Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for making a magnetic recording tape, which is free from wrinkles formed thereon, by the use of a vapor deposition technique. A length of tape reeled on a supply reel is taken up by a take-up reel after having passed through a deposition station where it is movably turned around a cylindrical drum. In one aspect, the difference in tension between two different portions of the tape moving between the drum and the take-up reel and on respective sides of a tensioning roll forming a part of at least one tension control mechanism is adjusted to a value not greater than 10N/mm.sup.2. In another aspect, a charge eraser is employed and installed in the vicinity of the drum for removing an electrostatic charge built up in the tape being moved from the drum onto the take-up reel. In a further aspect, the cylindrical drum is used having its outer peripheral surface roughened to a ten-point average surface roughness of not smaller than 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: Alloyed-zinc-plated steel sheet the alloyed layer of which is minutely cellulated is disclosed. Such an alloyed-zinc-plated steel sheet can be prepared by carrying out the vacuum deposition plating in an inert atmosphere containing 1.0-30 ppm oxygen by volume oxygen and subjecting the plated steel sheet to an alloying heat treatment.

Abstract: A high-speed process for coating substrates with thin organic coatings in a vacuum is disclosed and claimed. The process utilizes relatively low boiling, reactive monomers (e.g., polyacrylates) which are flash vaporized, condensed on the substrates and cured, in situ. The resultant cured films are pin-hole free and exhibit excellent adhesion. The process is capable of being run at very high coating and curing speeds, e.g., between 1 and 1000 cm/second.

Abstract: A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 .mu.m thick and from 150 to 200 .mu.m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately, the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric.

Abstract: In the vapor deposition of tin on to a surface such as a polymeric film (3) to be used for packaging, a dispersion of titanium hydride (17) in a dispersant is applied to the interior surface of an evaporation boat (9) and the dispersant is evaporated before the boat is used to vaporize tin metal under vacuum for the purpose of metallizing the surface.

Abstract: A silicon nitride coating is deposited on the inside surface of a crucible by pyrolysis. Reactive gases are fed through a tube into the crucible. The crucible is rotated during deposition and the crucible walls are maintained at a temperature of at least about 1250.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of making a magneto-optical recording medium comprises the steps of moving a rotating substrate along a first dielectric target, at least one rare earth metal target, and a second dielectric target which are disposed in this order from an upstream side toward the downstream side in an in-line sputtering apparatus, and carrying out simultaneous sputtering on the substrate in the course of the movement of the substrate by use of the first dielectric target and the rare earth metal target. Thereafter, sputtering is carried out on the substrate by use of the rare earth metal target. Then, simultaneous sputtering is carried out on the substrate by use of the rare earth metal target and the second dielectric target.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium, comprising evaporating a magnetic metal material from an evaporation source to form a vapor stream of the magnetic metal material, vapor-depositing the magnetic metal material on a tape-shaped substrate moving along a cooling can such that the incident angle (.theta.) of the vapor stream which is incident upon the substrate changes continuously from a high incident angle (.theta.max) to a low incident angle (.theta.min), and at the same time introducing one or more gases selected from the group consisting of a rare gas, CO.sub.2 gas, N.sub.2 gas, and nitrogen oxide gas, or a mixed gas composed of oxygen gas and one or more gases selected from the group consisting of a rare gas, CO.sub.2 gas, N.sub.2 gas and nitrogen oxide gas from a gas inlet part disposed at a position in the vicinity of the substrate and near the vapor stream at a low incident angle (.theta.min) upon the substrate, thereby providing a ferromagnetic metal film on the substrate.

Abstract: A process for fabricating magnetic tape in which a tape substrate in passed through a stream of evaporating material so as to present a continuously varying angle of incidence to the stream. The maximum and minimum angles of incidence are defined. Oxidizing gas is applied to the tape at the minimum angle of incidence and at an intermediate angle.

Abstract: A process for preparing a magnetic recording medium by forming a ferromagnetic thin film on a non-magnetic support moving along a rotating drum by a vapor deposition method is disclosed, comprising introducing a first oxidizing gas and then introducing a second oxidizing gas near the surface of the ferromagnetic film moving along the rotating drum and glow-discharging the second oxidizing gas, using a charging energy (G) for glow discharge per unit area of a ferromagnetic thin film surface of 1.0 W.multidot.sec/cm.sup.2 or more.

