Abstract: A fiber containing a bound active material, such as a metal oxide, under 20 microns in diameter. The inventive fiber is formed through the mixing of the fibers with a cationic or anionic polymer in one tank, the active material with a cationic or anionic polymer in a second tank, the opposite zeta potential of that used with the active material, and then mixing the active material/polymer and fiber/polymer blends together.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composite material consisting of intermetallic phases and ceramic, in particular in the form of a coating on metallic substrates, as well as an arc wire spraying process for production of the composite material in which the intermetallic phases and the ceramics to be deposited are newly formed during the deposit process from the components of the supplied wires by chemical reaction. The invention further concerns wear resistant layers formed by the composites, tribologic layers and plating or hard-facing materials.

Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are provided of thermal interface material assemblies. In one exemplary embodiment, a thermal interface material assembly generally includes a thermal interface material having a first side and a second side and a metallization layer having a layer thickness of about 0.0005 inches or less. The metallization layer is disposed along at least a portion of the first side of the thermal interface material.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a device adapted for exposure to high temperatures. A support structure for retaining a ceramic insulating material on a substrate is formed by the deposition of a support structure material through a patterned masking material. The support structure can define cells into which the ceramic insulating material is deposited following removal of the masking material. The support structure may be a composite metal-ceramic material having either discreet layers or a graded composition deposited by an electro-deposition process followed by a heat treatment to form a solid state diffusion bond with the substrate. The ceramic filler material may be deposited by the electrophoretic deposition of ceramic particles coated with a bonding material that is subsequently heated to oxidize and to bond the particles together. The support structure may be formed with inclined walls in order to improve its resistance to foreign object impact damage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a transparent conductive film comprising a coating step for coating a coating solution containing metal nanoparticles on a substrate to form a coated layer, a drying step for drying the coated layer and a baking step for baking the coated layer to obtain a transparent conductive film, wherein a metal in the metal nanoparticles is oxidized to a metal oxide during at least one of the coating step, the drying step and the baking step. According to this method, a transparent conductive film having a low specific resistance and a high light transmittance can be produced by coating.

Abstract: In a solid precursor evaporation system configured for use in a thin film deposition system, such as thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD), a method for preparing one or more trays of solid precursor is described. The solid precursor may be formed on a coating substrate, such as a tray, using one or more of dipping techniques, spin-on techniques, and sintering techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for removal of arsenic and heavy metals from water.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a ceramic electroactive transducer of a predetermined shape is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of providing a suitably shaped core having an outer surface, attaching a first conductor to the outer surface of the core, coating an inner conductive electrode on the outer surface of the core such that the inner conductive electrode is in electrical communication with the first conductor, coating a ceramic layer onto the inner electrode, thereafter sintering the ceramic layer, coating an outer electrode onto the sintered ceramic layer to produce an outer electrode that is not in electrical communication with the first conductor, and then poling the sintered ceramic layer across the inner electrode and the outer electrode to produce the ceramic electrode.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling the consistency of the quality of ultra hard materials formed over tungsten carbide substrates formed from different batches of tungsten carbide powder by controlling the tungsten carbide particle size distribution in each batch.

Abstract: A process is presented which produces at least one block of dense material constituted by hard particles dispersed in a binder phase, it being possible for the dense material to be enriched locally with binder phase by imbibition. The process includes bringing at least one imbibition area of a surface of the block, preferably coated with a coating material, into contact with an imbibiting material which locally enriches the block with binder phase. The block in contact with the imbibiting material is then subjected to a suitable thermal cycle constituted by heating, temperature maintenance and cooling. This serves to bring some or all of the imbibiting material and the binder phase of the block into the liquid state in such a manner that the enrichment with binder phase takes place solely through the imbibition area. The block is used in connection with the building of a drill bit or tool.

