Abstract: A method of casting a siliconized silicon carbide part. The method includes providing a pre-casting mix comprised of a silicon carbide powder having a maximum particle size within a range of about 1000 to 2000 microns, and water having a percentage by weight of no more than about 9.5% of the mix. A slurry is formed from the mix and poured into a mold. The water is then removed from the mold within a predetermined period of time to form a solid porous green part. The green part is surrounded with silicon metal, and heated to a predetermined temperature above the melting point of the silicon metal. The silicon metal then siliconizes the green part to form a siliconized silicon carbide part.

Abstract: A method for producing coated strands of metal includes guiding a metal strand through the bottom of a vessel filled with a molten mass of the same or different composition as the metal strip, wherein the residence time of the metal strand is selected as a function of at least one of the molten bath level, the casting speed, the metal strand thickness, and the preheating temperature of the metal strand such that the deposited molten mass on the metal strand has a desired thickness of several times the initial thickness of the metal strand. After exiting from the molten bath, the metal strand with a layer crystallized thereon is subjected to a smoothing path carried out when the surface temperature of the strand crystallized thereon is smaller than the solidus temperature of the molten bath, so that at least the surface of the layer crystallized thereon is solidified. The crystallized layer is applied with a thickness which exceeds the desired final thickness of the coated strand.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hot-dip plated metal strip comprising the steps of: introducing a metal strip into a molten metal bath of plating metal to adhere the molten metal onto the surface of the metal strip; taking out the metal strip, after turning the running direction of the metal strip, from the molten metal bath without applying external force from outside the surface of the metal strip; adjusting the plating weight of the molten metal adhered onto the metal strip; and controlling the shape of the metal strip using magnetic force in non-contact state directly before or after the step of adjusting the coating weight. The invention prevents adhesion of dross to the metal strip without degrading the productivity, and thus manufactures a high quality hot-dip plated metal strip.

Abstract: In order to prevent particles generated in the preparation of a chemically reinforcing molten salt from getting into an operation atmosphere for performing a chemical reinforcement, a chemical reinforcement tank 2 and a dissolution tank 10 for preparing the chemically reinforcing molten salt are separated from each other. In a typical embodiment, the chemical reinforcement tank is disposed in a clean room 35, and the dissolution tank 10 is disposed outside the clean room.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a metal-carbon fiber matrix composite material which comprises removing a sizing agent from a bundle of carbon fibers, dipping the bundle of carbon fibers sequentially in an alkoxide solution and an alcohol, and then infiltrating the bundle of carbon fibers with a molten metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silicon carbide-based, porous, lightweight, heat-resistant material which can retain the shape of a porous structural body formed of, for example, corrugated cardboard and provides a manufacturing method therefor. The silicon carbide-based, porous, lightweight material is produced by a process including the steps of infiltrating a slurry composed of a resin and powdered silicon into a porous structural body having a framework formed of paper such as corrugated cardboard, wood, a woven cloth, a non-woven cloth, a plastic, or the like; carbonizing the infiltrated porous structural body at 900 to 1,350° C. in an evacuated or an inert atmosphere; and performing reaction-bonding for the obtained structural body at 1,350° C. or more in an evacuated or an inert atmosphere. By the reaction-bonding, silicon carbide having superior molten silicon wettability and open pores caused by the reaction during which the reaction volume decreases are simultaneously formed.

Abstract: The method relates to a disposable device for the application of a coating (2) on a tablet, a capsule or a pill. The coating (2) is applied enclosing the tablet, capsule or pill (3) during its passage through a bowl formation (4) with a coating mass (5) and through an elastic diaphragm (12) located in the bottom (11) and provided with a centrally disposed, conveniently penetrable opening (13). During the passage of the tablet, capsule of pill (3) the opening (13) encloses the tablet, capsule or pill and simultaneously shapes a film of coating mass (5) thereon.

