Abstract: A method of modifying glass frit involves treating the frit with a grain-boundary-healing compound. The method increases transmission and clarity, and reduces haze of a fired enamel coating made from such modified glass frit as compared to a coating not made from such modified glass frit. The grain-boundary-healing compound influences the chemistry at the grain boundaries to prevent haze. The compound burns out to yield a fluxing material that dissolves alkaline carbonates or bicarbonates on the surface of the glass frit. The dissolved species are incorporated into the enamel coating, thereby promoting the fusion of the glass frit and reducing the amount of haze in the enamel coating. The additives also function to prevent the formation of seed crystals on the surface of the glass frit that may inhibit the fusion of the glass frit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to coating compositions for forming diffusion coatings on metal-based substrates. The coating compositions may include a metal powder, an inorganic salt, an activator, and a binder. The present invention is also directed to processes for forming diffusion coatings on metal-based substrates using the disclosed coating compositions.

Abstract: A method to increase the damping of a substrate using a face-centered cubic ferromagnetic damping coating.

Abstract: Slurry compositions for making an environmental barrier coating including from about 9 wt % to about 81 wt % water; from about 3 wt % to about 72 wt % primary material; and from about 0.1 wt % to about 18 wt % slurry sintering aid, and environmental barrier coatings including such compositions.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an oxide superconductor includes an oriented superconductor layer and an oxide layer. The oriented superconductor layer contains fluorine at 2.0×1016-5.0×1019 atoms/cc and carbon at 1.0×1018-5.0×1020 atoms/cc. The superconductor layer contains in 90% or more a portion oriented along c-axis with an in-plane orientation degree (??) of 10 degrees or less, and contains a LnBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor material (Ln being yttrium or a lanthanoid except cerium, praseodymium, promethium, and lutetium). The oxide layer is provided in contact with a lower surface of the superconductor layer and oriented with an in-plane orientation degree (??) of 10 degrees or less with respect to one crystal axis of the superconductor layer. Area of a portion of the lower surface of the superconductor layer in contact with the oxide layer is 0.3 or less of area of a region directly below the superconductor layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wear part or tool comprising a body containing an iron-group metal or alloy, a wear-resistant layer metallurgically bonded to a surface of the body through an intermediate layer, characterized in that the wear-resistant layer comprises at least 13 vol. % of grains of metal carbide selected from the group consisting of WC, TiC, VC, ZrC, NbC, Mo2C, HfC and TaC and grains of (Cr,Me)xCy and a metal based phase comprising of a solid solution of 0.5 to 20% Cr, 0.2 to 15% Si, and 0.2 to 20% carbon, where Me is Fe, Co and/or Ni; and the intermediate layer has a thickness of 0.05 to 1 mm and comprises Si in amount of 0.1 to 0.7 of that in the wear-resistant layer, chromium in amount of 0.1 to 0.6 of that in the wear-resistant layer and the metal of the metal carbide in amount of 0.2 to 0.6 of that in the wear-resistant layer and to a method of producing such a wear part.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for fabricating high efficiency CIGS solar cells including the deposition of a multi-component metal precursor film on a substrate. The substrate is then inserted into a system suitable for exposing the precursor to a chalcogen to form a chalcogenide TFPV absorber. One or more Na precursors are used to deposit a Na-containing layer on the precursor film in the system. This method eliminates the use of dedicated equipment and processes for introducing Na to the TFPV absorber.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a direct metal deposition (DMD) structure having substantially fully forged structural qualities is provided. In various embodiments, the method includes depositing a layer of metallic material onto an existing metallic structure having a microstructure that provides the existing metallic structure with substantially fully forged structural qualities. The DMD layer has a microstructure that provides the DMD layer with non-forged structural qualities.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode for electrolytic applications, optionally an oxygen-evolving anode, obtained on a titanium substrate and having a highly compact dual barrier layer comprising titanium and tantalum oxides and a catalytic layer. A method for forming the dual barrier layer comprises the thermal decomposition of a precursor solution applied to the substrate optionally followed by a quenching step and a lengthy thermal treatment at elevated temperature.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a casing with a ceramic surface comprises the steps of: forming a ceramic oxidation layer on a surface of a metal shell; forming a ceramic material on the ceramic oxidation layer; and sintering the ceramic material. Accordingly, the metal casing can be formed with a ceramic surface, which can solve the problem of high shrinkage rate.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy ingot or other alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may generally comprise depositing a glass material onto at least a portion of a surface of a workpiece, and heating the glass material to form a surface coating on the workpiece that reduces heat loss from the workpiece. The present disclosure also is directed to an alloy workpieces processed according to methods described herein, and to articles of manufacture including or made from alloy workpieces made according to the methods.