Abstract: A graphite-silicon carbide composite comprises a graphite substrate and a silicon carbide layer formed thereon and comprising silicon carbide particles in fused and contact bonded state. The composite has excellent oxidation resistance and finds a wide range of application as heat resistant material. The method of forming a silicon carbide layer on graphite surface is simple and consistent.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of preparing a wear-resistant coating layer comprising metal matrix composite and a coating layer prepared by using the same and more particularly, it provides a method of preparing a wear-resistant coating layer comprising metal matrix composite, which comprises the steps of providing a base material, preparing a mixture powder comprising a metal, alloy or mixture particle thereof having an average diameter of 50 to 100 um and a ceramic or mixture particle thereof having an average diameter of 25 to 50 um in a ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 by volume, injecting the mixture powder into a spray nozzle for coating, and coating the mixture powder on the surface of the base material by accelerating the mixture powder in the state of non-fusion at a rate of 300 to 1,200 m/s by the flow of transportation gas flowing in the nozzle and a coating layer prepared by using the same whereby the coating layer with high wear resistance and excellent resistance against fatigue crack on the surface of the

Abstract: Carbon-ceramic brake discs, the remaining porosity in which, after infiltration with a carbide-forming element and reaction of this element with at least part of the carbon in the preliminary body of the carbon-ceramic brake disc to form carbides, is at least partly filled with particles whose average diameter is in the range from 0.5 nm to 20 nm, and a process for producing carbon-ceramic brake discs with reduced porosity, wherein carbon-ceramic brake discs are treated with a solution of organic compounds of boron, zirconium, titanium, silicon or aluminum or mixtures of such compounds, the cited organic compounds being present as sols in an organic solvent, after removal from the sol bath the brake discs treated in this way are dried in an oven at a heating rate of between 30 K/h and 300 K/h under air or protective gas and are then tempered at a final temperature of between 350° C. and 800° C.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting oxygen and moisture degradation of a device (e.g., an OLED device) and the resulting device are described herein. To inhibit the oxygen and moisture degradation of the device, a Sn2+-containing inorganic oxide material is used to form a barrier layer on the device. The Sn2+-containing inorganic oxide material can be, for example, SnO, blended SnO & P2O5 powders, and blended SnO & BPO4 powders.

Abstract: A process for the production of a shell mould, comprising the sequential steps of: (i) dipping a preformed expendable pattern into a slurry of refractory particles and colloidal liquid binder whereby to form a coating layer on the pattern, (ii) depositing particles of refractory material onto the coating, and (iii) drying, steps (i) to (iii) being repeated as often as required to produce a shell mould having the required number of coating layers, characterised in that during at least one performance of step (ii) the particles of refractory material have been pre-mixed with a gel-forming material whereby to coat at least a portion of the refractory particles with the gel forming material such that after contact with the coating layer moisture is absorbed by the gel-forming material thereby causing gellation of the colloidal binder so reducing the time required for drying in step (iii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing an electrode comprising depositing on an electrode substrate a binder dispersion comprising a precursor of a conductive or semiconductive oxide, forming a conductive or semiconductive oxide coating from the precursor on the electrode substrate, depositing an electroconductive titanium oxide and electrode particles on the conductive or semiconductive oxide coating, adhering the electroconductive titanium oxide and the electrode particles to the formed conductive or semiconductive oxide coating. The invention also relates to an electrode obtainable by the process, and the use thereof in an electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A method for forming an ultrafine particle brittle material at low temperature which includes the steps of applying a mechanical impact force or a pressure to a ultrafine particle brittle material so as to have a percentage in the ultrafine particles having a primary particle diameter less than 50 nm in all the particles of 10 to 90%, subjecting the resulting brittle material to a heat treatment at a temperature not higher than the sintering temperature thereof so as to have the above percentage of 50% or less, and then applying a mechanical impact force not less than the crushing strength to the resultant material, to crush the material, thereby joining the ultrafine particles in the brittle material with one another, to form a formed article of the ultrafine particle brittle material; and an ultrafine particle brittle material for use in the method.

