Abstract: A solder paste printing stencil apparatus for printing a solder paste on a printed circuit board includes a plate-shaped stencil mask made of fine stainless steel grains to suppress a phenomenon in which the solder paste adheres to the stencil mask.

Abstract: A method for forming protective corrosive resistant coatings on equipment is disclosed. The coating is formed from a NiCrMo alloy composition containing at least two gettering components selected from Al, Si, and Ti in an amount of up to 25 wt. %. The coating in one embodiment is applied using a thermal spray technique, e.g., twin wire arc spray, forming coatings of 5-50 mils thickness having a fine-scale micro-pore structure which is effectively non-permeable in aggressive solutions, and resist selective oxidation in thermal spraying of components for maximized corrosion performance The coating is further characterized as having excellent adhesion strength even when applied with varying parameters as in manual on-site coating applications.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component includes a wall with an inner face and an outer skin. A plurality of cooling air holes extend from the inner face to the outer skin. The cooling holes include an inlet merging into a metering section, and a diffusion section downstream of the metering section, and extend to an outlet at the outer skin. The diffusion section includes a plurality of lobes. A coating layer is formed on the outer skin, with at least a portion of the plurality of lobes formed within the thermal barrier coating. A method of forming such a component is also disclosed.

Abstract: A single-step, spray-applied, multi-layer liner seals the components and imparts structural integrity for lining a system component. The multi-layer liner includes an inner or first moisture barrier or skin layer, a foam layer and a second moisture barrier or skin layer. Where desired, a separate primer layer can be applied to wet surfaces and in order to form an enhanced bonding layer between the system component, typically a concrete or cement surface, and the first moisture barrier or skin layer. The first and second moisture barrier layers naturally form a skin on both sides of the internal foam layer. The combination of the foam layer and the two moisture barrier layers imparts structural strength and rigidity to the cured liner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-electrolytic method for metallizing a substrate by projecting an aerosol containing a solution of an oxidant metallic cation and of a reducing agent; said method comprising a step of -a- wetting the substrate; starting to project a metallisation according to a succession of projecting phases alternating with relaxing phases: (i) by adjusting the duration Dp of the projection phases and the duration Dr of the relaxing phases from a metallisation constant k intrinsic for each metal; and (ii) by adjusting the projection flow-rate. The metallisation projection is carried out dynamically by displacing projection means relative to the substrate in order to carry out a periodical scanning, wherein Dp correspond to the duration during which the surface unit in question is submitted to the continuous projection of the aerosol and Dr corresponds to the duration during which the part is not submitted to projection.

Abstract: A tubular support for winding a material in sheet form includes a corrugated tubular element, wherein the corrugated tubular element is positioned inside at least one outer coating element in sheet form. The internal corrugated tubular element has outer longitudinal portions and inner longitudinal portions connected by annular radial walls which form an inner corrugated wall. The internal corrugated tubular element and the outer coating element in sheet form are connected at the outer longitudinal portions. In a different embodiment, a corrugated tubular element is positioned between two coating elements in sheet form, in outer and internal positions respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a culinary article including a metal substrate having a concave inner face intended to be placed on a side in which food can be introduced into the article and a convex outer face intended to be placed facing a heat source. The inner face being coated in succession, starting from the substrate, with a hard enamel base, which is rough and contains no lead or cadmium, and then with a non-stick coating covering the hard layer. The present disclosure also relates to a method of manufacturing such an article.

Abstract: A method of forming an airfoil includes the steps of depositing material to form an airfoil in a first layer, and then depositing material in a second layer on the first layer. The first and second layers have distinct densities. An airfoil is also disclosed. The method provides powerful design advantages.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method for treating the inner surfaces of a processing chamber and depositing a material on a during a vapor deposition process, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In one embodiment, the inner surfaces of the processing chamber and the substrate may be exposed to a reagent, such as a hydrogenated ligand compound during a pretreatment process. The hydrogenated ligand compound may be the same ligand as a free ligand formed from the metal-organic precursor used during the subsequent deposition process. The free ligand is usually formed by hydrogenation or thermolysis during the deposition process. In one example, the processing chamber and substrate are exposed to an alkylamine compound (e.g., dimethylamine) during the pretreatment process prior to conducting the vapor deposition process which utilizes a metal-organic chemical precursor having alkylamino ligands, such as pentakis(dimethylamino) tantalum (PDMAT).

