Abstract: Three dimensional molded articles comprising liquid crystalline polyesters are recognized to be extremely difficult to finish such as by printing, painting, metallizing, plating, etc. An effective answer to this difficulty is provided by initially blending within the liquid crystalline polyester at least one particulate inorganic filler selected from the group consisting of Group II elements of the periodic table and oxides, sulfates, phosphates, silicates, and carbonates thereof, and elements of aluminum, silicon, tin, lead, antimony, and bismuth and oxides thereof, in an amount of 5 to 80 percent by weight; forming a molded article from the same; and contacting the resulting molded article with an acidic solution containing at least 80 percent by weight of sulfuric acid. The requisite surface modification for finishing to form a quality product is made possible.

Abstract: A continuous method of forming a repetitive pattern on a metallized film substrate is disclosed as including the steps of continuously feeding a web of metallized film substrate at a predetermined web speed, selective dry removal of predetermined metallized areas from the metallized film substrate during continuous movement thereof, and collecting metallized dust and flakes removed from the metallized film substrate during the aforementioned dry removal of predetermined metallized areas from the metallized film substrate. Unlike existing wet systems which remove metallized areas from a metallized film substrate, the present invention employs selective dry removal, along with the collection of dust, in a continuous in-line system. Following the selective removal of metallized areas from the metallized film substrate, metallized dust is collected in a closed dust removal system providing removal, transport and collection of the metallized dust in a storage unit.

Abstract: A conditioning agent is disclosed, for the pre-treatment of base materials for subsequent complete and uniform chemical metallization, characterized by a content of a quaternary organic nitrogen compound. Also disclosed is a process for the pre-treatment of base materials, employing said conditioning agent. Preferred embodiments include as active agent at least one compound of the general formula ##STR1## represents a cyclical nitrogen compound, R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl,n is 0 or 1, andX.sup.(-) is the anion of an inorganic or an organic acid.

Abstract: A process for hermetically sealing defects in a porous ceramic substrate comprising the steps of evaporating or sputtering a malleable metal layer onto the defective porous ceramic surface, swaging or smearing the malleable metal layer over the defects and depositing a second metal film over the swaged first film to provide a smooth defect free surface.

Abstract: Processes are provided for cleaning metal in preparation for painting, coating, welding or other subsequent process. The processes all include rinsing the metal with a solution of deionized water and a water soluble amine having a vapor pressure of at least about 10% of the vapor pressure of water at 20.degree. C. resulting in an essentially residue and water spot free surface promoting welding and bonding of the paint or coating thereto as well as enhancing other subsequent processes that may be scheduled therefore.

Abstract: A method of correcting a missing defect of a patterned film formed on an icle is carried out by steps of providing an operative vacuum chamber having a pin hole, positioning an area of the missing defect outside the vacuum chamber in registration with the pin hole, operating the vacuum chamber to cause therein cold cathode discharging to generate particles, and directing a stream of the particles through the pin hole onto the area of the missing defect to deposit thereon a corrective film of the particles.

Abstract: A vacuum processing method and apparatus in which a DC bias to be produced on the surfaces of substrates which are to be processed in a vacuum chamber can be mechanically and easily controlled by adjusting the position of a susceptor in respect to an electrode body, and the susceptor and other components in the vacuum chamber can be easily cleaned while maintaining a desired evacuated condition and a desired processing performance in the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of silicate glasses of controlled index of refraction involves the thermal and/or plasma processing of organo-silicon polymers. Compositions so treated evidence a suppressed index of refraction which may subsequently be increased by sintering to yield a material uniquely suited for use in fiber optic devices.

