Abstract: A self-supporting composite bioactive material and method of making it, which comprises immersing a body of collagen in a solution comprising a calcium phosphate and a phosphoprotein (preferably containing o-phosphoserine residues) to deposit on the collagen a mineralized layer of calcium phosphate and the phosphoprotein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of coating a permeable sheet with amphiphilic proteins, the method including the steps of: 1) providing a permeable sheet having a plurality of individual exposed surfaces, at least a portion of which having relatively low surface energies; 2) providing an aqueous solution containing amphiphilic proteins, the solution having a relatively high surface tension; and 3) contacting the solution containing amphiphilic proteins under shear stress conditions with the matrix of fibrous material so that at least a portion of the amphiphilic proteins are adsorbed onto at least some individual exposed surfaces.

Abstract: A proteinaceous product comprises a stable, substantially clear, thermally irreversible gel formed by the reaction product of protein and reducing sugar, preferably containing from 2 to 25% gel-forming protein by weight. Particles or pieces of edible material may be embedded in the gel, or the gel may be divided into pieces and incorporated as an ingredient in a food product, and the product can be rendered commercially sterile while remaining substantially clear. Such products can be produced by a process which comprises reacting an aqueous dispersion of a protein or proteinaceous material with a reducing sugar or source thereof in the presence of a denaturing agent (e.g. a chaotropic agent), and/or denaturing conditions (e.g. alkaline pH).

Abstract: The invention relates generally to colloidal particle having a core material and a gelatin/aminodextran coating with pendent functional groups attached thereto. Biological substances or molecules, especially monoclonal antibodies, may be attached to said particles. The monoclonal antibody containing particles are useful in a variety of positive and negative biological assays.

Abstract: An adhesive based on casein, water-soluble extenders, natural or synthetic resin acids, resin alcohols or resin esters, and an alcohol is provided. The adhesive has specific amounts of these ingredients which leads to a viscosity of the adhesive which is temperature dependent to a surprisingly large extent. The adhesive is particularly useful in the labelling of bottles wherein the surface of the bottles is wet and cold.

Abstract: An analysis element for the determination of an analyte in a liquid sample, especially for medicinal uses. A carrier layer (2) contains, in a reagent domain (4), a reagent applied in a defined pattern by an ink-jet process. The pattern comprises several sets (A, B, C) of compartments (11-20), the compartments (e.g. 11, 13, 15, 17, 19) of the same set (e.g. A) having the same chemical composition, the compartments (11, 13, 15, 17, 19 or 12, 16, 20) of different sets (A or B) containing different reagents and the compartments of different sets being arranged in alteration so that the compartments containing different reagents are close together but nevertheless spatially separated.

Abstract: There is provided a method for treating a surface which is to be bonded to another surface, the method comprising displacing a portion of the surface material to a position such that the displaced material, while remaining an integral part of the surface, forms a burr which is adapted to mechanically engage a flexible material placed adjacent thereto to thereby provide a mechanical interlocking action.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a multilayered element having a top coat. The method includes the application of an undercoating to the upper surface of a support and the application of a continuous top coat coating composition to the surface of the undercoating. The undercoating includes a binder while the top coat composition includes one or more dissolved or dispersed materials and one or more solvents. At least one of the solvents is compatible with the binder. The composition and coating weight of the top coat composition and of the undercoating are controlled such that the ratio T/B is less than or equal to 3, whereinT is the coating weight of the compatible solvent(s), andB is the coating weight of the binder.

Abstract: A method for calendering a suture includes passing the suture lengthwise between two pairs of calendering rollers each pair being oriented orthogonally to the other pair. The suture may be coated and/or filled by passing it through the contacting region of a suture filling applicator to which filling agent is supplied by a metering pump. The filling process may be computer controlled.

Abstract: A method of reducing the tendency toward formation of ripple imperfections in the coating of multilayer photographic elements is disclosed. Coating compositions are prepared for upper, middle, and lower gelatin-containing layers of a layered mass. The middle layer has a gelatin concentration within three weight percent of each of the upper and lower layers and the upper, middle, and lower layers each have a viscosity that differs from a norm by no more than 15%. A laminar flow of a layered mass including the coating compositions is formed and then received as a layered coating on a moving support. A multilayer photographic element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A reagent coating material has been developed to modify the surface of articles used in assay procedures. Polymers of chitosan solubilized with an organic acid form into thin films when contacted to glass, plastic, metal or cellulose articles. The coated article may be used directly for immobilizing agents for assay, or may be further modified to increase the range of usefulness. The reagent coating solution itself may also be reacted to produce an activated reagent with surface coating properties. The invention embodies a kit of use in immunoassay procedures.