Abstract: Provided are an anti-static and anti-microbial surface treatment agent including a quaternary ammonium salt compound as an active ingredient and a method of preventing a polymer fiber from developing static electricity by using the surface treatment agent. The quaternary ammonium salt compound has excellent anti-static and anti-microbial effects for the prevention or improvement of static electricity in a polymer fiber. Accordingly, the quaternary ammonium salt compound is suitable for use as a fabric softener, or an anti-static agent, and also, provides anti-microbial effects to a polymer fiber.

Abstract: In a method for producing a three-dimensionally shaped object, a powder layer is formed by feeding a powdery material to a substrate and a solidified layer is formed by irradiating a light beam on a specified portion of the powder layer to sinter or melt the specified portion of the powder layer. A three-dimensionally shaped object having a plurality of solidified layers laminated one above another is obtained by repeating the powder layer formation and the solidified layer formation. In the method, a stress is preliminarily applied to the substrate to reduce the amount of deformation of the substrate after production of the shaped object prior to the powder layer forming step.

Abstract: A process for producing surface conditioned aluminum castings, comprising a step of applying to aluminum castings an alkaline surface conditioning liquid containing at least one organic builder and/or one chelating agent, wherein the alkaline surface conditioning liquid used in the step has a surface conditioning activity (CD; mol/l) in the range of 0.05?CD?2.3 and a coefficient of gloss (CE; g/mol) in the range of 2.8?CE?90.

Abstract: Molecular adsorption to the microfluidic device surfaces can be passively and actively mitigated by mixing certain hydrophilic polymers (organic polymers with repeating hydrophilic groups—the preferred polymers being amphipathic surfactants—with the sample liquid during or prior to relevant microfluidic operations. Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether are especially effective. High molecular weight polyethylene polymers are also effective. The hydrophilic polymers appear to prevent binding of the fouling molecules to the microfluidic by occupying the surface sites in place of the fouling molecules or by interacting with the fouling molecules to prevent binding of the fouling molecules the surface. When surface adsorption is thus mitigated, microfluidic devices can readily handle samples containing biomolecules to enable active sample concentration, filtering, washing, transport, mixing and other sample handling operations.

Abstract: In an autoanalyzer for analyzing a specimen such as urine and blood, protecting a measurement value of analysis from influence of a dispensing nozzle repeatedly used. For this purpose, a phosphonic acid derivative or a phosphoric acid derivative is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the dispensing nozzle. In this manner, a molecular layer for suppressing adsorption of biopolymers or adhesion of a specimen per se is formed on the nozzle surface to prevent accuracy of analysis from being influenced.

Abstract: An array of microbumps with a layer or coating of non-superhydrophobic material yields a superhydrophobic surface, and may also have a contact angle hysteresis of 15 degrees or less. A surface with such an array may therefore be rendered superhydrophobic even though the surface structure and materials are not, by themselves, superhydrophobic.

Abstract: A method of forming a simulated combustible fuel element including covering at least a part of a surface of a master with a material selected to produce a mold, and then removing the master from the mold. A predetermined amount of a liquefied body material that is less than a volume of the mold is introduced into the mold. A body including the body material is produced with one or more cavities therein and an exterior surface simulating at least the part of the surface of the master. The body material is allowed to solidify, at least to the extent that the body material is self-supporting, and the mold and the body are separated. One or more fuel light sources are positioned to direct light therefrom in the cavity. At least a portion of the exterior surface is coated so that the portion simulates a combustible fuel element.

Abstract: A basic core component is provided for forming, together with at least one another basic core component, a core structure of a rotor blade of a wind turbine. The basic core component includes a precasted base element being made from a foam material, and a resin receiving layer, which is adhered to at least one surface of the precasted base element. When, during a casting procedure, the resin receiving layer adjoins the surface of another basic core component, the resin receiving layer is adapted to receive resin such that, after hardening the received resin, the basic core element and the another basic core element are mechanically connected with each other.