Abstract: A conductive, corrosion-resistant coating includes a mixture of corrosion-resistant binder and highly conductive corrosion-resistant particles. The size of the particles is equal to or greater than the final thickness of the coating. After the coating is applied and cured, the surface of the coating is machined to remove the top surface layer of the binder as well as the top parts of the particles embedded in the binder, thus opening multiple direct conductive paths to the underlying substrate through the conductive particles.

Abstract: A method of forming a dense and crack-free hematite-containing protective layer on a metal-based substrate for use in a high temperature oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises applying onto the substrate a particle mixture consisting of: 60 to 99 95 weight %, in particular 70 to 95 weight % such as 75 to 85 weight %, of hematite with or without iron metal and/or ferrous oxide; 1 to 25 weight %, in particular 5 8 to 20 weight % such as 8 to 15 weight %, of nitride and/or carbide particles, such as boron nitride, aluminium nitride or zirconium carbide particles; and 0 to 15 weight %, in particular 5 to 15 weight %, of one or more further constituents that consist of at least one metal or metal oxide or a heat-convertible precursor thereof.

Abstract: A composite gas separation module includes a porous metal substrate; an intermediate layer that includes a powder having a Tamman temperature higher than the Tamman temperature of the porous metal substrate and wherein the intermediate layer overlies the porous metal substrate; and a dense hydrogen-selective membrane, wherein the dense hydrogen-selective membrane overlies the intermediate layer. In another embodiment, a composite gas separation module includes a porous metal substrate; an intermediate powder layer; and a dense gas-selective membrane, wherein the dense gas-selective membrane overlies the intermediate powder layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a component, in particular an aluminium electrowinning anode, for use at elevated temperature in an oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises: applying onto a metal-based substrate layers of a particle mixture containing iron oxide particles and particles of a reactant-oxide selected from titanium, yttrium, ytterbium and tantalum oxides; and heat treating the applied layers to consolidate by reactive sintering of the iron oxide particles and the reactant-oxide particles to turn the applied layer into a protective coating made of a substantially continuous reacted oxide matrix of one or more multiple oxides of iron and the metal from the reactant-oxide. The metal-based substrate comprises at its surface during the heat treatment an integral anchorage-oxide of at least one metal of the substrate.

Abstract: A process for the patterning of a desired substance on a surface includes: (i) charging a particle formation vessel with a compressed fluid; (ii) introducing into the particle formation vessel a first feed stream comprising a solvent and the desired substance dissolved therein and a second feed stream comprising the compressed fluid, wherein the desired substance is less soluble in the compressed fluid relative to its solubility in the solvent and the solvent is soluble in the compressed fluid, and wherein the first feed stream is dispersed in the compressed fluid, allowing extraction of the solvent into the compressed fluid and precipitation of particles of the desired substance; (iii) exhausting compressed fluid, solvent and the desired substance from the particle formation vessel at a rate substantially equal to a rate of addition of such components to the vessel in step (ii) through a restrictive passage to a lower pressure whereby the compressed fluid is transformed to a gaseous state, and wherein the re

Abstract: A ceramic composite body includes at least two layers: material layer A and material layer B. Material layer A contains phases of a metal and the carbide of this metal. Material layer B contains silicon carbide that has been loosely bound by sintering. A method for fabricating the composite body is included and a protective armor against projectiles.

Abstract: A method of producing a material library of surface areas having different properties is described, in which mixtures of substances are applied to a substrate by a combinatory method so that a combinatory system is obtained. At least two suspensions are used to produce the mixtures.

Abstract: A polymeric linking agent enables the manufacture of photovoltaic cells on flexible substrates, including, for example, polymeric substrates. Photovoltaic cells may be fabricated by a relatively simple continuous manufacturing process, for example, a roll-to-roll process, instead of a batch process.