Abstract: An article having a base, a base coating adhered to the base, the base coating being formed from a base coating composition having, in approximate volume, the following ingredients:______________________________________ Ingredients Volume ______________________________________ Hide glue 14-34 Colorant 0.1-2 ______________________________________and an acrylic polymer paint coating adhered to the base coating, the acrylic coating having checks to provide an antique appearance.

Abstract: This invention presents water-resistant, formaldehyde-free starch-based corugating adhesives. The adhesives are alkaline-curing and contain 0.1-7% (by wt.) of a crosslinking agent which is a condensate of an epihalohydrin and an amine, a polyamine, or ammonia.

Abstract: A process of simultaneously applying multiple layers of hydrophilic colloidal aqueous coating compositions to a moving support with a multilayer bead coating apparatus, which comprises applying as the first layer next to the support an hydrophilic colloidal aqueous composition comprising a high molecular weight, highly deionized gelatin in which there are dispersed fine droplets of a high temperature boiling water immiscible organic solvent, and a multilayer silver halide photographic material comprising a support on which there are spread at least one silver halide photosensitive layer and at least one auxiliary layer, and said material further comprising, spread over said support under said layers, a hydrophilic colloidal layer comprising high molecular weight, highly deionized gelatin in which there are dispersed fine droplets of a high temperature boiling water immiscible organic solvent.

Abstract: A biologically degradable film is prepared consisting of a synthetic polymer and a biologically degradable polymer. The biologically degradable polymer is divided into small particles in an aqueous suspension by means of enzymes that split and release small molecules from the surface of the biopolymer particles. After achieving desired particle size, an emulsion is formed with vegetable oil and the particles coated with enzyme protein become coated with vegetable oil, which at the same time interrupts the degradation of the biopolymer particles by the enzyme. The coated particles with the oil are separated from the suspension to remove small molecules after which the particles are re-dried and then pulverized. The final film is prepared in a film extruder in which the biopolymer is mixed with the synthetic polymer and possibly other additives that are generally used informing polymer films.

Abstract: A plurality of uniform microfabricated sensing devices are produced by establishing a plurality of base sensors on a substrate wafer, forming over at least a portion of each base sensor a permselective layer, superimposing a photoformable proteinaceous photoresist layer over a substantial portion of the permselective layer, and forming a topmost layer of an immobilized ligand receptor. The ligand receptor and corresponding ligand may be immunoreactive species.

Abstract: Layers containing proteinaceous binders, in particular gelatin layers of the kind used, for example, in photographic recording materials, are hardened by means of an instant hardener by casting a hardening system composed of at least two layers over the layer of binder, the lower of these two layers containing the instant hardener while the upper layer, which may be applied together with or immediately after the lower layer, contains a protein-containing binder but no hardener. The hardened layers have improved surface properties (wet scratch resistance, antifriction properties).

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate such as cellulose casing having thereon a desired indicia such as grill marks or a corporate logo, which in turn comprises a water soluble underlayer such as caramel and a water insoluble binder-sealant layer such as shellac. Also included are an indicia-containing processable food package, a method for preparing the substrate-indicia article, a method for making an indicia-containing food product, and an edible food product as for example a frankfurter having a desired indicia on its outer surface.

Abstract: A device for simultaneous multilayer application in which discrete liquid substances are applied as at least two mutually-overlaid layers to a continuously moving web comprises a web, a backup roller around which the web moves and a hopper for simultaneously applying upper and lower layers to the web. The hopper includes first and second guide surfaces along which the liquid substances flow onto the web, and first and second slots for individually supplying the liquid substances to each of the guide surfaces. The slots are designed such that the length of the slot for supplying the lower layer is longer than the length of slot for supplying the upper layer and the width of the slot for supplying the lower layer is smaller than the width of the slot for supplying the upper layer. In this manner, the edges of the applied liquid substances are continuous along the length of the web and streaks are prevented from forming along the applied surfaces.