Abstract: A preform wire for fiber reinforced metal consisting of a metal/silicon carbide fiber composite material is light in weight and excellent in strength and elasticity, and can be easily obtained by impregnating a silicon carbide fiber bundle with a molten metal which is kept vibrated by means of an ultrasonic wave vibration apparatus having a cooling means.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is described, comprising a support having provided thereon a thin magnetic metal vapor deposition film, said film being provided by evaporating a magnetic metal material from an evaporation source to generate a vapor flow and directing the vapor flow to contact a moving support at an inclined angle, and having a curved and inclined column structure formed by continuously altering the incident angle of said vapor flow on the moving support from a high degree (.theta..sub.max) to a low degree (.theta..sub.min), and a non-magnetic metal vapor deposition film provided on the magnetic metal film, said non-magnetic metal film being provided by continuously altering the incident angle of vapor flow of the non-magnetic metal material to the moving support on which the magnetic metal film is formed between a high degree (.theta..sub.max') and a low degree (.theta..sub.min').

Abstract: A process for producing a magnetic recording medium comprising heating a magnetic material evaporation source with at least one scanning electron beam and depositing a vapor of a magnetic material emitted from the magnetic material evaporation source onto a non-magnetic substrate tape or web which is continuously moving in a vacuum atmosphere, the magnetic material evaporation source being disposed substantially parallel to the width direction of the non-magnetic substrate tape or web to form a magnetic thin film thereon, wherein the scanning frequency of the electron beams is about 2wv/n Hz or more, in which v m/min is the moving speed of the non-magnetic substrate; w m is the scanning width of the electron beams on said magnetic material evaporation source; and n is the number of the electron beams. The magnetic thin film magnetic recording medium has improved (dB/dH).sub.max and an excellent envelope of reproduced signals.

Abstract: A method for preparing a magnetic recording medium by forming a ferromagnetic vapor deposition film on a non-magnetic support moving along a rotating drum by an oblique incident evaporation method, in which a vapor flow of ferromagnetic metal is vapor-deposited on the support between a maximum incident angle and a minimum incident angle, while introducing a first oxidizing gas near the place where vapor flow of ferromagnetic metal is introduced at the minimum incident angle, and introducing a second oxidizing gas near the surface of the ferromagnetic vapor deposition film on the support which is moving on the rotating drum, wherein the improvement comprises introducing the first and second oxidizing gases so that .DELTA.p.sub.2 /.DELTA.p.sub.1 is not less than 5, wherein .DELTA.p.sub.1 is the increase of pressure due to the introduction of the first oxidizing gas near the place where the vapor flow of ferromagnetic metal is introduced at the minimum incident angle, and .DELTA.p.sub.

Abstract: In the continuous vapor deposition coating of a metal strip, the coating amount can be rapidly changed by keeping the vapor flow at acoustic velocity and changing the cross-sectional area of the vapor path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making an abrasion-resistant magnetic recording product comprising forming a magnetic film on the surface of a substrate in a vacuum container, and thereafter, vapor depositing a lubricant on the surface of the magnetic film in the same vacuum container. Preferably, the surface of the magnetic film can be oxidized with an oxidizing gas by ion bombardment in the same vacuum container, prior to vapor depositing the lubricant.

Abstract: A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 .mu.m thick and from 150 to 200 .mu.m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium is proposed to determine an angle of incidence of vaporized atoms to be not more than 60.degree. at an initial period of formation of a magnetic film by the vapor deposition method on a substrate which is travelling. The magnetic film contains Co and Cr as major constituents and has an axis of easy magnetization normal to the surface thereof.

Abstract: A reuseable collector for use in a process for the bulk production of alloy by deposition from the vapor phase. The collector employs a coating of solder alloy on the deposition surface such that after deposition has been completed the solder alloy may be melted and the deposited alloy removed from the collector without the necessity of destroying the collector.

Abstract: A system of manufacturing a magnetic recording medium in which a magnetic metal or alloy is heated and evaporated by an electron beam gun so that vacuum-evaporated magnetic film is formed on a non-organic or organic macromolecular base. A plasma generating coil is disposed near an evaporating source and an electron beam passes through the hollow portion of the coil in preferably a direction coaxial with the axis of the coil. High frequency power is applied to the coil and vacuum deposition is carried out with a plasma generated thereby. The flow of vapor of magnetic metal or alloy is applied obliquely to the base and an oxidation gas is introduced into a vacuum container for forming the magnetic film.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for heating substrates to form semiconductor regions. A gaseous reactant is introduced into a reaction chamber formed from a material, such as quartz, which is transparent and non-obstructive to radiant heat energy transmitted at a predetermined short wave length. A graphite susceptor, which is opaque to and absorbs the radiant heat energy, is positioned within the reaction chamber and supports the substrates to be processed. The susceptor and substrates are heated directly while the walls of the reaction chamber remain cool. The substrates are heated uniformly, and single crystal semiconductor wafers processed by this technique have little or no crystallographic slip. To further insure uniform heating, the susceptor may be moved relative to the radiant heat source which, in the preferred embodiment, comprises a bank of tungsten filament quartz-iodine high intensity lamps.