Abstract: A method for producing fine or ultra fine powder particles comprising mixing a metal alkoxide with a non-metallic hydride in an organic solvent, agitating the mixed solution, and then burning the mixed solution. The burning process comprises igniting the solution directly or burning the solution in situ. A self-sustaining flame will result. When the precursor solution burns, the metallic compound will be co-fired with the organic solvent. As a result, fine or ultra fine particles of mixed metal will burst from the flame, or thrust through the flame and be synthesized.

Abstract: A tungsten disulfide metal surface treatment in which the substrate material is prepared through impingement of small blast media particle sizes to create formed pockets in the substrate material approximately matched to the size of the tungsten disulfide particles. A sand blast apparatus having a vibratory bowl with a throttled intake pipe enables small blast media particles to be used to prepare the substrate surface with the formed pockets. A method for forming the tungsten disulfide surface treatment through roughening the substrate surface in a controlled manner is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the high-speed rotary application of a liquid coating agent containing at least one pigment and/or at least one extender onto a substrate, wherein the process comprises the steps: (a) directly supplying at least two liquid components in a specified quantity ratio which determines the qualitative and quantitative composition of the coating agent to at least one high-speed rotary atomizer or preparation of a premix from at least two liquid components in a specified quantity ratio which determines the qualitative and quantitative composition of the coating agent and supply of the premix to at least one high-speed rotary atomizer, (b) high-speed rotary atomizing the components directly supplied in step (a) or of the premix supplied in step (a) to the at least one high-speed rotary atomizer and (c) applying the material atomized in step (b) onto a substrate, wherein at least one of the components used in step (a) contains at least one pigment and/or at least one extender.

Abstract: A method for preparing a superconducting heat transfer medium having three basic layers, the method having the steps of preparing a first layer mixture, applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer, preparing a second layer mixture, applying the second layer mixture to the substrate over the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer, preparing a third layer powder, and exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer superconducting heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a non-obstructed interior opening in a kinetic spray nozzle is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a mixture of particles including first particle population and a second particle population; entraining the mixture of particles into a flow of a gas at a temperature below the melt temperature of the particle populations; and directing the mixture of particles entrained in the flow of gas through a supersonic nozzle to accelerate the first particle population to a velocity sufficient to result in adherence of the first particle population on a substrate positioned opposite the nozzle. The operating conditions of the kinetic spray system are selected such that the second particle population is not accelerated to a velocity sufficient to result in adherence when it impacts the substrate.

Abstract: A method for coating moisture sensitive inorganic particles, such as phosphors, comprising mixing the inorganic particles having a particle size of about 1 to 100 micrometers with nanometer-sized coating particles, and firing the mixture to soften or melt the nanometer-sized particles about the inorganic particles, forming a moisture impervious coating. The coated particles are washed to remove excess particles, and dried. Coated moisture sensitive phosphor particles are impervious to moisture.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technology of applying a coating of powder materials by spraying and can be used for producing a coating of metals; their mechanical mixtures and dielectrics, adding various functional properties to treated surfaces. The proposed method of applying a powder coating comprised as follows: producing a gas-carrier flow, mixing powder with it, accelerating the gas-powder flow in the nozzle, generating its preset profile, further simultaneously generating the second gas-carrier flow, heating it, generating its preset profile and accelerating it in the nozzle, after that superimposing the accelerated gas-powder flow of the preset profile over the gas-carrier flow of the preset profile, and directing the cumulative jet to an article.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus to link and/or pattern self-assembled first objects to a second object. Each of the first object (e.g., a nanoparticle) can be embedded in a mobile binder (i.e., a stabilizer). The invention applies energy to the first object and stabilizer, links this first object to the second object, and provides a controlled linkage of the first object with respect to the second object. Applying this procedure to many such objects results in a larger a real arrangement of these linked objects. An appropriate solvent may be used to remove non-linked objects, yielding a patterned array. Thermal annealing can be applied to control the physical and chemical properties of the array.

Abstract: A metallic sliding member which is improved in initial compatibility and significantly reduced in frictional resistance: and a process for producing the member. The process comprises causing fine particles of molybdenum disulfide to collide against the surface of a base to form a layer containing molybdenum disulfide, serving as a solid lubricant, as a surface layer having a depth not larger than 20 ?m from the surface.