Abstract: There is described a waterproof support material for light-sensitive materials with an anti-curl layer applied in two successive coatings on the reverse side.With the first coating, gelatin is dried out from the sol form and hardened in such a manner that, after the drying of the first coating, the second coating, which contains additional hardening agent, can be applied immediately without difficulty. Chromium(III)-salts are contained in both coatings as hardening agents.Through the selected combination of 2 process steps, anti-curl layers of extremely low water absorption capacity are obtained.

Abstract: A polymeric or plastic pigment, useful as a partial replacement for the inorganic pigment conventionally employed in paper coating compositions is disclosed. The pigment comprises a copolymer of an animal or vegetable protein and a monomer havingh a glass transition temperature (Tg) greater than about 70.degree. C. polymerized in a surfactant free system. When employed in paper coating compositions the pigment provides a coating of improved gloss and ink holdout, as compared to a coating in which the pigment composition consists only of an inorganic material. Improved water resistance, improved water holding and a potential for reduction in the coating sticking to the calender during the paper finishing process are obtained as compared to conventional polymeric pigments.

Abstract: A resorptive sheet material for closing and healing wounds substantially consists of a glycoprotein matrix containing substances which cause and, respectively, are conductive to the coagulation of blood including fibrinogen and thrombin. The sheet material is dry and of multi-layered structure, wherein at least one layer is free from thrombin and contains in the glycoprotein matrix thereof the fibrinogen in a substantially homogeneously distributed form, and at least one further layer is free from fibrinogen and contains in the glycoprotein matrix thereof the thrombin in a substantially homogenenously distributed form. The glycoproteins coming into consideration, above all, are non-linked fibrin, fibrin fission products, collagen, globulin, myoglobulin, casein and/or albumin.

Abstract: An improved implant is disclosed, having a customary substrate, particularly at least partially of metal, and a one- or multi-layer coating of ceramic, biologically compatible glasses and/or bioactive glasses, the improvement comprising a second type layer covalently bound on said coating of ceramic or bioglass said second type of layer being from polymeric organo-silicon compounds, and said second type of layer being covalently coupled, with or without a coupling molecule, with a third type of layer of a synthetic or natural biopolymer. Also disclosed is a process for producing the implant, by applying in known mariner a coating of ceramic, biologically compatible and/or bioactive glasses onto a substrate of said implant, providing said coating with a second type of layer of polymerized organo-silicon compound (polysiloxane) in covalent connection therewith, and coupling said second type of layer with a third type of layer of a synthetic or natural biopolymer, with or without use of a coupling means.

Abstract: A coating method and apparatus in which a coating composition is uniformly coated onto a continuously moving web without accumulation of thickened composition in the coating head. Auxiliary supply pipes open into the cavity of the coating head at both ends of the cavity. Liquid is either supplied through the auxiliary supply pipes to the coating head, or a portion of the coating composition contained in the coating head is discharged through the auxiliary supply pipes. Preferably, the supply or discharge of the liquid through the auxiliary supply pipes is at a rate such that a ratio of a velocity component of the liquid flowing through the auxiliary supply pipes to that of the coating composition onto the moving web is in a range of 0.01 to 10.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a substrate (16) of glass, a plurality of elongated electrodes (17) which are provided in parallel with each other on the glass substrate, a first electron transport protein film (18) prepared by cytochrome c formed on the electrodes, a second electron transport protein film (19) of flavodoxin adhered and joined on the first electron transport protein film and a plurality of elongated electrodes (20) provided in parallel with each other on the second electron transport protein film. Cytochrome c is different in redox potential from flavodoxin, whereby rectifying characteristics are attained in the device in a molecular level by junction of the first electron transport protein film (18) and the second electron transport protein film (19).

Abstract: Amylose and high amylose starch fibrous food wrappings, including casings for meat products provide a low cost alternative to ordinary fibrous casings. The composite material consists of a cross-linked matrix of the amylose polymer coupled or bonded with the reinforcement and possesses a wet strength and elongation properties for suitable handling and stuffing without exhibiting embrittlement upon aging.

