Abstract: Improving the adhesion of a gelatin coating to a styrene homopolymer or copolymer film by solvent treating and corona discharge treating the film prior to coating with a gelatin layer in the production of a coated photobase.

Abstract: The simultaneous high speed application of a plurality of liquid coating compositions to a moving web by the method of multi-layer bead coating is improved by coating the lowermost layer as a thin layer formed from a low viscosity coating composition and coating the layer immediately above the lowermost layer as a thicker layer of higher viscosity such that vortical action of the coating bead is confined to the lowermost layer and the layer immediately above it. By this means, intermixing of the coating composition forming the lowermost layer with the coating composition forming the layer immediately above it occurs, but all other layers are coated in discrete form. The method is especially useful in the manufacture of multi-layer photographic films and papers.

Abstract: Hydrophilic polymers, i.e., hydrophilic cellulose esters, hydrophilic cellulose ethers, hydrophilic polyurethanes, hydrophilic vinyl lower alkyl ether polymers, vinyl alcohol group containing polymers, partially hydrolized polyacrylonitrite, ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, stryene-maleic anhydride copolymer, proteins, high molecular weight polyalkylene oxides or phenoxy resins, having encapsulated therein either or both anti-fouling agents or pigments is applied as a coating to underwater portions of a marine structure so as to reduce the drag of said structure.

Abstract: Hydrophilic layers are made to adhere to dimensionally stable polyester film supports by applying to an unstretched or only longitudinally stretched polyester film an adhesive layer from an aqueous coating composition comprising a chlorine-containing copolymer formed of 45 to 99.5 % by weight of at least one of the monomers vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, 0.5 to 10 % by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid or of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and 0 to 54.5 % by weight of at least one monomer taken from acrylamides, methacrylamides, esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic acid, and N-alkyl maleimides. Immediately thereafter, without drying of the adhesive layer, a subbing layer is applied thereto from an aqueous gelatin solution comprising a plasticizer for the gelatin. After drying of the two layers, they are biaxially or transversally stretched together with the polyester film support, and heat-setted. Finally a hydrophilic layer is applied to the subbing layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to film base material. A film of synthetic linear polyester has superimposed thereon a phenoxy resin of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein each of R.sub.1 to R.sub.7 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl or cyclohexyl group, R.sub.8 is a hydrogen atom or an acyl radical of the formula ##EQU1## wherein m is 0 to 6, at least one of X, Y and Z is a chlorine or bromine atom or a cyano group, the other of X, Y and Z are each hydrogen atoms or bromine or chlorine atoms, n is at least 50 and from 50 to 100 % of the R.sub.8 groups are a said acyl residue. An improved adhesion between the film base material of this composition and a hydrophilic layer coated thereon is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates a process for crosslinking hydrophilic colloids, especially gelatine. The colloid is crosslinked with a water-soluble organic crosslinking agent which is allowed to act in a system consisting of at least two colloid layers. At least one layer contains the crosslinking agent and at least one layer which is free from crosslinking agents contains an aprotic solvent.

Abstract: The method of forming relatively thick deposits of polymeric material on a surface of small threaded articles which comprises forming a thin coating on the surface of a solution of the polymeric material, at least partly drying the coating to eliminate some or all of the solvent for the polymeric material, applying a barrier coating to the polymeric material to protect it from attack by solvent, and applying a second thin coating of a solution of the polymeric material. The operation may be repeated as necessary to build up the required thickness of deposit. Coating is by successive immersions in baths of the polymeric solution separated by immersion in baths of the barrier material, or by other bulk treatment therewith, followed by partial drying before subsequent immersions and final drying after the last immersion.

Abstract: The characteristics of the surface of an article may be modified, e.g., in respect to adhesion, wettability or other physical characteristics, by exposing the surface to an electrical discharge in a mixture of certain gases. The practice of this invention is particularly useful in improving the gelatin adherence characteristics of a photographic film base support.