Abstract: A method of imparting hydrophilicity to a surface of a material, which comprises providing a base material comprising a surface; applying and chemically fixing a siloxane oligomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 to the surface of the base material to form a siloxane-modified surface; and applying a phosphonic acid compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 to the siloxane-modified surface and carrying out a reaction therebetween to form an organosiloxane coating: wherein in Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different, and are each independently hydrogen or a C1 to C3 alkyl group, A is a single bond or a C1 to C5 alkylene group, and n ranges from 2 to 30; GN[CH2PO3H2]2??Chemical Formula 2 wherein in Chemical Formula 2, G is —CH2PO3H2, a group represented by Chemical Formula 3, or a group represented by Chemical Formula 4 as defined herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a substrate and a method for manfuacturing the same, and a probe card employing the substrate as a space transformer, the substrate including: a substrate body; a key forming groove formed in one surface of the substrate body; and an alignment key formed on the key forming groove. According to the present invention, the recognition rate of the alignment key formed on the substrate can be increased, resulting in improved accuracy in a micro electro mecanical system (MEMS) process for forming micro probes on the substrate, thereby improving productivity and reliability of the substrate and the probe card incluing the same.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a component is provided. The method includes forming one or more grooves in a surface of a substrate, where the substrate has at least one hollow interior space. Each of the one or more grooves extends at least partially along the substrate surface and has a base and a top. The base is wider than the top, such that each of the one or more grooves comprises a re-entrant shaped groove. The method further includes forming one or more access holes through the base of a respective groove, to connect the groove in fluid communication with respective ones of the hollow interior space(s), and disposing a coating over at least a portion of the substrate surface. The one or more grooves and coating define one or more re-entrant shaped channels for cooling the component. A component with one or more re-entrant shaped channels and a method of coating a component are also provided.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to coated articles including anti-fingerprint and/or smudge-reducing coatings, and/or methods of making the same. Oil from fingerprints and the like may easily transfer to the surface of an article. However, it has been found that in certain example embodiments, a reduced-smudge and reduced-glare effect on a glass substrate may be achieved by micro-engineering a glass surface's properties, such as surface morphology and/or roughness. In certain example embodiments, a thin film coating may be introduced to the glass surface in order to alter the contact angle of the article, or for other optical, electrical, mechanical, chemical and/or environmental purposes and/or durability. It has further advantageously been found that by altering the contact angle of the surface, the anti-smudge and anti-glare effects of the substrate may be further improved.

Abstract: A sliding element, in particular piston ring, has on at least one running surface, from the inside outwards, a coating having a metal-containing adhesive layer and a ta-C type DLC layer with a thickness of at least 10 ?m. In a process for the production of a sliding element, in particular a piston ring, coating with a metal-containing adhesive layer and a ta-C type DLC layer in a thickness of at least 10 ?m is carried out.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous material having micropores capable of storing and releasing heat by phase change, which comprises a phase change material inserted into the micropores of a porous material medium such as activated carbon or silica gel so as to be capable of storing and releasing energy, and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of: pre-treating a porous material medium to remove impurities from the micropores of the porous material medium, thereby opening the micropores; pre-treating a phase change material to make it possible to insert the phase change material into the micropores of the porous material medium; inserting the pretreated phase change material into the pretreated porous material medium; filtering the porous material medium filled with the phase change material to remove the phase change material remaining after the insertion step; and washing the filtered material.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor materials and specifically relates to a method for cleaning and passivizing gallium arsenide (GaAs) surface autologous oxide and depositing an Al2O3 dielectric. This method includes: use a new-type of sulfur passivant to react with the autologous oxide on the GaAs surface to clean it and generate a passive sulfide film to separate the GaAs from the outside environment, thus preventing the GaAs from oxidizing again; further cleaning the residuals such as autologous oxides and sulfides on the GaAs surface through the pretreatment reaction of the reaction source trimethyl aluminum (TMA) of the Al2O3 ALD with the GaAs surface, and then deposit high-quality Al2O3 dielectric through ALD as the gate dielectric which fully separates the GaAs from the outside environment. The present invention features a simple process and good effects, and can provide preconditions for manufacturing the GaAs devices.