Abstract: A process for primer coating a steel substrate with a primer coating comprising a silica binder, wherein the binder comprises an aqueous silica sol having a SiO2/M2O mole ratio, wherein M represents the total of alkali metal and ammonium ions, of at least 6:1, and wherein after the primer coating has dried to the extent that it is touch dry, the coated substrate is immersed in water or alternatively kept in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of at least 50%.

Abstract: Methods for producing multilayered, oxidation-resistant structures on substrates are provided. The methods comprise depositing silicon dioxide on a substrate comprising molybdenum and boron and annealing the silicon dioxide at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form a coating comprising a borosilicate scale on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrical insulation film includes (i) forming an R film containing at least one rare earth element R selected from the group including Sc, Y, La, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu on at least a portion of a surface of a metal substrate where an electrical insulation property is needed, (ii) hydrogenating the R film under an inert gas atmosphere, which contains a hydrogen gas, to form an RH2 film; and (iii) oxidizing the RH2 film to form an R2O3 film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a front substrate of a plasma display panel and fabricating method thereof, by which color temperature, color purity, and contrast of PDP are enhanced. The present invention includes an upper dielectric layer containing a colorant therein. And, the present invention includes the step of forming an upper dielectric layer having a colorant added thereto.

Abstract: Protective coating systems for gas turbine engine applications and methods for fabricating such protective coating systems are provided. An exemplary method of fabricating a protective coating system on a substrate comprises forming a bond coating on the substrate, forming a silicate layer on the bond coating, forming a thermal barrier coating overlying the silicate layer, and heating the thermal barrier coating.

Abstract: A crystalline glass with a characteristic of precipitating crystals from the surface of the crystalline glass to the interior thereof when it is being heated at a temperature higher than the softening point is used in the invention. A plurality of small crystalline glass masses 12 are accumulated and leveled in a fireproof mold coated with a mold release agent, and two crystalline glass plates 14A and 14B cut in an S shape are placed on the accumulated surface of the small crystalline glass masses 12 with the cut faces tightly bonded. A heat treatment is then performed to obtain a crystallized glass article having patterns. The crystalline glass plate can be cut into any shape to tightly bond the cut faces, and therefore the obtained crystallized glass articles have different patterns like natural-marble-like patterns, human figure patterns, animal patterns, etc. The invention also discloses a method of producing crystallized articles having patterns.

Abstract: A process for making an endoprosthesis comprising: (a) applying a powder that includes a metal hydride to a surface of a metal endoprosthesis, or precursor tubing thereof; and (b) exposing the powder to a heat source to melt the powder and liberate hydrogen gas, thereby forming a porous coating on the surface of the endoprosthesis, or precursor tubing thereof.

Abstract: A process for protecting a thermal barrier coating (TBC) on a component used in a high-temperature environment, such as the hot section of a gas turbine engine. The process applies a protective film on the surface of the TBC to resist infiltration of contaminants such as CMAS that can melt and infiltrate the TBC to cause spallation. The process generally entails applying to the TBC surface a metal composition containing at least one metal whose oxide resists infiltration of CMAS into the TBC. The metal composition is applied so as to form a metal film on the TBC surface and optionally to infiltrate porosity within the TBC beneath its surface. The metal composition is then converted to form an oxide film, with at least a portion of the oxide film forming a surface deposit on the TBC surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the formation of a coating of metal oxides comprising at least one precious metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the elements, optionally in combination with titanium and/or zirconium, on an electrically conductive substrate made of steel or of iron, which consists in applying a sole solution of acetylacetonate(s) of the said metal(s) dissolved in a (plurality of) solvent(s) which specifically dissolve(s) each metal acetylacetonate; and in then drying and calcining the coated substrate. The invention also relates to an activated cathode obtained from the electrically conductive substrate coated with metal oxides and to its use in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal chlorides.

