle whereat a plant end of the stem converges to the plant body, and an arcuate rim that at least partially surrounds the plant end in the stem receptacle. The realistic fruit-stem/vegetable-stem interface may be formed with the stem converging to the plant body perpendicularly with respect to a tangent line, or with a stem centerline of the stem aligning with a stem plane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to machine a curved surface such as an inner or outer peripheral surface of a pipe. The pipe is held stationary during machining and a rotatable spindle of a machine head moves along multiple orthogonal axes to align the rotational axis of the spindle with the longitudinal pipe axis. Preferably, the pipe axis is located by using a touch probe to engage the curved surface at multiple spots and the calculating the location of the pipe axis. The cutting tool, which is preferably a cutting tool insert, is rotated by the spindle to machine the curved surface.

Abstract: A method of broaching a hardened steel workpiece with diamond-tipped tools includes forming a polycrystalline diamond insert and finish-grinding the polycrystalline diamond insert. The polycrystalline diamond insert is attached to an insert holder of a broach bar. A gear blank formed from steel is heat treated, and then an interior portion of the heat treated gear blank is broached with the broach bar. The broaching may occur in a single pass. Some embodiments of the method may further include forming the polycrystalline diamond insert by electrical discharge machining. Furthermore, finish-grinding the polycrystalline diamond insert may include grinding with a diamond grinding wheel. Attaching the polycrystalline diamond insert to the insert holder of the broach bar may include brazing.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold for a zonal optical element including forming a circular portion where, while rotating a work around a rotation axis corresponding to the optical axis as a center, a tip is relatively moved relative to the work to form the circular portion at the mold side corresponding to the circular portion on the processing surface of the work perpendicular to the rotation axis; forming a zonal surface where the tip is relatively moved relative to the work to form a zonal surface at the mold side corresponding to the zonal surface; and forming a corner portion between the boundary portion at the mold side and the zonal surface at the mold side wherein a raked surface of the tip is in contact with a portion corresponding to the boundary wall surface.

Abstract: An end mill body rotatable around an axis; peripheral cutting edges formed at a periphery of the end mill body located close to a distal end thereof; bottom cutting edges formed at a distal end of the end mill body; and corner cutting edges formed between the peripheral cutting edge and the bottom cutting edge. The corner cutting edges are formed to curve inwardly in a radial direction of the end mill body as they approach the distal end of the end mill body from the terminal end thereof and curve toward the terminal end of the end mill body after reaching the distal end of the end mill body. The bottom cutting edges are formed to communicate with the corner cutting edges and are close to the terminal end of the end mill body as the bottom cutting edge approaches inwardly in the radial direction. A value of a rake angle ? of the corner cutting edge with respect to the axis ?10°???10°.

Abstract: Arrangements and methods for connecting and mounting decorative ornaments, for example, beads, crystals, or gems, are disclosed. The arrangements and methods are particularly useful in mounting ornaments in decorative fixtures, such as chandeliers. In one aspect, an arrangement is provided that includes a first ornament having two mounting apertures and a second ornament having at least one mounting aperture; and at least one connector for connecting the first ornament to the second ornament whereby when hung the two apertures of the first ornament are laterally disposed from each other. Multiple pre-formed connectors are disclosed for use in connecting ornaments, such as ornament chains. Mounting hooks, mounting devices, and mounting arrangements are also provided for attaching ornaments to a support, for instance, mounting devices fabricated from thin plate, for example, by laser cutting.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method of machining a workpiece made of a material selected from a metal, metal matrix composite, wood, synthetic, ceramic and stone and synthetic construction materials which includes the step of machining the workpiece using a tool which includes a tool component comprising a layer of polycrystalline diamond (12) having a working surface (16), a softer layer (20) containing a metal and bonded to the working surface (16) of the polycrystalline diamond layer (12) along an interface, the region (22) of the layer of polycrystalline diamond (12) adjacent the interface containing some metal from the softer layer (20).

Abstract: The invention relates to a ball raceway milling device (3) having a milling head (4) on which a cutting edge (6) is arranged. According to the invention, the milling head (4) consists of solid carbide. The invention further proposes a tool system having a ball raceway milling device (3) and a tool holder (2), wherein the ball raceway milling device (3) is shrunk within the tool holder (2). In addition, the invention proposes a method for the application of a ball raceway milling device (3).

Abstract: A composite anode active material includes a first intermetallic compound, a second intermetallic compound, a metal that is incapable of alloy formation with lithium, and carbon. In the composite anode active material, an amorphous carbon is present between the first intermetallic compound and the second intermetallic compound, and the metal that is incapable of alloy formation with lithium is uniformly distributed throughout in the composite anode active material. The composite anode active material may be used as an anode of a lithium rechargeable battery.

Abstract: Provided is a tool which is capable of precisely measuring a distance from a reference point such as a mechanical origin to a cutting edge, even where the cutting edge is small in diameter, thereby allowing the cutting edge to be precisely moved to a machining origin which is a machining start position. Targets (12), (13) are provided at a site displaced from a cutting edge (11) which is a machining site to a thicker base side, on the tool designated by numeral (1), for applying machining to a work piece (W). These targets are formed in an irregular shape for acting measuring mediums (Zy), (Zx) such as a probe or an electrode for contact-type measurement, light for optical measurement, or a sonic wave for displacement-type measurement, and further, light required for optical magnification-type stereoscopic vision or optical imaging.

Abstract: A vibration suppressing method and a vibration suppressing device are disclosed. After a tool is attached to a main spindle, a modal parameter of the tool or a workpiece is computed. Thereafter, a relation between chatter frequency and phase difference is calculated as an approximation formula based on the obtained modal parameter and machining conditions. If chatter vibration occurs after initiation of the machining, a chatter frequency corresponding to a target phase difference is obtained using the approximation formula, and based on the obtained chatter frequency, the number of tool flutes and the main spindle rotation speed, the optimum rotation speed is calculated. The rotation speed of the main spindle is then changed in accordance with the obtained optimum rotation speed.

Abstract: A manifold includes first and second plates secured together at an inner face of each plate. A plurality of chambers and passages are in the inner faces of the plates and at least one port on an outer face of each plate connected to one of the chambers and passages. A crossover element in the inner face of the first plate separates a chamber or passage in the first plate from a chamber or passage in the second plate in the crossover area where the chambers or passages cross.

Abstract: The present invention is a cutting insert, comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface, a cutting edge, and a groove portion. The cutting edge comprises a main cutting edge, an auxiliary cutting edge arranged so as to make an obtuse angle to the main cutting edge in the upper surface view, and a corner cutting edge positioned between the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edge and is located in at least a part of an intersection portion between the upper surface and the side surface. The groove portion is located on the side surface so as to reach the upper surface. In this cutting insert, a side wall surface of the groove portion positioned on the side near the corner cutting edge is substantially parallel to the auxiliary cutting edge or comes close to the auxiliary cutting edge toward inside of the groove portion in the upper surface view. The present invention is a cutting tool in which this cutting insert is installed and a cutting method using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method for producing a sensor film for measuring cracks of a material surface using the comparative vacuum measurement method. A gallery having a predetermined gallery course is milled along a surface of the sensor film using a milling apparatus. The sensor film comprises a plastic material.

Abstract: The invention concerns an element for signs (1, 100, 101, 102) comprising a main body (2, 2a, 2b, 20a, 21c). The main body (2, 2a, 2b, 20a, 21c) is made with a polymer. The invention also concerns a process and a system for-manufacturing the element for signs.