Abstract: A composition for use in construction comprising pigment, dry cement and at least 30% powder polymer is provided. The composition has enhanced color retention and abrasion resistance and when applied to a surface the composition produces a smooth or textured, water-shedding properties that are aesthetically-pleasing. The coated surface as well as the method of preparing and applying the composition is also provided.

Abstract: A method forms an adhesion joint between a cord and a rubber matrix. The method includes the steps of providing a cord having an initial relatively smooth surface, texturing the smooth surface such that the resulting surface is rougher than the initial surface of the cord, and inserting the cord into a rubber matrix such that the resulting surface provides enhanced adhesion to the rubber matrix compared to the adhesion of the initial surface to the rubber matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing organic, semi-organic, mineral, inorganic and hybrid thin layers and thin layers containing nanoparticles, by simultaneous or alternate spraying of solutions of reactive partners (that is polymer/polymer interacting by hydrogen bonding, polyelectrolyte/small oligo-ion, inorganic compounds, etc.) on the surface of a solid substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to articles, devices, and methods for controlling the impingement behavior of molten metal/ceramic droplets on surfaces in industrial processes. The texture of a substrate surface is engineered such that impinging molten metal droplets actually bounce off the surface. Likewise, the texture of a substrate surface can be engineered such that impinging molten metal droplets stick to the surface.

Abstract: A method of treatment for inhibiting sulfur-based corrosion or scaling or for removing scaling from a surface including inhibiting corrosion caused by sulfur-containing materials, reducing corrosion caused by sulfur-containing materials, inhibiting scaling caused by sulfur-containing and sulfur-containing materials in gas, liquid or solid phase or any combination of multiple phases of materials, reducing scaling caused by sulfur-containing and sulfur-containing materials, and removing scaling caused by sulfur-containing and sulfur-containing materials. The method involves contacting sulfur-containing materials with a composition containing a turpentine liquid. The method also involves contacting corrodible surfaces or surfaces prone to scaling with a composition containing a turpentine liquid.

Abstract: Forming a hydrophobic layer on a surface can involve a mixture of a micropowder and a binder. The micropowder includes micrometer scale particles having diameters in a range of about 100 nm to about 50 ?m. The mixture is applied to the surface and is cured. A majority or at least some of the micrometer scale particles have nanometer scale features having a feature size greater than about 25 nm and less than about 100 nm.

Abstract: A method for interlaminating a transparent embossed hologram, the transparent embossed hologram comprising a support having two sides, at least one of the two sides either itself being embossed or having a layer thereon which is embossed and a layer of a HRI-material contiguous with the embossed side or embossed layer, comprising the steps of: a) conditioning the outermost surface of the layer of inorganic HRI-material with at least one organic liquid; b) drying the outermost surface of the layer of the inorganic HRI-material thereby providing a conditioned outermost surface of the layer of inorganic HRI-material; c) applying an adhesive layer to the conditioned outermost surface; and d) laminating the outermost surface of inorganic HRI-material to an optionally transparent film, wherein the at least one organic liquid is selected from the group consisting of ketones, ethers, heterocyclic ethers, lactams, amides, halo-aliphatic compounds, nitriles and esters; wherein at least one of the support and the film i

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a floor panel with insulating properties comprises the steps of supplying a panel having an upper side and a back side, applying a curable substance to the back side of the panel and curing the substance for forming a layer with insulating properties.

Abstract: A method for adhering a coating to a substrate structure comprises selecting a substrate structure having an outer surface oriented substantially parallel to a direction of radial stress, modifying the outer surface to provide a textured region having steps to adhere a coating thereto, and applying a coating to extend over at least a portion of the textured region, wherein the steps are oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of radial stress to resist deformation of the coating relative to the substrate structure. A rotating component comprises a substrate structure having an outer surface oriented substantially parallel to a direction of radial stress. The outer surface defines a textured region having steps to adhere a coating thereto, and a coating extends over at least a portion of the textured region. The steps are oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of radial stress to resist creep.