Abstract: Apparatus, for the localised treatment of part of a blade (14), comprises an enclosure (16) that is placed in a spaced relationship around the blade (14). Nozzles (20) extend through the enclosure (16) and direct a flow of gas onto both sides of the blade (14). The gas may be heated or cooled prior to delivery to the nozzles (20). The gas jets impinge upon the blade (14) to treat it.

Abstract: A phosphate bonded ceramic is used to provide a diffusion barrier on a titanium alloy substrate, conferring degradation (eg oxidation) resistance to the alloy. The substrate may, for example, be an aerospace component such as a part of a gas turbine engine.

Abstract: In a method for coating a substrate, and a coated object, in a first step, in an external current-less or electrolytic manner, nickel and/or cobalt and/or platinum are deposited on a substrate in a deposition bath. In the deposition bath, particles are additionally suspended which contain at least one metal selected from Mg, Al, Ti, Zn and no Cr, the particles becoming occluded in the coating. In a second step, the actual protective layer is produced by heat treatment. The coating of component parts may be used for aircraft turbines or gas turbines or for garbage incineration systems having temperature-resistant protective layers against high temperature corrosion.

Abstract: A coating system and a method for forming the coating system, the method including coating a surface of a gas turbine engine turbine component having a metallic surface that is outside the combustion gas stream and exposed to cooling air during operation of the engine. A gel-forming solution including a ceramic metal oxide precursor is provided. The gel-forming solution is heated to a first preselected temperature for a first preselected time to form a gel. The gel is then deposited on the metallic surface. Thereafter the gel is fired at a second preselected temperature above the first preselected temperature to form a ceramic corrosion resistant coating comprising a ceramic metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of zirconia, hafnia and combinations thereof. The ceramic corrosion resistant coating having a thickness of up to about 127 microns and remaining adherent at temperatures greater than about 1000° F.

Abstract: Metal products having improved properties and processes for preparing the metal products are provided. In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides for a metal product comprising a metal surface, an oxide layer and a glass layer. The glass layer is provided by coating a stable aqueous silicate or borosilicate solution onto the metal surface and curing the aqueous solution to produce a glass layer. The metal products have surface characteristics that outperform current anodized metal surfaces.

Abstract: A method for producing a ceramic coating of metallic and/or ceramic surfaces and products in reactors, process plants and combustion plants includes applying a mixture of fine-particle boron nitride, at least one inorganic binding agent of medium particle size in the nanometer range, containing substantially Al2O3, AlO(OH), ZrO2, Y—ZrO2, TiO2, Fe2O3 and/or SnO2 or an associated precursor compound and at least one solvent and/or water onto a metallic and/or ceramic surfaces or product, and burning the applied mixture into a coating through heating.

Abstract: A water-resistant porcelain enamel coating and method of making the same is provided. The porcelain enamel coating is prepared using a borosilicate glass frit, and mill additions of silica and a zirconia compound. The mixture is applied to a metal substrate and fired, resulting in a water-resistant coating that resists cracking and crazing. The coating is particularly useful in water heaters. In one embodiment, the coating comprises a fine zirconia compound having a median particle size of less than 10 microns.