Abstract: This invention provides an electrical conductive foam bead comprising a foamed bead core of a thermoplastic synthetic resin at least partially covered on the surface thereof with an electrical conductive layer, and a molded electrical conductive foamed article comprising a plurality of particulate bodies formed by mutually fusing such electrical conductive foam beads, the electrical conductive layers extending over all or a portion of the interface of the mutually fused particulate bodies. The conductive foam beads and molded conductive foamed articles both have improved antistatic effect and are used as packaging and cushioning materials, electromagnetic radiation shields, and the like.

Abstract: In making magnetic recording media by vapor-depositing magnetic metal film containing Co-Cr with 70-90 weight % Co as host material on a high polymer substrate, with or without intermediate layer(s) inbetween, making the high polymer substrate run around a cylindrical can, condition is selected such that linear expansion coefficient of the substrate is 1.0.times.10.sup.-5 -2.9.times.10.sup.-5 /.degree.C. and temperature of the can surface is 150.degree.-300.degree. C.; thereby normal or inverse curling of the resultant recording medium is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: In a method of making a magnetic recording medium by causing a flow of vapor obtained by evaporating a magnetic metal deposition material to impinge and deposit on a moving substrate at an oblique angle with respect to the moving substrate, the substrate is moved so that the incident angle of the vapor flow with respect to the substrate continuously changes from the maximum incident angle to the minimum incident angle, and an oxidizing gas is introduced in the vicinity of the substrate and near the maximum incident angle portion or the minimum incident angle portion of the vapor flow during the formation of a thin ferromagnetic film on the substrate. The maximum incident angle is preferably between 60.degree. and 90.degree., and the minimum incident angle between 30.degree. and 75.degree..

Abstract: A method for preparing a magnetic recording medium is disclosed. The method involves forming a thin magnetic layer on a polyester film by means of a vapor deposition or plating method, continually moving the film while maintaining it at a tension of 400 g/mm.sup.2 or less and contacting the moving film with a heating device at a temperature within the range of 70.degree. to 200.degree. C. for a period of time within the range of 0.1 to 30 seconds. The method provides a non-binder type magnetic recording medium having improved skew characteristics without formation of curls.

Abstract: A method for making hollow glass microspheres with conducting surfaces by adding a conducting vapor to a region of the glass fabrication furnace. As droplets or particles of glass forming material pass through multiple zones of different temperature in a glass fabrication furnace, and are transformed into hollow glass microspheres, the microspheres pass through a region of conducting vapor, forming a conducting coating on the surface of the microspheres.

Abstract: A liquid or powder material can be dispersed by the application of electrostatic fields. The phenomena, referred to as "electrodispersion" is the dispersion by an intense electric field of part of a static bed of liquid or powder into a stable cloud of rapidly moving particles, and the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium between the static and dispersed phases. The density of the dispersed cloud of particles varies with a number of factors, including the field strength and the nature of the powder. The electrodeposition effect is employed to produce a uniform and durable coating of controlled thickness on the individual particles, by the generation of a vapor of the desired coating--typically a metal or semiconductor material--and allowing the vapor to permeate the dispersed particles. The electric field ensures that only the particles are coated, and the dispersed particles, having the same charge, repel each other, avoiding agglomeration.

Abstract: Most processes for the generation of metal oxide or metal sulfide films involved oxidation of existing metal layers or direct vapor deposition of the oxide or sulfide layer. These processes do not provide efficient control of film integrity, optical properties, and bonding. The use of a metal vapor deposition process in which a controlled amount of oxygen or sulfur containing gas or vapor is introduced into the metal vapor stream or portions enables formation of metal oxide or metal sulfide films with excellent control over the film properties.