Abstract: A process for the multiple coating of webs which are continuously moving past a coating point, using coating apparatus according to the bead coating process is carried out such that any number of comparatively high viscosity layers is arranged above an accelerating layer which lies below the layers and has a viscosity range of from 1 to 20 mPas and a layer thickness of from 2 to 30 .mu.m. A very small gap width of from 100 to 400 .mu.m is selected between the sliding surface coating head and the web to be coated and only a low reduced pressure is applied under the coating head. By this process, coating rates of 400 m/min and more may be achieved with a good coating quality.

Abstract: A process for the multiple coating of objects or webs which are continuously moving past a coating point, using coating apparatus according to the curtain coating process. This process is carried out such that any number of comparatively high viscosity layers is embedded between an accelerating layer which is positioned below the layers and has a viscosity range of from 1 to 20 mPas and a layer thickness of from 2 to 30 .mu.m, and a spreading layer which is positioned above the comparatively high viscosity layers and has a viscosity range of from 1 to 10 mPas and a layer thickness of from 5 to 20 .mu.m. By the curtain coating process, coating rates of 400 m/min and more may be achieved with a good coating quality.

Abstract: An electrical conducting solid electrode on the surface of which cytochrome c.sub.3 is immobilized in an amount ranging from 20%-100% of the monolayer coverage, said electrode thereby provided with the electrocatalytic capability of the direct four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water, and its uses.

Abstract: A recording material, comprising a hydrophobic substrate material with a polymeric coating, has excellent receptivity for inks that do not normally wet hydrophobic substrates. The substrate material is coated with a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a compatible matrix-forming polymer. The matrix-forming polymer is a material, such as gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol, that is swellable by water and insoluble at room temperature but soluble at elevated temperatures. A transparent base sheet, such as cellulose acetate or polyethylene terephthalate, can be coated with the mixture of polymers to provide a sheet material which can be used in ink jet printers and in pen-type graphics recorders, operating at normal speeds, to record large color-filled areas without puddling, running, or wetness and with high color density and excellent resolution.

Abstract: A multiple-layer process for applying, in alternate, successive molecular layers, a protein material, and a ligand extender material to a surface to modify the properties of the surface and to the multiple-layer product so prepared.

Abstract: A biologically active protein which is bonded to a water-insoluble porous copolymer based on N-vinylimidazole and/or substituted N-vinylimidazoles and monomers which can be copolymerized therewith, its preparation and its use for carrying out enzymatic reactions.

Abstract: A process for reconditioning used currency includes the steps of applying a stiffening compound thereto, squeezing the excess from the currency, and drying the currency. Apparatus for performing this process includes gripping and transporting mechanism for transporting the currency to various stations for performing the necessary steps. Arrangements are included for repeating the application, squeezing and drying steps to recondition the portion of the currency originally blocked from treatment by the gripping mechanism.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the thermal stability and dielectric integrity of a cellulosic web product. The cellulosic web is impregnated with a nitrogen donor compound such that the web contains not less than 0.2% by weight of the compound and thereafter impregnated with an aqueous vegetable protein solution at a pH of not less than about 8.5.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for insolubilizing casein coatings for leather utilizing alkoxy alkyl ureas. The coatings are cured in the presence of an acid catalyst. The casein coatings of the invention avoid the disadvantageous use of aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde to cure the casein and reduce its water sensitivity and unexpectedly show improved wet abrasion resistance.

Abstract: Radially-propagating, free, liquid sheets comprising single or multiple discrete layers are used to coat moving substrates. The use of these free liquid sheets allows the high speed application of single or multicomponent coatings to substrates. Apparatus for forming radially-propagating, free, liquid sheets and applying the sheets to substrates in the form of coatings is also disclosed.

Abstract: Dry finished coated paperboard is prepared with a smoothness and printability substantially equivalent to a comparable wet finished product, and without significant loss of bulk, with the addition of a plasticizing agent to the surface sizing formulation prior to calendering and before coating. The plasticizing agent preferably has a boiling point greater than water and is soluble in water. In addition, the surface size treatment is preferably applied with a blade, gateroll or like arrangement so that the plasticizing agent remains substantially on the surface of the paperboard with little or no penetration.

Abstract: A multiple-layer process for applying, in alternate, successive layers, the protein, avidin, and a biotin-containing extender material to a solid surface to modify the properties of the surface and to the multiple-layer product so prepared.