Abstract: A porous ceramic substrate structure (10) having an interior portion (12) formed with an outer surface (14) is porous to at least one selected gas (16). A first ceramic coating layer (18) is applied to the outer surface (14) of the ceramic substrate structure (10) in a suspension state. The first ceramic coating suspension (20) has a desired level of viscosity for application to the substrate and is formed with a ceramic electrolyte powder and at least one organic additive. A second ceramic coating layer (22) is applied to the outer surface (14) following application of the first coating (18). The second coating (22) is initially applied after the first coating (18) and in a suspension state. The ceramic layers (18 and 22) substantially prevent gas leakage through the outer surface (14).

Abstract: The invention refers to a new process for preparing coated crystals by coating crystal template particles with alternating layers of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and/or nanoparticles.

Abstract: A ultra fine particle film forming apparatus is provided which is capable of forming a ultra fine particle film which has ultra fine particles sufficiently bonded together, sufficient density, flat surface and uniform density. A planarized ultra fine particle film forming method for forming a planarized ultra fine particle film from a deposited film of ultra fine particles formed by supplying the ultra fine particles to a substrate, the method comprising one or more of a planarizing step of planarizing a surface of the deposited film of the ultra fine particles supplied to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming a solid film lubricant on the surface of a part having an arbitrary shape is provided, comprising preparing a carrier having a predetermined shape and size; coating lubricant powder on the carrier; and coating the lubricant powder over the surface of the part by physical contact between the carrier coated with the lubricant powder and the part.

Abstract: A method for coating moisture sensitive inorganic particles, such as phosphors, comprising mixing the inorganic particles which have a particle size of about 1 to 100 micrometers with nanometer sized coating particles, as of silica, and firing to soften or melt the nanometer sized particles, forming a moisture-impervious inorganic coating on the inorganic particles. The coated particles are washed to remove any uncoated particles and dried.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a surface layer with embedded inter-metallic phases, which is distinguished by the fact that a layer comprising a metal and a ceramic is applied to a substrate element, that a reaction takes place between the metal and the ceramic of the layer as a result of energy being introduced during the application of the layer or as a result of a subsequent introduction of energy, and as a result the surface layer is produced, with inter-metallic phases being formed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a flexible magnet with an induced anisotropy, and in particular to a process for making a flexible anisotropic magnet by thermal spraying in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The method may be used to fabricate a substrate having a flexible anisotropic magnetic coating or a free standing anisotropic flexible magnet.

Abstract: The invention relates to particles with opalescent effect—especially 3-D structural color pigments-based on solid colloidal crystals of monodispersed spheres and the manufacturing processes suitable for large-scale production of such solid colloidal crystal products. The particles with opalescent effect contain a sphere based crystal structure (or super-lattice) built up by monodisperse spheres and one or more secondary types of much smaller colloidal particles occupying partially or completely the empty spaces between the monodisperse spheres.

Abstract: Described herein is a method to fabricate porous thin-film electrodes for fuel cells and fuel cell stacks. Furthermore, the method can be used for all fuel cell electrolyte materials which utilize a continuous electrolyte layer. An electrode layer is deposited on a porous host structure by flowing gas (for example, Argon) from the bottomside of the host structure while simultaneously depositing a conductive material onto the topside of the host structure. By controlling the gas flow rate through the pores, along with the process conditions and deposition rate of the thin-film electrode material, a film of a pre-determined thickness can be formed. Once the porous electrode is formed, a continuous electrolyte thin-film is deposited, followed by a second porous electrode to complete the fuel cell structure.