Abstract: A process capable of depositing a diffusion coating of uniform thickness on localized surface regions of a component. The process makes use of an adhesive mixture containing a binding agent that is consumed as part of the deposition process so as not to negatively affect the quality and uniformity of the resulting coating. The process entails mixing a particulate donor material containing a coating element, a dissolved activator, and a particulate filler to form an adhesive mixture having a formable, malleable consistency. The adhesive mixture is applied to a surface of the component, and the component is heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize and react the activator with the coating element of the donor material, thereby forming a reactive vapor of the coating element. The reactive vapor reacts at the surface of the component to form a diffusion coating containing the coating element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston ring coated with a coating material by a thermal spray process, exposed to heat treatment of the coating material at an elevated temperature and for a time effective to at least partially diffuse the coating material into the piston ring surface or underlying layer of coating material, and an additionally applied coating material layer subject to successive heat treatments of each coating material layer in order to lay down on the piston ring surface a plurality of layers of the same coating material.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating for an underlying metal substrate of articles that operate at, or are exposed to, high temperatures, as well as being exposed to environmental contaminant compositions. This coating comprises an inner layer nearest to the underlying metal substrate comprising a ceramic thermal barrier coating material having a melting point of at least about 2000° F. (1093° C.), as well as a thermally glazed outer layer having an exposed surface and a thickness up to 0.4 mils (about 10 microns) and sufficient to at least partially protect the thermal barrier coating against environmental contaminants that become deposited on the exposed surface, and comprising a thermally glazeable coating material having a melting point of at least about 2000° F. (1093° C.) in an amount up to 100%. This coating can be used to provide a thermally protected article having a metal substrate and optionally a bond coated layer adjacent to and overlaying the metal substrate.

Abstract: Provided are low-cost, mechanically strong, highly electronically conductive porous substrates and associated structures for solid-state electrochemical devices, techniques for forming these structures, and devices incorporating the structures. The invention provides solid state electrochemical device substrates of novel composition and techniques for forming thin electrode/membrane/electrolyte coatings on the novel or more conventional substrates. In particular, in one embodiment the invention provides techniques for firing of device substrate to form densified electrolyte/membrane films 5 to 20 microns thick. In another embodiment, densified electrolyte/membrane films 5 to 20 microns thick may be formed on a pre-sintered substrate by a constrained sintering process. In some cases, the substrate may be a porous metal, alloy, or non-nickel cermet incorporating one or more of the transition metals Cr, Fe, Cu and Ag, or alloys thereof.

Abstract: A method for applying a coating system that is applied to a surface of a component, such as a turbine nozzle, for preventing or at least substantially preventing interdiffusion between the component surface and a protective thermal layer applied to the component surface when the thermal layer is exposed to elevated temperatures. The method includes applying a carrier layer containing aluminum to the component surface. Next, the layer is heated to a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined period of time in the substantial absence of oxygen to bond the aluminum with the component surface, the heat dissolving the carrier portion of the aluminum layer. The remaining portion of the aluminum layer is then heated to a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined period of time to form an oxidized aluminum layer. Finally, at least one protective thermal layer is applied over the oxidized aluminum layer.

Abstract: A method for applying a coating system that is applied to a surface of a component for preventing or at least substantially preventing interdiffusion between the component surface and a protective thermal layer applied to the component surface when the thermal layer is exposed to elevated temperatures. The method includes applying a carrier layer containing aluminum to the component surface. Next, the layer is heated to a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined period of time in the substantial absence of oxygen to bond the aluminum with the component surface, the heat dissolving the carrier portion of the aluminum layer. The remaining portion of the aluminum layer is then heated to a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined period of time to form an oxidized aluminum layer. Finally, at least one protective thermal layer is applied over the oxidized aluminum layer.

Abstract: A ceramic color composition comprising, as represented by mass percentage, from 60 to 85% of a low melting point glass powder, from 15 to 40% of a heat-resistant pigment powder, from 0 to 15% of heat-resistant whiskers, and from 0 to 15% of a refractory powder, wherein Fe3O4: 1 to 35%, MnO2: 1 to 24%, Cr2O3+CuO≧1%, and Cr2O3/8.5+CuO/23+NiO/3.3+CoO/0.71+V2O/56+Se/0.45≦1%.