Abstract: A process for improving the adhesion of polymeric substances containing organic groups or composed of such groups to the surfaces of alkaline earth metal carbonates, which comprises applying an organic aprotic solvent solution containing at least one organosilicon compound having fluorine bonded directly to silicon and an average of not more than 1.8 SiC-bonded organic radicals per silicon atom to the surface of alkaline earth metal carbonates and removing the solvent before a polymeric substance containing organic groups is applied to the pretreated alkaline earth metal carbonate surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for antistatic treatment or pretreatment for subsequent surface-coating of materials based on polyamides, polyimides or polyamideimides, where the molded articles of the material are treated with a solution of salt mixtures comprising(a) halides of elements of main groups 1 and/or 2 of the periodic system, in particular CaCl.sub.2, MgCl.sub.2, LiCl, NaCl and/or KCl and(b)(1) salts of weak inorganic bases with strong inorganic acids, in particular AlCl.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3, TiCl.sub.4, SbCl.sub.5, CaCl.sub.2, FeCl.sub.2, CuCl.sub.2, ZnCl.sub.2 and/or MoCl.sub.5(2) and/or the chelate complexes of (b1) with Schiff bases, amines, carboxylic acids, diketones, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones and phosphines,(c) in a non-corrosive, organic swelling agent or solvent for the materials mentioned, where appropriate with the addition of water, preferably in an alcohol, at temperatures up to the boiling point of the solvents, preferably at temperatures of from -15.degree. C. to +60.

Abstract: A shaped body formed of a synthetic organic polymer is surface-treated for increasing the surface energy by a method including the steps of contacting the surface with a UV ray-absorbing organic liquid at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to swell the surface; and irradiating UV rays having wave lengths in the range of 1800-2100 .ANG. on the swollen surface.

Abstract: A method of pretreating a polyolefin for adhesive bonding. The method inves contacting the polyolefin with a non-chromate solution such as either lead dioxide, potassium iodate or ammonia persulfate in a combination of water and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for dispensing a fluid with dispersed particles therein are disclosed which include a reservoir containing the fluid and dispersed particles. The fluid is agitated to maintain dispersion of the particles. The output of the reservoir is provided through a filter to a three-way valve and pressurized as required. The common port of the three-way valve is connected to a print module controlled by a programmable controller. Bypass flow is provided to increase the flow rate through the system. The system may be operated in either the demand mode or the continuous mode.

Abstract: One or both surfaces of a polyimide sheet are uniformly and completely textured and can be coated with a layer of electroless nickel or cobalt and a subsequent layer of electrolytically applied copper yielding an adhesiveless laminate useful in the production of electronic circuitry. The surface is textured by contacting the polyimide sheet with a one-phase solution of an amine, an alkali metal hydroxide, a water miscible alcohol and water. The copper and nickel or cobalt layers of the laminate can be strongly bonded to the textured polyimide sheet to the extent that the laminate exceeds bond strength requirements as measured by current standard peel strength tests of the Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) for both initial and post solder float adhesion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a surface of a uranium and titanium alloy, and more specifically to etching the surface of said alloy for purposes of preparing said surface for nickel plating. More specifically, the process comprises chemically etching the surface of the uranium and titanium alloy with a solution comprising lithium chloride and hydrochloric acid. The process of this invention further provides for recovering the uranium dissolved in the etching solution and recycling said solution. The uranium is recovered from the etching solution by means of an ion exchange resin with the etching solution being recycled to the etching process.

Abstract: An optical information record medium is disclosed in which an optical information record layer is formed on a substrate made of a polycarbonate resin. The polycarbonate resin is purified to remove the residual chlorine in the resin enough to form the substrate containing no more than 1.0 ppm of chlorine ion. By reducing the residual chlorine ion in the polycarbonate substrate, anticorrosion characteristics of the optical information record medium are greatly improved.

Abstract: Reinforced synthetic polymer composite is treated by heating at a temperature and for a time sufficient to obtain a moisture content below that for the relative humidity level at which the composite is to be drilled and/or photoresist exposed; and then subjecting it to conditions to increase the moisture content to that for the relative humidity level of the drilling.

Abstract: A process for specially conditioning and etching a polycarbonate resin prior to metal plating to enhance the coverage and adhesiveness of metal plating to the resin. The swellant composition comprises a compound represented by the general formula,R.sub.1 (OC.sub.n H.sub.2n).sub.m O--R.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of aryl groups and alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms, n is 2 to 4 and m is 1 to 5.The swelled resin is then etched using, preferably, a highly alkaline composition such as a solution containing greater than about 100 g/l NaOH. Other etchants such as chromic acid may also be used.The resin is now ready for plating using conventional techniques.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the adhesive metallization of ceramic materials by roughening of the materials and subsequent chemical and, if necessary, galvanic metal deposition, in which the materials are treated with an alkali hydroxide solution having a temperature from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. for the roughening, and are subsequently heated to a temperature between about 300.degree. and 600.degree. C. The metal coatings provided on the ceramic materials display adhesive strengths from 3 to 5 kg/inch. Such materials find use in the fields of electrical engineering and electronics.