Abstract: A method of applying a metal coating to optical element, such as an optical waveguide, comprising the steps of partially depleting stabilizers in an electroless metallic solution and immersing an optical waveguide in the electroless metallic solution to deposit the metal coating to the optical waveguide. The step of partially depleting may include creating an electroless metallic solution having a sodium hypophoshite concentration of about 25 grams per liter. The electroless metallic solution may comprise a Fidelity solution 4865A, a Fidelity solution 4865B and de-ionized water in a ratio of 1:1:18; and sodium hypophosphite crystals. Alternatively, the step of partially depleting may include placing a dummy load into the electroless metallic solution. The dummy load may be a rectangular block of metal, formed of a low carbon steel, and may have a threaded cylindrical passage therein.

Abstract: Defective, e.g. worn or substandard, carbon-carbon fibre composite materials such as frictional materials in brakes or clutches may be restored and/or upgraded by impregnation with a molten reactive metal source comprising a carbide-forming metal or a derivative thereof such as an oxide.

Abstract: Improved silicon carbide composites made by an infiltration process feature a metal phase in addition to any residual silicon phase. Not only are properties such as mechanical toughness improved, but the infiltrant can be so engineered as to have much diminished amounts of expansion upon solidification, thereby enhancing net-shape-making capabilities. Further, multi-component infiltrant materials may have a lower liquidus temperature than pure silicon, thereby providing the practitioner greater control over the infiltration process. In particular, the infiltration may be conducted at the lower temperatures, where low-cost but effective bedding or barrier materials can terminate the infiltration process once the infiltrant has migrated through the permeable mass up to the boundary between the mass and the bedding material.

Abstract: The object of the present invention relates to a plated steel material and a method of production the same, having enhanced corrosion resistance and workability required for outdoor and exposed uses such as structures, revetments, fishing nets, fences, etc.

Abstract: A process for creating surface microporosity on a titanium (or other metal) medical device includes creating a surface oxide layer on the device; placing the device, which is connected to a negative terminal of an electrical power supply, into a calcium chloride bath; connecting the positive terminal of the power supply to an anode immersed in or containing calcium chloride thereby forming an electrolytic cell; passing current through the cell; removing the device from the bath; and cooling and rinsing the device to remove any surface salt. If necessary, the device is etched to remove metal oxide which may have formed during the cooling process. The resulting device has a microporous surface structure. Alternatively, only a designated surface portion of a medical device is made microporous, either by applying a non-oxidizing mask, removing a portion of the oxide layer, or subtracting a portion of a microporous surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and related process for immersing a moving wire within a both of molten metal is applicable to wire forming processes. A flat-bottomed tray has at one end a nozzle for dispersing molten metal across the floor of the tray, from a first end to a second end, in a sheetlike flow. The nozzle preferably includes a slot-like opening, and is associated with a chamber for receiving a supply of pressurized molten metal for discharge through the slot. The metal is discharged with sufficient velocity to create a hydraulic jump or standing wave, whereby the crest of the wave is elevated above the tray end walls. Within the wave, molten metal experiences a turbulent flow in a direction against the travel of the wire array. The wire array passes through the wave, thereby experiencing immersion while being drawn through the apparatus in a straight path without substantial declination.

Abstract: An apparatus installed in a molten metal plating line includes a blade pressed against a roll dipped in a molten metal plating bath, in which a metal strip travels. The apparatus removes substances deposited on a surface of the roll. The apparatus also includes an arm for supporting the blade, and a screw member disposed above the plating bath so as to traverse it and moving along an axis of the roll in the bath for removing substances deposited on the roll in the molten metal plating bath. Floats and/or weights are mounted on the arm so as to adjust a press force of the blade applied to the roll in the molten metal plating bath. A method for preventing the occurrence of dents on a molten-metal-plated steel strip using the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for making metal matrix composite articles such as wires and tapes. The metal matrix composites include a plurality of substantially continuous, longitudinally positioned fibers in a metal matrix. The fibers are selected from the group of ceramic fibers, boron, carbon fibers, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining device and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased ability to cool the wire with a cooling liquid, because of the increase in the surface area of the wire due to its having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles resulting from the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: A high-pressure vessel is allowed to be in an initial state, and a first chamber is disposed downward. Copper or copper alloy is placed in the first chamber, and SiC is set in a second chamber. The high-pressure vessel is tightly sealed, and then the inside of the high-pressure vessel is subjected to vacuum suction through a suction pipe. An electric power is applied to a heater to heat and melt the copper or copper alloy in the first chamber. At a stage at which the molten copper in the first chamber arrives at a predetermined temperature, the high-pressure vessel is inverted by 180 degrees to give a state in which SiC is immersed in the molten copper. An impregnating gas is introduced into the high-pressure vessel through a gas inlet pipe to apply a pressure to the inside of the high-pressure vessel. Thus, SiC is impregnated with the molten copper.