Abstract: The use of organic materials containing carbonyl groups (which are not part of carboxyl group), phenoxy groups, ester groups, or alcohol groups over vapor deposited metal layers improves their mar resistance. These organic materials can improve the properties of the metal layer when used in photoresist imaging films.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for vacuum evaporating magnetic material onto a base. Cylindrical cans are disposed parallel to one another and rotated either in the same or opposite directions. A tape-shaped base is wound around the cans passing from an upper vacuum chamber to a lower vacuum chamber. A vacuum evaporation source is positioned in the lower chamber and directed to the tape-shaped base in a predetermined area on both sides of a gap between the cans or a line contact area between the cans.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a ferromagnetic layer formed by oblique vapor deposition wherein the residual magnetic flux density in the width direction of the recording medium is larger than the residual magnetic flux density in the longitudinal direction shows the SN ratio in a practical level at recording in the width direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium using vacuum-deposition from an evaporated metal source having a very high efficiency and uniform deposition. The support onto which the magnetic film is to be evaporated is guided and conveyed along a curved path above a molten metal evaporating source at a substantially constant speed. The curved path is shaped such that evaporated metal flow lines connecting a central point on the evaporation surface of the molten metal in the evaporating source to corresponding intersection points on the support form the same angle of incidence with respect to the longitudinal direction of the support for all positions along the support where the film is to be deposited. Endless belt structures including guide rollers and magnets are used to form rising and falling paths for conveying the support along the desired curved path.

Abstract: A method of vacuum depositing a layer on a plastic film in which the film is transported so as to pass along a metal surface moving with the film, which surface removes heat from the film, and vacuum depositing the vapor of an evaporant onto the surface of the plastic film while it is in contact with the metal surface. The film is in an electret state when it is located at the metal surface, whereby an electrostatic attractive force is produced between the film and the metal surface, thereby increasing the efficiency of heat conduction between the film and the metal.

Abstract: A method for producing boundary layer semiconductor ceramic capacitors comprises firing shaped bodies of a semiconductor ceramic material in a neutral or reducing atmosphere, heat-treating the resultant semiconductor ceramic bodies to insulatorize crystal grain boundaries of the semiconductor ceramics, and providing opposite electrodes on surfaces of the heat-treated semiconductor ceramic bodies and is characterized in that said heat-treating is carried out by heating the semiconductor ceramic bodies together with power of an insulatorizing agent with stirring in a neutral or oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature ranging from 950.degree. to 1300.degree. C. As a semiconductor ceramic material, there may be used semiconductor ceramics of a barium titanate system, or of a strontium titanate system, or a complex semiconductor ceramic mainly comprising barium titanate or calcium titanate and strontium titanate.

Abstract: Method for producing laminated capacitors, including a rotatable drum having a periphery and recesses formed therein, carriers disposed on the drum in the recesses defining a setting range on the periphery of the drum, a first vacuum chamber for metal layer deposition, a second vacuum chamber for insulating material layer deposition, means for supplying a vapor jet through a path in the first vacuum chamber and a shielding mask for shielding the carriers from the vapor jet, which includes shielding off the carriers from the vapor jet with the shielding mask before vapor deposition, alternatingly conducting the carriers on the drum through the first and second vacuum chambers, removing the shielding mask from the vapor jet path after a given number of revolutions of the drum for the period during which the setting range on the periphery of drum rotates through the first zone, and reintroducing the shielding mask in the vapor jet path after the last metal layer has been deposited during the rotation through the

Abstract: A self-aligning technique is used to produce small area junctions such as small area Josephson junctions. A base layer having a thickness corresponding to one dimension of the junction is first deposited. An insulating material is then deposited from a source positioned so that the base layer itself masks its edge from the insulator being formed. This procedure coats the base layer with an insulator, but leaves an edge of this layer free of insulation. A junction is then completed on this uncoated edge.

Abstract: Multi-layer coating apparatus and system for coating a substrate having a coating chamber and means for advancing the substrate in a horizontal position through the coating chamber. The coating chamber is provided with means for depositing the coating on the bottom side of the substrate as it is advanced through the chamber. Means is provided for preventing one substrate from bumping into another and for providing a predetermined spacing from the substrates as they are advanced through the coating chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process control system and method of controlling a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process where a coating is deposited on a substrate heated by passing a current through the substrate to create a heating zone. The control system relies on detecting a signal induced on the coated substrate outside of the heating zone and using the induced signal to control one or more process parameters.

Abstract: A continuous wire coating method is described which features a reaction chamber wherein a volatilized refractory metal compound is thermally decomposed to deposit said refractory metal as a coating on a refractory metal wire during passage through said reaction chamber. A substantially uniform thickness coating of the refractory metal is deposited in passing the refractory metal wire through said reaction chamber in a substantially vertical direction. The nature of said coating substantially precludes any subsequent thermal migration of the refractory metal in the wire core.

Abstract: Powder is coated with valve-metal by rotating it in a drum 15 so that it is presented to valve-metal vapor derived by evaporation of a source of valve-metal. In the case of coating with aluminum, the vapor may be produced by directing aluminum wire 10 on to a heater 11, and oxygen or air is admitted to control agglomerate formation. Aluminum and tantalum coating are both described using electron beam evaporators.