Abstract: A process is provided for denaturing paints which are collected in paint rooms of the type comprising a scrubber in which air charged with droplets of paint is brought into contact with a scrubbing liquid. An additive in the form of an expanded polyurethane powder is included in the scrubbing liquid. The apparatus includes an arrangement for injecting the expanded polyurethane powder into the scrubbing liquid at the top of the scrubber.

Abstract: Predetermined desired areas of solvent-insoluble parylene coatings are removed from substrates made of materials such as plastics, metals, composites, or ceramics by contacting the areas to be removed with a substance that causes the parylene coating to loosen from the substrate sufficiently to permit physical removal, as by peeling or scraping. The substance used is tetrahydrofuran alone, or in combination with a carrier that does not react with the tetrahydrofuran, the parylene, or the substrate, and that makes the mixture sufficiently viscous for application to desired coating areas without affecting other areas contiguous thereto.

Abstract: A method for artificially ageing wood in which the surface of the wood is subjected to the action of at least one jet of high velocity, high temperature gas, whereby the surface of the wood is scorched, and wherein a lacquer is subsequently applied to the treated surface.

Abstract: The use of modifiers such as disulfides and phosphines is particularly effective in modifying the properties of metals such as noble metals and silver. For example, disulfides are useful for modifying the properties of gold and silver while phosphines are useful for metals such as platinum and palladium. Through treatment with a suitable modifier it is possible to change properties such as the wetting and adhesion properties of the treated metal. Additionally, the use of modifiers to treat a desired substrate enhances formation of continuous metal films on this substrate.

Abstract: An alumina formed body comprising many long alumina elements oriented in random directions and interconnected so as to constitute a porous matrix comprising a large number of fine pores. Such a body is manufactured by reacting a glass-formed body comprising silica with aluminum at high temperature to form an alumina composite material comprising alumina, aluminum and silicon and removing aluminum and silicon from the aluminum composite material.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process to produce composite polymeric materials and an article having an adherent surface layer. More specifically, the invention describes a process for producing a modifying adherent layer on a passive polymeric material, the layer comprising a fluorinated ester substituted alkoxy cellulose having, on the average, between about 1.0 to 2.99 of the three reactive hydroxyl groups of each glucose unit present as alkoxy groups, and the remainder of between about 0.01 to 2.00 of the reactive hydroxyl groups of each glucose unit present as a fluoroester group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is branched perfluoroalkyl comprising 3 to 20 carbon atoms; or --(CF.sub.2).sub.n CF.sub.

Abstract: In order to apply "hot melt" adhesives to thin plastic film labels for glass containers without distorting the labels, a "hot melt" adhesive which is thixotropic is melted at 350.degree. F. and is continuously worked to maintain its viscosity at a fairly low level while being cooled to about 110.degree. F., at which time it is applied to the label. The label is applied to the glass bottle and the resultant labeled bottle will have the property of being able to withstand pasteurization temperatures, as well as refrigeration temperatures, without having the label separate from the bottle.

Abstract: A substrate is prepared for subsequent electroless deposition of a metal by contacting the substrate with a surfactant and with an organic carboxylic acid, and subsequently contacting the substrate with sulfuric acid.

Abstract: An improved alkaline permanganate composition for etching printed circuit boards is provided by incorporating a secondary oxidant in the solution capable of oxidizing manganate ion to permanganate ion.

Abstract: A sheet metal enclosure is used for spray painting automobiles and for heat curing the paint. A fan draws filtered air through the enclosure. An air supply permits spray painting. Quartz tube radiant heaters are mounted flush with the interior walls of the enclosure for heating the painted vehicle. A safety interlock prevents simultaneous enablement of the sprayer and heaters. Further, there is a first time delay before the air supply is enabled to assure that the heaters are cool before spraying paint, and a second time delay before the heaters are energized to permit the fan to exhaust paint fumes before applying heat.