Abstract: A metallic base material is covered with a coating layer of intermetallic compound, or a plurality of metallic base materials are welded to each other with an intermetallic compound, with reduced energy consumption within a short period of time. First metallic substance 31 in powdery form is piled up on metallic base material 2. Second metallic substance 3 in molten form is delivered onto piling layer 80 of the first substance. Thus, under the control of reaction initiation temperature, coating layer (or building up coating layer) 84 of intermetallic compound having a thickness of hundreds of microns (&mgr;m) to millimeters (mm) is formed on the base material 2 by the self-exothermic reaction between the first substance and the second substance. This method is also useful in the welding of a plurality of metallic base materials to each other with an intermetallic compound. The first substance can be constituted of, for example, Ni, Co or Fe. The second substance can be constituted of, for example, Al or Ti.

Abstract: A method of applying photo-luminescent pigment to a substrate, such as an aluminum or metal strip containing channels or depressions, includes preparing a dry powder formulation comprising a photo-luminescent pigment and a carrier/fixer, depositing the dry powder formulation onto the substrate surface, and heating to fuse the dry powder formulation to the substrate surface. The photo-luminescent pigment can be applied using an apparatus which includes a hopper adapted to contain the dry powder formulation, one or more orifices adapted to allow transfer of the dry powder formulation from the hopper to a substrate surface and a guide rail system for locating the substrate surface in both a fixed horizontal plane and a fixed vertical plane below the hopper and orifice.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cover assembly including a transparent window portion and a metallic frame that can be joined to a micro-device package base to form a hermetically sealed micro-device package. A sheet of a transparent material is provided having a window portion defined thereupon, the window portion having finished top and bottom surfaces. A frame-attachment area is prepared on the sheet, the frame-attachment area circumscribing the window portion. A first quantity of powdered metal particles is sprayed onto the prepared frame-attachment area of the sheet using a jet of gas, the gas being at a temperature below the fusing temperature of the metal particles. The jet of gas has a velocity sufficient to cause the metal particles to merge with one another upon impact with the sheet and with one another so as to form an initial continuous metallic coating adhering to the frame-attachment area of the sheet.

Abstract: An abrasive coating and a process for forming the abrasive coating by co-depositing hard particles within a matrix material onto a substrate using a cold spray process. The cold sprayed combination of hard particles and matrix material provides a coating that is wear, erosion and oxidation resistant. The abrasive coating may have different compositions across its depth. The hard particles may be deposited at different densities across the thickness of the matrix material. A first layer of the abrasive coating proximate the surface of the substrate may be devoid of hard particles.

Abstract: A method for producing an orthopaedic implant having enhanced fatigue strength. A forged implant substrate having an elongated stem is incorporated with a melting point lowering substance. Then, metal particles are sintered to the substrate, forming a porous layer on the substrate which enhances bone in growth or the mechanical interlock with bone cement. Advantageously, the sintering occurs at a lower temperature than if the substance were not incorporated into the substrate, which in turn results in an enhanced fatigue strength of the inventive implant. The fatigue strength of a forged or cast implant can also be improved by nitrogen diffusion hardening and/or thermally processing the implant after the porous coating is adhered by sintering. Further, the fatigue strength can be further improved by combining incorporating the melting point lowering substance with nitrogen diffusion hardening and/or aging treatment subsequent to sintering.

Abstract: Metal coating is performed by dispersing powders of an inorganic compound in a liquid containing an organic solvent and irradiating vibration or applying heat in a state in which a substrate is immersed in the liquid to form a metallic film on the substrate. By this, provided are a novel method which can uniformly coat the metallic film on various types of arbitrary substrates with a thickness on the order of from several nanometers to several thousand nanometers by a simple means without requiring a need for a means having such a multiple of restrictions as in the vacuum system, without caring about generation of a noxious gas or the like, and free from any restriction on a heating temperature or a selection of a material, and a material coated with a metal by this method.

Abstract: A method for forming a pattern on a surface of a panel substrate, includes electrically charging pattern-forming material particles, jetting out the electrically charged pattern-forming material particles through a nozzle by applying electrostatic force to the pattern-forming material particles to form a pattern, and fixing the pattern onto the panel substrate.