Abstract: A water-resistant porcelain enamel coating and method of making the same is provided. The porcelain enamel coating is prepared using a borosilicate glass frit, and mill additions of silica and a zirconia compound. The mixture is applied to a metal substrate and fired, resulting in a water-resistant coating that resists cracking and crazing. The coating is particularly useful in water heaters. In one embodiment, the coating comprises a fine zirconia compound having a median particle size of less than 10 microns.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to enhance the reliability of the electrical connection of a silver-based conductor film on the surface of a glass ceramic board. In order to achieve the object, according to the present invention, by the use of a conductor paste containing a silver particle having a specific surface area of 0.3 m2/g to 3.0 m2/g and no glass, printing is carried out on a glass ceramic board and the conductor paste is fired at a firing temperature having a difference of ±50° C. from a softening temperature of amorphous borosilicate glass contained in the glass ceramic. Consequently, a silver-based conductor film having high reliability of the electrical connection is formed on the ceramic board.

Abstract: A method for treating surfaces of titanium or titanium alloys which includes the steps of applying a treatment for removing surface adhesion substances from the surface and then forming a transparent protective layer on the surface.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes: a ceramic substrate, an electrode and a piezoelectric portion made of a piezoelectric ceramic composition containing a Pb(Mg, Ni)1/3Nb2/3O3—PbZrO3—PbTiO3 ternary system solid solution composition being represented by the following general formula (1) as a main component: Pbx{(Mg1−yNiy)1/3×aNb2/3}bTicZrdO3 (1), wherein 0.95≦x≦1.05; 0.05≦y≦0.20; 0.90≦a≦1.10; b,c, and d are decimals falling in a range surrounded by (b, c, d)=(0.550, 0.425, 0.025), (0.550, 0.325, 0.125), (0.375, 0.325, 0.300), (0.100, 0.425, 0.475), (0.100, 0.475, 0.425) and (0.375, 0.425, 0.200) in the coordinates with coordinate axes of said b, c and d, and b+c+d=1.000. The electrode is electrically connected to the piezoelectric portion, and the piezoelectric portion is solidly attached to the ceramic substrate directly or via the electrode.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing a corrosion-resistant and oxidization-resistant layer that is applied onto a component part, whereby the method can be simply and cost-beneficially implemented in fabrication-oriented terms and comprises the steps: a) producing a slip by mixing powder containing at least one of the elements Cr, Ni or Ce with a binding agent; b) applying the slip onto the component part; c) drying the slip at temperatures from room temperature through 300° C.; and d) alitizing the slip layer.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is surface-modified nickel fine powder in which a precursor of barium titanate having a perovskite structure and consisting of a reaction product of a soluble titanium-containing compound and a soluble barium-containing compound is adhered to the surface of individual nickel fine particles, wherein the fine powder shows X-ray diffraction peaks of nickel and is free of any peak of barium titanate having a perovskite structure in the X-ray diffraction pattern determined by the X-ray diffraction method, but the fine powder shows X-ray diffraction peaks of both nickel and barium titanate having a perovskite structure in the X-ray diffraction pattern after the fine powder is subjected to a heat-treatment at a temperature of not less than 400° C. The nickel fine powder has a small heat shrinkage factor upon firing and improved resistance to oxidation.

Abstract: A titania-coated honeycomb catalyst matrix is provided for the ultraviolet-photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in a flowing fluid. A honeycomb-shaped skeletal structure (12) has a thin, lightweight substrate (18) of metal or ceramic, typically an aluminum alloy, and a surface coating (20) of photocatalyst, such as titania. The photocatalyst (20) is bonded to the substrate (18) via a thin oxide layer (18′) on the substrate. The oxide layer (18′) may be grown on the substrate. The photocatalyst coating (20) is made by mixing (30) titania powder in a TiO2 sol-gel to form a titania slurry. The substrate with oxide layer is coated (30) with the titania slurry and then heat treated (31). The photocatalyst coating (20) is typically applied to substrate sheets (40, 60, 62) preformed for assembly into a honeycomb-shaped skeletal structure (12) having an array of parallel cells (46, 46′).

Abstract: An adhesion-promoting composition for bonds between plastic and other materials, such as metal, ceramic, glass ceramic and glass is described, which contains an alcoholate of titanium, of zirconium or of hafnium and allows production of strongly adhesive, moisture-stable and hydrolysis-resistant bonds.