Abstract: A unique inverse processed film resistance heater structure is disclosed. A conventional passivation wear layer is deposited directly on a first substrate, followed by the deposition and patterning of resistive and conductive layers, and covered by an isolation layer and a thick support layer. The thick support layer is then bonded to a second substrate and the first substrate is removed so that a uniform, flat passivation layer is exposed. The result is a film resistor which has a reduced failure rate as compared to the prior art because it is covered by a passivation wear layer with fewer pin-holes and reduced stress.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline cleaning composition and process for cleaning aluminum container surfaces in a manner to inhibit objectionable white-etch staining during prolonged cleaning cycles and brown oxide discoloration during prolonged rinse cycles in which the cleaning solution contains an alkalinity agent or agents present in an amount sufficient to remove aluminum fines from the surfaces thereof, a complexing agent present in an amount to complex at least some of the metal ions in the cleaning solution which tend to form insoluble precipitates and at least one surfactant present in an amount sufficient to remove organic soils from the surfaces being cleaned and to suppress the formation of white-etch staining of the surfaces during prolonged cleaning cycles. The surfactant or blend of surfactants employed are further characterized by at least one having a Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB ratio) of at least about 12.

Abstract: Dispensable medical electrodes formed as separable segments of an indefinitely long substrate are formed by applying to the substrate a longitudinally extending stripe of a conductive paint and by overlaying the painted stripe at periodic intervals corresponding to the separable segments with films of a conductive adhesive material which films generally traverse the width of the substrate. After conditioning the conductive adhesive films to a desired moisture content, the substrate is rolled spirally upon itself and stored in an electrode dispenser device. Two types of dispenser device are disclosed. In one type, the dispenser confines a humidity control solution which maintains substantially constant the moisture content of the conductive adhesive films. The second type of dispenser device confines an activating solution which is applied to the conductive adhesive films located on the electrode segments as the electrode segments are dispensed.

Abstract: An electrically insulating laminate paper for an electric apparatus to be wound in a wet state on a conductive material and thereafter impregnated with oil, which is characterized by that water drops having a wide particle size distribution are scattered on the surface of the electrically insulating laminate paper comprising an integrated assembly composed of a plastic film and fiber papers bonded to each other to moisten said fiber papers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rejuvenating magnetic toner used in certain electrostatic copying machines. The used toner is placed in a container which is inserted in an air coil which is energized to produce a magnetic field which remagnetizes the toner. The coil is provided by mounting a hollow non-magnetic tube in a case and winding this tube with wire. A timing circuit energized by a momentary switch determines the length of time a magnetic field is applied to the toner being recycled.

Abstract: A composition and method of using thereof for enhancing the tactile characteristics of leather covered handles. The composition comprises an antiperspirant, a nonionic polymeric ethoxylate surfactant and solvent, and is applied to the leather which is subsequently dried with a cloth. The composition may also be applied to the hands of one about to use the handles, and the solvent permitted to evaporate therefrom.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for masking from treatment selected surfaces of a turbine blade. The blade is positioned in an apparatus which includes a holder enclosing the airfoil section of the blade and a distinct spaced apart mask member elastically secured to the holder and having a deformable surface covering a surface of the blade spaced from the airfoil.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting oxidation of copper electrodes of a ceramic capacitor, comprising the step of subjecting copper films formed by an electroless plating process or the like and serving as opposed electrodes of a ceramic capacitor to a hydrocarbon halide compound including trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, freon, chlorobenzene, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or the like.

Abstract: A halogen cycle incandescent lamp with a bulb of soft glass, the inner suce of the bulb being depleted of alkali ions to avoid a reaction between the halogen constituents of the filling gas and the alkali constituents of the bulb glass. The vacancies thus generated in the glass lattice may be filled by replacement ions such as Li, Mg, Ca and/or the bulb may be coated with a protective layer of a metal and/or semi-metal oxide such as SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3. The sodium ions are removed from the bulb glass by preferably hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide gas which acts on the bulb at a temperature between 500.degree. C. and the softening point of the glass. The vacancies are filled by bringing the inner surface of the bulb in contact with molten salts or solutions of salts of Li, Mg or Ca. The protective layer is applied by introducing a metal halide and/or semi-metal halide e.g., TiCl.sub.4 or SiCl.sub.4 into the bulb which forms metal oxide and/or semi-metal oxide e.g., TiO.sub.2 or SiO.sub.

Abstract: During the pre-soldering of printed circuit boards, as a rule, also the drill holes or bores and, in particular, the through-metallized drill holes are filled in an undesirable manner with solder. This solder must be removed before mounting the electrical components or elements upon the printed circuit boards. A simple method is disclosed for this purpose, affording a faultless de-soldering of the drill holes, without deleteriously affecting the properties of the solder material. The printed circuit boards, in a condition where the solder applied during the pre-soldering operation is still molten, are accelerated at least once and thereafter suddenly brought to standstill in such a fashion that the excess solder is knocked or propelled out of the drill holes.