Abstract: The noble metal coating of the present invention is formed on a ceramic substrate. The noble metal coating has a thickness of less than 2 ?m and comprises a matrix metal and a ceramic fine particle. The matrix metal includes at least one metal selected from a group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir and Au as a main component. The content of the ceramic fine particle is preferably 3 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the matrix metal. The ratio between the average particle size of the ceramic fine particle and the thickness of the noble metal coating is preferably 1/1.5 to 1/400.

Abstract: A formulation is provided which comprises at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation; at least one fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the mass of the formulation; and at least one alcohol in an amount of about 90 to about 99% of the mass of the formulation. Said formulation is surfactant free and being capable of rendering anti-microbial finish to fabrics. And also, a process for preparing a fabric with anti-microbial finish is provided.

Abstract: A method for treating flooring not designed for sanding and having a multi-layer wax finish reduces the frequency of stripping the wax layers down to the flooring and recoating the flooring in carrying out periodic maintenance on the flooring. A mobile floor treating machine includes at least one rotating brush which is driven at a first circular speed x for cleaning the flooring and is driven at a second circular speed y for removing the two uppermost layers of wax, where y?2x. The top remaining wax layer is then cleaned with the brush operating at the original circular speed x. Two layers of wax are then sequentially applied to the top remaining wax layer in replacing the two removed layers of wax on the floor and restoring the flooring to its original finish. The brush may be operated at 800-1500 RPM for burnishing and polishing.

Abstract: The method for applying a vehicle sealant that is mixed directly on the vehicle surface by the consumer. Traditionally consumers could directly apply the sealant out of one container onto the vehicle surface; however, when some reactive chemicals are bottled into one container they become solidified before it can even be used. With this method, chemicals are separated into different containers they will remain liquid, the consumer will mix the separated solutions on the surface of the vehicle to create the vehicle sealant.

Abstract: A production method for producing a wrapper for cigarettes is provided wherein, with a web kept traveling, a combustion inhibitor in liquid form is intermittently applied to one surface of the web to form undried banded layers arranged with a predetermined space therebetween in the traveling direction of the web, water is applied to the surface of the web over its entire area before or after the combustion inhibitor is applied, and then the web is rapidly dried.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for coating metallic surfaces, comprising a binder component; a corrosion inhibitor polymer based on an ethylenically monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acid and, if appropriate, further ethylenical monomers, a solvent component, and, if appropriate, crosslinkable components, and also pigment/filler components. The invention further relates to processes for its preparation and also to methods of coating a metallic surface using the composition, to coated metallic surfaces thus obtained, and to the use of the composition as a primer, particularly in coil coating or in atmospheric corrosion control. After drying, the applied layer preferably has a thickness of at least 3.1 ?m and is therefore thicker than a typical pretreatment layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface-oxide abrasion-resistant lubricant coating that can maintain high lubricity for a long time without wear of a base material and a coating or damage to an object to be contacted by a simpler method and with less expensive material. A mixed fluid of a compressed gas and fine-particle powders of two soft metals having lower hardness and lower melting point than the base material of a sliding contact portion is ejected onto a surface of the sliding contact portion. The fine-particle powders of the soft metals are made to react with oxygen in the compressed gas at the surface of the sliding contact portion to form a metal-oxide film with high melting point composed of metal oxides of the two soft metals, one of the metal oxides having higher hardness than the other. This metal-oxide film with high melting point includes a coating having a thickness of 0.

Abstract: A method of treating a finished surface with a stain without penetrating the finished surface whereby the finished surface remains visible. A clear coat finish can be applied over the stained finished surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a coating apparatus includes, a stage which supports an object of coating, and a coating head integrally includes a material discharge unit, which is movable relative to the stage and configured to discharge a coating material to the object of coating on the stage, and a gas injection unit, which, along with the material discharge unit, is movable relative to the stage and configured to inject a gas to the object of coating on the stage.