Abstract: A method of coating of steel products such as plate and sheet using an aluminum-zinc coating alloy includes modifying the coating bath with a particulate compound constituent in effective amounts to decrease the spangle facet size of the coated product, improve tension bend rust stain performance, and coated product paintability. Constituents include borides such as titanium boride and aluminum borides, carbides such as titanium carbide, and aluminides such as titanium aluminide. The method produces a coated steel product that does not require temper rolling for painting.

Abstract: A sole for a boot and the boot incorporating the sole. The sole provides the wearer of the boot with a level of protection from explosive devices triggered by the wearer stepping on or near the explosive device. The sole includes at least one layer of corrugated blast-resistant material. The corrugations provide channels that effectively channel blast gases generated by the explosion of the explosive device sidewardly and so away from the foot of the wearer of the boot. The sole further includes layers of blast-resistant material and a cocoon of material is also provided throughout the upper of the boot to provide a level of protection to the remainder of the wearer's foot.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for providing inorganic and/or organic coating compositions onto rotor cores to eliminate soldering during aluminum injection. These coatings can also be applied upon electric motor rotors and/or stators laminates as well as other electronic components such as transformers. The disclosed method provides at least one film or layer of a coating composition within channels or bar slots defined by the rotor of the electric motor core/rotor (depending upon the design of the motor the slots can be defined within the rotor or open ended along the longitudinal axis of the rotor). The coating composition is also typically applied upon all exposed surfaces of the rotor, e.g., within the channels and exterior surfaces of the rotor. The coated rotor is then contacted with a molten metal. The coating composition functions to isolate the laminates (e.g., steel) of the rotor from a molten metal (e.g.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for infiltrating a liquid composition, such as a molten metal or thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer, into a porous solid material, such as a ceramic or porous metal, by contacting the porous material with the liquid composition at a first pressure and then increasing the pressure by at least the critical capillary pressure for the liquid composition/porous solid material system to effect infiltration. The infiltrated liquid composition may then be solidified inside the porous material, such as by cooling, to produce composite materials including ceramic-metal composites as well as ceramic-polymer, metal-polymer, and metal—metal composites.

Abstract: A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is produced by rough rolling a steel, finish rolling the rough rolled steel at a temperature of Ar3 point or more, coiling the finish rolled steel at a temperature of 700° C. or less, and hot-dip galvanizing the coiled steel at a pre-plating heating temperature of Ac1 to Ac3. A continuous hot-dip galvanizing operation is performed by soaking a pickled strip at a temperature of 750 to 850° C., cooling the soaked strip to a temperature range of 600° C. or less at a cooling rate of 1 to 50° C. per second, hot-dip galvanizing the cooled strip, and cooling the galvanized strip so that the residence time at 400 to 600° C. is within 200 seconds. The steel sheet has a structure consisting essentially of ferrite and martensite.

Abstract: In a dip soldering process, solder is pumped through a nozzle outlet. Leads of a component on a circuit board are dipped into the surface of the flowing solder to solder the leads to a track on the underside of the circuit board. To prevent solder bridging between the leads, a plate is provided below the solder surface, and passes between the leads. When withdrawing the leads from the solder, the solder surface is dropped to the level of the plate, so that excess solder is drawn away from the leads, preventing solder bridging between the leads. Member may be movable to rise through the solder surface as the circuit board is raised away from the surface.

Abstract: The method for hot dip galvanizing comprises the steps of: dividing a plating vessel holding a molten metal into a plating tank and a dross removing tank; conducting hot dip galvanizing to a steel strip by immersing thereof in the molten metal bath; then transferring the molten metal bath from the plating tank to the dross removing tank; removing a dross from the molten metal bath in the dross removing tank; and recycling the molten metal bath from the dross removing tank to the plating tank through an opening located on the plating tank. The apparatus for galvanizing comprises a plating tank, a dross removing tank, a means to transfer the molten metal bath from the plating tank to the dross removing tank, and an opening located on the plating tank to recycle the molten metal bath from the dross removing tank to the plating tank.