Abstract: Fibers coated with polymer are prepared by adding the polymer to a fiber material, typically cellulose pulp, and subjecting the fiber material with the added polymer to impact of grinding forces in a defibrator, typically a hammer mill. The resulting fibers are very efficiently coated with the polymer and are suitable as binder fibers in fibrous materials consisting completely or partially of the coated fibers bonded through the polymer, and as reinforcing fibers in fiber-reinforced cement products. The polymer is preferably applied as a hot melt, and the defibration is performed immediately after the application.

Abstract: In a method for reflow of a phosphosilicate glass (PSG) layer applied to a semiconductor wafer, the wafer is placed in a processing chamber in parallel alignment with a planar blackbody source. The chamber is evacuated, and the source rapidly and uniformly heats the PSG layer to a temperature at which plastic flow occurs. The blackbody source provides significant radiation in the 7-10 micron portion of the infrared spectrum. The thermal treatment is typically completed in 8-15 seconds, thereby avoiding impurity redistribution in the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for keeping a part such as a motor vehicle body wet between preparation stations during preparation for painting by placing the part in an atmosphere of wet vapor. In one embodiment, the part is placed in an enclosure between preparation stations, into which enclosure saturated vapor at a pressure of about 3.5 bars is introduced. The pressure within the chamber is essentially ambient pressure so that the pressurized saturated vapor expands to ambient pressure in the enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating the surface of a polymer web comprising:(1) heating a polymer web by vacuum glow discharge treatment; and(2) cooling the resulting polymer web of step (1) at a higher temperature than the glass transition point of the polymer such that T.sub.n .gtoreq.T.sub.n-1 -40, wherein n is a positive integer, T.sub.0 is the initial temperature (.degree.C.) of the polymer web immediately after the vacuum glow discharge treatment of step (1) and T.sub.n is the temperature (.degree.C.) of the polymer web that has been drawn past the nth cooling roll.

Abstract: A process for the pretreatment of a polyolefin product before coating consisting essentially of the steps of treating the surface of the polyolefin product before coating using an organic solvent having a solubility parameter (SP value) equal or similar to that of the polyolefin and subsequently applying a plasma treating thereto in the presence of an active gas by microwave treating the active gas under vacuum. As a result of the process, the surface of the polyolefin product is activated and the adhesion of the coating film is improved.

Abstract: Rust is removed from metal surfaces by applying a coating of an aqueous solution of a copolymer of maleic acid and monomer of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR wherein R represents H, CH.sub.3, OR.sup.1 or OCOR.sup.1 and R.sup.1 represents CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3. The rust becomes incorporated into the coating during drying and the coating detaches itself from the metal surface for easy removal.

Abstract: A surface of the thermoplastic polyester film which has stickiness after having been heated is treated with a monocarboxylic acid so as to convert hydroxyl groups on the film surface into corresponding ester groups by reaction with the acid. Further, the film surface is treated with a monohydric alcohol so as to convert carboxyl groups on the film surface into corresponding ester groups by reaction with the alcohol. Thus, the stickiness on the film surface is eliminated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a food package and more particularly to an improved snack food package. The package comprises an outer layer of polypropylene, a polyvinylidene chloride middle layer and an inner ionomer resin layer. The invention also comprises an unique method for making the snack food package which includes a plurality of steps especially adapted to provide the required lamination between the layers.

Abstract: A process for producing photographic paper comprising bleaching a paper web containing from 0 to 65% by weight water is disclosed.

Abstract: Rust is removed from metal surfaces by applying a coating of an aqueous solution of vinylpyrrolidone/maleic acid copolymer. The rust becomes incorporated into the coating during drying and the coating detaches itself from the metal surface for easy removal.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of paper or parchment to remove mildew or other stains therefrom consisting in passing, for a predetermined period of time, ozone over the paper or parchment in a bleaching chamber after said paper or parchment has been thoroughly wetted and subsequently giving it an inhibitory treatment to raise the Ph value that the paper or parchment enjoyed before treatment to a higher value such that it prevents the mildew or stains reappearing.