Abstract: A method of making a laminated touch fastener includes introducing a flexible substrate to a resin applicator, applying flowable resin to a limited region of a surface of the substrate, and molding the applied resin to form a plurality of defined structures extending from a layer of the applied resin. The substrate surface, as the substrate is introduced to the resin applicator, has a surface characteristic that varies across the surface. The surface includes both a first region and a second region adjacent the first region, the surface characteristic varying to a greater degree within the second region than within the first region. The flowable resin may be applied within the first region such that an edge of the resin layer is disposed within, and adjacent an exposed portion of, the first region of the substrate surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for manufacturing a substrate, including: a first chamber supplying an insulation layer; a second chamber including a roughening roller roughening at least one side of the insulation layer supplied from the first chamber, an evaporator depositing a metal layer on the roughened insulation layer, and a pressing roller pressing the insulation layer and the metal layer; and a third chamber storing the insulation layer including the metal layer formed thereon, the insulation layer being taken out from the second chamber. The apparatus for manufacturing a substrate is advantageous in that substrates are continuously produced, thus increasing the productivity of the substrates and preventing the substrates from being contaminated by the air.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin-metal bonded article which is improved in adhesion between a copper component and a PPS or PBT resin. Also disclosed is a method for producing such a resin-metal bonded article. The resin-metal bonded article is obtained by bonding the resin component onto the surface of the copper component through a copper component bonding surface where there is copper oxide in the following range: 10%?Cu2O/(Cu2O+CuO)?75%. Preferably, this resin-metal bonded article further contains a triazine thiol derivative in the resin-component-side bonding surface of the copper component.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a component is provided. The component includes a substrate that has at least one interior space. The method includes forming one or more grooves in the component. Each groove extends at least partially along an outer surface of the substrate and narrows at an opening thereof, such that each groove is re-entrant shaped. A cross-sectional area A of each groove is in a range of about 2 to about 3 times an area R=W*D, where W is the width of the opening and D is the depth of the re-entrant-shaped groove. Components with grooves formed in the substrate and components with grooves formed at least partially in a structural coating are also provided.

Abstract: Components of semiconductor processing apparatus are formed at least partially of erosion, corrosion and/or corrosion-erosion resistant ceramic materials. Exemplary ceramic materials can include at least one oxide, nitride, boride, carbide and/or fluoride of hafnium, strontium, lanthanum oxide and/or dysprosium. The ceramic materials can be applied as coatings over substrates to form composite components, or formed into monolithic bodies. The coatings can protect substrates from physical and/or chemical attack. The ceramic materials can be used to form plasma exposed components of semiconductor processing apparatus to provide extended service lives.

Abstract: A method for applying a coating to a cable, the cable having a longitudinal direction, includes A) cleaning the surface of the cable, and B) applying coating to the cable by rotating a coating application means around the cable allowing the application of the coating. The steps are performed from a platform being moved along the cable in a movement direction by at least three wheels that are fastened in a force-locking manner to the cable. Step A) is performed in the movement direction before the wheels, and step B) is performed in the movement direction behind the wheels. The wheels are driven by a motor that can be controlled in such a manner that the platform can be positioned at predefined positions reproducibly.

Abstract: An anti-biofouling casing for a seismic streamer is described, the anti-biofouling casing including a polymer system having a hydrophobically-modified base polymer, the hydrophobically-modified base polymer including a base polymer having a backbone and a hydrophobically derivatized chain extender coupled to the backbone of the base polymer. The polymer system including between about 0.1% and 10% of the hydrophobically derivatized chain extender by weight. The anti-fouling casing including a hydrophobic surface that serves to prevent biofouling of the surface.

Abstract: Provided is an aluminum or aluminum alloy material having a surface treatment coating film on a surface of a substrate formed by an aluminum or aluminum alloy. The aluminum or aluminum alloy material has: a substrate formed by an aluminum or aluminum alloy; and a first protective layer and a second protective layer in the order on a surface of the substrate, wherein the first protective layer is a conversion coating film including vanadium and at least one or more types of metals selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium, the second protective layer is an organic coating film having a composition that includes (1) a chitosan derivative and a solubilizing agent, (2) a modified polyvinyl alcohol formed by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer to a side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, and (3) a water-soluble crosslinking agent.