Abstract: A non-carbon, metal-based, high temperature resistant, electrically conductive and electrochemically active anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a metal-based oxidation-resistant substrate to which an adherent multi-layer coating is applied prior to its immersion into the electrolyte and start up of the electrolysis by connection to the positive current supply. The multi-layer coating is obtainable from one or more applied layers selected from: a liquid solution, a dispersion in a liquid or a paste, a suspension in a liquid or a paste, and a pasty or non-pasty slurry, and combinations thereof, with or without heat treatment between two consecutively applied layers. At least one layer of the multi-layer coating contains a polymeric and/or a colloidal carrier. The coating is after final heat treatment electrically conductive and has during operation in the cell an electrochemically active surface for the oxidation of oxygen ions present at the surface of the anode.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a metal-carbon fiber matrix composite material which comprises removing a sizing agent from a bundle of carbon fibers, dipping the bundle of carbon fibers sequentially in an alkoxide solution and an alcohol, and then infiltrating the bundle of carbon fibers with a molten metal.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention a method is provided for forming a superconductor composite. A salt is heated to a melting temperature of the salt. Superconductor particles are added to the salt. A metal composition is added to the salt. The metal composition is decomposed into a metal substance and another substance. The metal substance plates out onto surfaces of the superconductor particles to form metal plated particles. The metal plated superconductor particles are removed from the salt.

Abstract: An apparatus and related process for immersing a moving wire within a both of molten metal is applicable to wire forming processes. A flat-bottomed tray has at one end a nozzle for dispersing molten metal across the floor of the tray, from a first end to a second end, in a sheetlike flow. The nozzle preferably includes a slot-like opening, and is associated with a chamber for receiving a supply of pressurized molten metal for discharge through the slot. The metal is discharged with sufficient velocity to create a hydraulic jump or standing wave, whereby the crest of the wave is elevated above the tray end walls. Within the wave, molten metal experiences a turbulent flow in a direction against the travel of the wire array. The wire array passes through the wave, thereby experiencing immersion while being drawn through the apparatus in a straight path without substantial declination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rigid surface reflecting electromagnetic waves, especially for antenna reflectors, electromagnetic shielding, and waveguides. According to the invention, this surface consists of an interlacement (7) of electrically conducting wires (2, 3) which consist, on the surface, of a stable metal diffusion alloy ensuring that said wires are fastened together and that said surface is rigidified.

Abstract: A method for nitriding a metallic base material at low temperatures in a salt bath containing electrolyzed titanium metal. A nitride coating of exceptional depth and hardness is obtained in a very short operating time due to the rapid nitriding process. The method is applicable to steel, titanium, aluminum and alloys thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a metallic coating on an object (4) emerging from a bath of molten metal (5). The object can for example be a wire or a plate. A magnetic field is created near the point of exit of the object. The object leaves the bath of molten metal via an exit channel (3) containing a meniscus of the said bath of molten metal. The thickness of the metallic coating is controlled as a function of the second derivative of the curve of the meniscus (6) and of a capillary number Ca representing the ratio between the viscous forces of the molten metal and the forces of surface tension at the surface of the molten metal.

Abstract: A method for coating conductive metal onto a electrode comprises a step of adhering a tape onto a first side of a tooling plate, a step of shaking electrodes to be fell into respective guiding holes of the tooling plate and to be held at first ends of the electrodes, a step of pre-pressing second ends of the electrodes in the guiding holes of the tooling plate, a step of holding the tooling plate with a vacuum holder to dip the second ends of the electrodes down into a liquid conductive metal trough, a step of re-dipping the tooling plate into the liquid conductive metal trough for modifying shapes of the first ends of the electrodes, a step of baking the second ends of the electrodes, a step of adhering another tape onto a second side of the tooling plate and removing the tape at the first ends of the electrodes, a step of pre-pressing the first ends of the electrodes, a step of holding the tooling plate with the vacuum holder to dip the first ends of the electrodes into the liquid conductive metal trough, a

Abstract: A method and a system for regenerating a metal bath contaminated by mixed crystals, particularly a tin bath (17) in a hot-dip coating process. A partial stream of the tin bath (17) is removed from the coating tank (15) and is first of all heated above its liquidus temperature in a heating unit (24). Subsequently, the tin bath is conducted over a cooling unit (27) and, while flowing through a filter (29), is cleaned of mixed crystals coming down as a result of the cooling. The filter 29 is a ceramic foam filter made of silicon carbide. Subsequently, the regenerated tin bath (17a) is heated in a melting tank to process temperature, and returned from there to the coating tank (15).