Abstract: A novel release sheet comprising a web of paper having a water absorption of at least about 200 seconds which has been sized on at least one side thereof with a water-soluble, alkaline earth or earth metal salt, e.g. a calcium salt such as calcium chloride and then coated on said sized side with a film of a mixture of a salt of alginic acid, such as sodium alginate, and either (1) a triglyceride or (2) hydrolyzed or non-hydrolyzed lecithin, and a method of producing decorative laminates therewith.

Abstract: A process for forming a subbing layer in photographic sensitive materials which comprises applying an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer consisting of at least one diolefin monomer and one or more vinyl monomers to a plastic film base in which the gel fraction of the copolymer in said aqueous dispersion is about 80% by weight or less.

Abstract: A method of reducing the number or amount of chemical additives normally incorporated into paper pulp furnish before transferring the latter to the continuous wire mesh of a papermaking machine in the manufacture of paper sheet involves the use of a hydrolyzed proteinaceous foam which does not appreciably affect the degree of sizing of the finished paper sheet. The use of such foam in paper manufacture can render unnecessary the chemical treatment of effluent from the papermaking machine which is normally required to avoid environmental pollution.

Abstract: A process for eliminating cracking in a titanium dioxide-hydroxyethylcellulose layer by simultaneously coating thereover a hydrophilic colloid layer such as gelatin.

Abstract: A polyester film, typically a support for photographic material is coated, prior to coating a hydrophilic organic colloid layer, with a subbing composition containing at least one compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein a and d each represent 1 or 2; b and c each represent 0, 1, or 2 but b and c must not be 0 at the same time, A represents a divalent group; and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: Photographic additives in particular water-insoluble photographic additives are rendered easier to incorporate into photographic layers by finely dividing them, mixing them with a finely divided water soluble substance and compressing the resulting mixture into the form of a tablet. The tablets which contain from about 1 to 50% by weight of the photographic additives are then dissolved in the coating composition and this disperses the water insoluble additive uniformly throughout the coating composition.

Abstract: Articles exhibiting a micropattern carried by a surface of a support, typically microdevices comprising a micropattern of a functional material on or in a substrate of a dissimilar material, are produced by a method employing a microsubstrate comprising a substrate base, a protein layer which comprises at least a compressed monolayer of a denatured non-fibrous protein on the base, and a masking film overlying the protein layer, the material of the masking film being such as to be modified by radiant energy so as to be removable from the protein layer where irradiated. The method is flexible in the sense that it is possible to proceed via either a positive or a negative of the desired micropattern and to build a more extensive, or more complex, micropattern from an initial relatively simple micropattern.

Abstract: Micropattern devices, such as electronic microcircuits, are produced by establishing on a substrate base a film of resist material, such as a polymeric film, containing dispersed therethrough a substantial proportion of an enzyme and then producing a pattern of a metal by reactions depending upon presence of the enzyme.

Abstract: Polymeric subbing compositions for polyester photobase, especially polyethylene terephthalate films, comprising, a mixture of a polyurethane resin with a homopolymer or copolymer or a mixture of a homopolymer and a copolymer of an unsaturated cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride, preferably maleic anhydride or itaconic anhydride, in which the mixture contains up to 75% by weight of the anhydride polymer.

Abstract: A combination of improved coatability of a coating composition onto an anionic surfactant-containing contiguous layer of a radiation-sensitive or non-radiation sensitive film element, plus better control of static electricity on the resulting coated film element, especially on a radiation sensitive photographic element, results from using a coating composition containing a surfactant mixture of (a) a certain type of cationic perfluorinated alkyl surfactant, such as perfluorooctylsulfonamido-(N-propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl) ammonium iodide, with (b) a certain type of nonionic alkylphenoxypoly(propylene oxide) surfactant, such as para-isononylphenoxy decaglycidol, as a coating aid in the application of fluid coatings, preferably by simultaneous coating techniques, to form multiple layers in an element during the making of the element. The presence of a hydrophilic polymeric binder, such as gelatin, in the coating composition is desirable.

Abstract: A multiple-layer process for applying, in alternate, successive layers, the protein, avidin, and a biotin-containing extender material to a solid surface to modify the properties of the surface and to the multiple-layer product so prepared.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a photographic material in which an assembly of superposed liquid photographic layers is coated onto the surface of a moving base support in such a way that the properties of the liquid photographic layers being coated are evaluated by their dynamic surface tensions.