Abstract: A method for forming a coating of a desired pattern on the surface of a substrate which comprises covering the substrate surface with a sheet-like mask having openings corresponding to the desired pattern and directing a film-forming substance from a source toward the substrate surface through the mask, wherein relative to a press member having at least one slit with a width w.sub.2 sufficiently smaller than the width w.sub.1 of the substrate, the substrate and the mask in the superimposed state are moved in at least the widthwise direction of the slit, said press member being urged against the mask to secure close adherence between the mask and the substrate, and the film-forming substance is directed toward the substrate through the slit of the press member during this relative movement.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is prepared by a tilt vapor deposition of magnetic particles from a vapor thereof on a substrate running along a peripheral surface of a cylindrical can in vacuum wherein plural cans are used to deposit said magnetic particles at substantially the same tilt angle on each of said cans.

Abstract: A problem addressed by this invention was how to obtain very long lengths of refractory metal-coated multifilamentary yarns having a uniform coating on the filaments which make up each yarn, the coating being uniform throughout the length of the yarn such that the coated yarns are suitable for being woven and are suitable for a variety of other uses. The solution is a continuous process which employs a chemical vapor deposition reaction at relatively low temperature and pressure and a separation of the gaseous reaction products from the coated yarn prior to allowing the coated yarn to cool.

Abstract: A method for producing layers of niobium-germanium on a continuous substrate. The layers are produced in a reaction chamber by the reduction of Nb and Ge which are halogenized by H.sub.2 on the substrate which is heated. Uniform high current density of the Nb.sub.3 Ge layers throughout the length of the substrate is insured by the addition of a small amount of water vapor which is admixed, in accordance with the invention, to a reaction gas mixture containing H.sub.2 gas and Nb and Ge halogenides. The content of water vapor in the reaction gas is maintained between 0.05 and 0.001 volume percent.

Abstract: A method for the fabrication of large surface area thin films of vaporizable solids upon substrate materials is provided. The method is particularly applicable to the fabrication of thin films having semiconducting properties useful as solar cells, in the production of microelectronic devices, and other similar purposes. A solid material is vaporized in a temperature-zoned furnace in association with a flowing carrier gas. The vaporized solid is allowed to condense to form an aerosol of disperse sized particles; the smaller of these particles are again vaporized leaving a lesser number of seed aerosol nuclei which are then grown to a larger size and diverted through an orifice to impact upon a substrate moving beneath the orifice thereby forming a particulate film on the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus to deposit material on a substrate, such as in the making of thin film solar cells, consists of two chambers. A manifold chamber having a plurality of spaced nozzles assures efficient and uniform deposition on a substrate. The rate of depositions is controlled by an orifice in a passageway connecting the manifold chamber to an evaporation chamber.

Abstract: A continuous process for preparing finely divided thin, bright metal particles which comprises applying a release coating to at least one side of a carrier sheet, depositing a metal film of from 350 to 450 angstroms thickness onto the release coating solubilizing the release coating, removing the metal film from the carrier sheet, and breaking the thin metal film into particles having a diameter of between 25 to 50 microns.

Abstract: Production of strong lightweight membrane structure by applying a thin reflective coating such as aluminum to a rotating cylinder, applying a mesh material such as nylon over the aluminum coating, coating the mesh overlying the aluminum with a polymerizing material such as a para-xylylene monomer gas to polymerize as a film bound to the mesh and the aluminum, and applying an emissivity increasing material such as chromium and silicon monoxide to the polymer film to disperse such material colloidally into the growing polymer film, or applying such material to the final polymer film, and removing the resulting membrane structure from the cylinder.

Abstract: Deposition of continuous pin-hole free tellurium films with thicknesses to less than 150A on a suitable substrate is achieved by first pretreating the substrate prior to film deposition. Ion sputtering or bombardment of the substrate surface with an inert gas prior to tellurium evaporation creates a dense coverage of nucleation sites on the substrate which improves the adhesiveness and resistance to abrasion and oxidation of the deposited film while providing very thin pinhole free films of uniform thickness and desired crystallite orientation.

Abstract: A method of producing material patterns in which at least one substrate is fixed together with a mask to a substrate holder, and an evaporated film of desired substances is formed on the surface of the substrate by means of evaporation sources provided to confront the substrate. The mask is fabricated to have a plurality of reinforcing bridges formed in the desired portions of the mask openings of desired shape formed in the mask. The mask is held spaced from the substrate by a small distance during the evaporation, so that the evaporation may be effected at least through two pattern openings defined at both sides of each bridge.