Abstract: A process in which a steel is dipped in an aluminum-based bath wherein the composition and mean temperature of the bath and the immersion temperature of the steel are adjusted to obtain, in the immersion zone of the steel, a local bath temperature and composition resulting in an equilibrium with the solid phase designated as &thgr;≡FeAl3. Dipping is performed at a temperature higher than the temperatures normally employed in the art and a coating is obtained having at the interface with the steel an alloy layer significantly smaller in thickness than the art. The coating obtained better resists cracking and corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased cooling ability of the wire with a cooling liquid because of the increase in the surface area of the wire having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during the electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles of the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: A non-carbon, metal-based slow-consumable anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium self-forms during normal electrolysis an electrochemically-active oxide-based surface layer (20). The rate of formation (35) of the layer (20) is substantially equal to its rate of dissolution (30) at the surface layer/electrolyte interface (25) thereby maintaining its thickness substantially constant, forming a limited barrier controlling the oxidation rate (35). The anode (10) usually comprises an alloy of iron with at least one of nickel, copper, cobalt or zinc which during use forms an oxide surface layer (20) mainly containing ferrite.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alloy coating which can be advantageously applied to members for high temperature apparatuses so as to prolong the service life of the members. The alloy coating comprises an alloy. This alloy comprises: at least one member, as a base, selected from the group consisting of Re, Ir, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W; and at least one alloying element for imparting corrosion resistance. A method for forming the alloy coating, and a member for high temperature apparatuses, to which the alloy coating has been applied, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased cooling ability of the wire with a cooling liquid because of the increase in the surface area of the wire having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during the electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles of the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: A molten metal is deposited on the surfaces of a metal strip by continuously dipping the metal strip in a coating bath. The metal strip is lifted at a constant speed while supported with a pair of upper and lower support rolls in the coating bath. The coating weights of the molten metal deposited on the surfaces of the metal strip are adjusted by wiping the molten metal with gases from gas wiping nozzles disposed above the surface of the coating bath.

Abstract: A rod 1 made of superconducting oxide is soaked in a molten normal conductor 2 to join the rod 1 and the normal conductor 2, whereby a superconducting oxide current lead is prepared. As a result, a contact resistance at the interface between the superconducting oxide and the normal conductor can be reduced. Consequently, Joule's heat at a current lead having a small cross sectional area can be suppressed low, which in turn realizes the reduction of the load on a freezer and the amount of evaporated cooling solvent, with respect to a superconducting coil.

Abstract: A method of providing nickel barrier end terminations for a zinc oxide semiconductor device with exposed body surfaces and end terminal regions, in which the device is controllably reacted with a nickel plating solution only on an exposed end terminal region and thereafter provided with a final tin or tin-lead termination.

Abstract: Thin, light weight bipolar plates for use in electrochemical cells are rapidly, and inexpensively manufactured in mass production by die casting, stamping or other well known methods for fabricating magnesium or aluminum parts. The use of a light metal, such as magnesium or aluminum minimizes weight and simultaneously improves both electrical and thermal conductivity compared to conventional carbon parts. For service in electrochemical cells these components must be protected from corrosion. This is accomplished by plating the surface of the light weight metal parts with a layer of denser, but more noble metal. The protective metal layer is deposited in one of several ways. One of these is deposition from an aqueous solution by either electroless means, electrolytic means, or a combination of the two. Another is deposition by electrolytic means from a non-aqueous solution, such as a molten salt.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing strip in a plant for coating strip material, in which a metal strip is taken through a container holding molten coating material that has, below the melt surface, a through channel, in which induction currents are induced by an electromagnetic travelling field in the coating material and, in interaction with the electromagnetic travelling field, generate an electromagnetic force to retain the coating material. In the region of the through channel, a controllable magnetic field superimposed on the modulation of the electromagnetic travelling field is applied, whose field strength and/or frequency are adjustable as a function of sensor-detected position of the strip in the coating channel.