Abstract: A method of forming an aluminum silicon diffusion coating on a surface of an alloy product utilizes a diffusion mixture containing by weight 1% to 5% aluminum, 0.5% to 5% silicon, 0.5% to 3% ammonium halide activator and the balance an inert filler. The product to be coated is placed in a retort with the diffusion mixture covering the product surfaces to be coated. Upon heating aluminum and silicon will diffuse onto the product surfaces forming the aluminum and silicon diffusion coating.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for continuously coating at least a metal strip with a crosslikable polymer fluid film free of non-active solvent or diluent and whereof the softening temperature is higher than 50° C. The method consists in continuously unwinding the metal strip (1) on at least a back-up roll (3); forming, on a roll (20) by forced flow, a layer of said crosslinkable polymer in melted state; forming, from said layer (30), said crosslinkable polymer film (31); and transferring entirely in thickness said film onto the metal strip (1) and, between the zone forming the layer (30) on the roll (20) and the zone applying the film (31) on the metal strip, in thermally conditioning the crosslinkable polymer to reduce its viscosity. The invention also concerns a coating device for implementing said method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying a non-permeable, ceramic layer of a thickness of not more than about 100 &mgr;m to a ceramic or metallic body by applying a solution of one or more elastomers, which elastomers contain substantially not exclusively sulfur, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, optionally drying, and pyrolyzing to form a porous layer and subsequently sintering at increased temperature to form a non-permeable ceramic layer.

Abstract: Metal surfaces are protected against corrosion by a coating of molecular sieve, notably a zeolite or a phosphate-containing molecular sieve, rendered substantially non-porous by the retention (or addition) of a pore-filling member inside the voids of the molecular sieve crystal structure. Pore-filling agents convenient for use include species typically used as structure-directing agents in the synthesis of zeolites and other molecular sieves. A further aspect of the invention is a method of protecting a metal surface from corrosion by crystallizing a molecular sieve in situ on the metal surface.

Abstract: A multicomponent film on a substrate can be annealed at higher temperatures in oxygen by using a specifically designed annealing vessel. The vessel is formed of a multicomponent material which has at least all of the components of the first multicomponent material of the film or, in the case where there are nonvolatile components, then the vessel is formed of a second multicomponent material which has at least the same composition of relatively volatile components as the first multicomponent film. As the multicomponent film is annealed for a sufficient time within the vessel the multicomponent film remains in contact with a vapor of the first multicomponent material and the vessel material. This process called bomb annealing prevents loss of volatile components from the film and roughening of the film surface and leads to films with lower dielectric loss. Preferred thin film materials are ferroelectric materials although any material could be used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for marking metallic alloys using laser alloying. Specifically, the present invention is directed toward the use of laser alloying steel or aluminum alloys with a mark that provides protection against wear and corrosion and greater permanency.

Abstract: A gamma titanium aluminide turbine blade (10) has a titanium oxide layer (20) on its outer surface. A protective coating (22) is applied to the aerofoil (12) and the platform (14) of the turbine blade (10) onto the titanium oxide layer (20). The protective coating (22) comprises a silicate glass having a chromium oxide filler. The protective coating (22) preferably comprise a boron titanate silicate glass having a chromium oxide filler. The oxide layer (20) adheres the protective coating (22) to the titanium aluminide turbine blade (10). The protective coating (22) provides oxidation and sulphidation resistance.

Abstract: A laminate article comprises a substrate and a biaxially textured (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer over the substrate, wherein 0<x<1 and RE1 and RE2 are each selected from the group consisting of Nd, Sm, Eu, Ho, Er, Lu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm, and Yb. The (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer can be deposited using sol-gel or metal-organic decomposition. The laminate article can include a layer of YBCO over the (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer. A layer of CeO2 between the YBCO layer and the (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer can also be include. Further included can be a layer of YSZ between the CeO2 layer and the (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer. The substrate can be a biaxially textured metal, such as nickel. A method of forming the laminate article is also disclosed.