Abstract: An automated system for electroless metallization of optical glass fibers, includes a plurality of spaced apart plating stations having different solutions for electroless metallization of optical fibers. A motor-driven fiber transport and dipping apparatus is used in the system for shuttling optical glass fibers to the plating stations and immersing the optical glass fibers in the solutions. A programmable controller directs the transport and dipping apparatus to the plating stations in a selected order and at selected time intervals, and directs the apparatus at each of the stations to immerse the fibers into the solutions at a selected entry rate, for a selected duration, and at a selected withdrawal rate.

Abstract: A component of an aluminium production cell, in particular a cathode or a cell lining of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of alumina in cryolite, having an aluminium-wettable refractory coating on a heat-stable baked carbon-containing body, is produced from a part-manufactured cell component which is a layered composite of two precursors. A precursor layer of the aluminium-wettable refractory coating contains at least one aluminium-wettable refractory material in particulate form, or a particulate micropyretic reaction mixture which when ignited reacts to form at least one aluminium-wettable refractory material, or a mixture thereof, and non-carbon fillers and binders. A non-baked or part-baked precursor of the heat-stable carbon-containing body comprises particulate carbon compacted with a heat-convertible binder which when subjected to heat treatment binds the particulate carbon into the heat-stable carbon-containing body of the fully-manufactured cell component.

Abstract: A cost-effective process for providing a copper-based alloy casting, which has superior wear characteristics, to a cylinder block is described. The process includes heating the copper-based alloy to a molten state for immersing the cylinder block within such, while promoting the entrained gas within the copper-based alloy to migrate in a given direction and terminate in a specified portion of the copper-based alloy to effectively control porosity. In one form, the process further includes cooling the immersed cylinder block in the given direction to effectively reduce microshrinkage of the copper-based alloy.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for hot-dip galvanizing and galvannealing which employs a bath of zinc and aluminum. Strips are immersed in the bath to produce substantially dross-free galvannealed and galvanized strips. The bath can have substantially the same effective aluminum concentration during galvannealing as during galvanizing, and the temperature set-point of the bath is at a temperature of about 440° C. to about 450° C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for metal coating of fibres (15) by liquid process, said method being particularly but not exclusively designed for coating in thick and even layers (22) with metals and metal alloys having high melting point and reactivity. Said method is characterised in that it consists in moving along the stretched fibre (15) in the liquid metal maintained in levitation in a well (1), said fibre (15) passing through orifices (6, 7) provided in the well (1) wall (3), said orifices (6, 7) being arranged on either side of the liquid metal at places where the liquid metal (10) is not in contact with said wall (3).

Abstract: A batchwise hot dip plating method is performed by dipping a metallic material in a molten metal plating bath, following fluxing by dipping the metallic material in a bath of a fused salt flux (e.g., a mixture of cryolite and one or more alkali metal chlorides and optionally aluminum fluoride) having a melting temperature at least 5.degree. C. higher than the temperature of the molten metal plating bath, which also serves to preheat the metallic material. In the case of hot dip plating with an Al--Zn alloy, particularly a Zn/55% Al/0.5-2% Si alloy, a bare spot-free plated coating having good appearance can be formed by a reduced duration of dipping in the plating bath without post-plating treatment to remove flux residues. The use of a plating tank having a cross section of a round shape such as a semicircular shape or an oblong semielliptic shape, rather than a rectangular box shape, brings about a significantly extended service life of the plating tank.

Abstract: A plurality of substrates (10) are disposed in alternation and in contact with layers (12) which constitute sources of metal-based composition, each layer comprising a majority phase formed by the metal-based composition and a minority phase suitable for forming a structure for retaining and draining the metal-based composition when it is in the molten state. The batch is heated to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the metal-based composition such that the metal-based composition in the molten state can migrate from each source through the adjacent surface of the, or each, substrate adjacent to the source towards the inside of the substrate. The invention seeks in particular to incorporate a silicon-based composition in a thermostructural composite material, in particular a carbon-carbon composite material for siliciding purposes.