Abstract: Provided is a metal-air battery and a method of using the same that make it possible to simplify replacement work while also sustaining high output effectively. The metal-air battery of the present invention comprises a cell unit provided with a plurality of metal-air battery cells in parallel, each metal-air battery cell being configured to include a metal electrode, an air electrode disposed facing the metal electrode, and a housing that supports the metal electrode and the air electrode. The metal-air battery also comprises handles for example that act as a first replacing means enabling the replacement of the entire cell unit. With this arrangement, it is possible to simplify replacement work while also sustaining high output effectively.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a cell, a cell stack, an electrochemical module and an electrochemical apparatus that can suppress decrease in output power. [Solution] A cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte layer 9, a first electrode layer 8 on one of the main surfaces of the electrolyte layer 9, and an second electrode layer 10 on the other. The second electrode layer 10 contains a plurality of pores, and the pore size distribution observed at a section of the second electrode layer has at least three peaks (a first peak p1, a second peak p2 and a third peak p3). This structure leads to a cell, a cell stack, an electrochemical module and an electrochemical apparatus that can suppress decrease in output power.

Abstract: An elevated target amount of electrolyte is used to initially fill a molten carbonate fuel cell that is operated under carbon capture conditions. The increased target electrolyte fill level can be achieved in part by adding additional electrolyte to the cathode collector prior to start of operation. The increased target electrolyte fill level can provide improved fuel cell performance and lifetime when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high current density with a low-CO2 content cathode input stream and/or when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high CO2 utilization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling a vehicle in association with a descent, the vehicle having a powertrain comprising: a drive unit configured to provide propulsion power; an auxiliary brake device; and a first cooling circuit comprising a first coolant; wherein the drive unit and the auxiliary brake device are arranged to be selectively connected or disconnected with/from the first cooling circuit, wherein the drive unit has a first maximum temperature and the auxiliary brake device has a second maximum temperature higher than the first maximum temperature, the method comprising: controlling the drive unit to reduce the provided propulsion power when the vehicle is approaching an upcoming descent, which fulfils predetermined criteria; disconnecting the drive unit from the first cooling circuit; connecting the auxiliary brake device with the first cooling circuit; and controlling the auxiliary brake device to brake to vehicle down the descent.

Abstract: Methods and systems for thermal management of components of a data processing system that may be used to provide computer implemented services are disclosed. The disclosed thermal management method and systems may improve the likelihood of data processing systems providing desired computer implemented services by improving the likelihood that desired power is provided by power supplies. To improve the likelihood of power supplies providing desired power, the power supplies may proactively take into account the thermal environment and/or thermal states of components of the power supply.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that raises temperature of fuel cells by supplying heated air to the fuel cells during starting up period. The fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cells, a fuel supply path connected parallelly to the fuel cells to provide fuel thereto, an air supply path connected serially to the fuel cells to provide air thereto, a heat exchanger arranged in the fuel supply path to heat air or fuel, an air heat exchanger arranged in the air supply path to heat air; and a connection path connecting a position of the air supply path upstream to the air heat exchanger with a position of the fuel supply path upstream to the heat exchanger. A first control valve is arranged in the air supply path for controlling the air flowing into to the air heat exchanger. A second control valve arranged in the connection path for controlling the air flowing into the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method that can efficiently dissolve a water-soluble component contained in a gas with smaller energy consumption is provided. A mist is produced from a liquid. The mist and carrier air is mixed to produce mist-containing air. A solution gas and the mist-containing air are supplied to a static mixer. The solution gas and the mist-containing are mixed by using the static mixer. The liquid mist is brought in contact with the solution gas to dissolve a water-soluble component that is contained in the solution gas into the liquid mist. The liquid mist that contains the water-soluble component dissolved aggregates and produces a solution that contains the water-soluble component dissolved.

Abstract: A reforming element for a molten carbonate fuel cell stack and corresponding methods are provided that can reduce or minimize temperature differences within the fuel cell stack when operating the fuel cell stack with enhanced CO2 utilization. The reforming element can include at least one surface with a reforming catalyst deposited on the surface. A difference between the minimum and maximum reforming catalyst density and/or activity on a first portion of the at least one surface can be 20% to 75%, with the highest catalyst densities and/or activities being in proximity to the side of the fuel cell stack corresponding to at least one of the anode inlet and the cathode inlet.

Abstract: An anion exchange membrane is made by mixing 2 trifluoroMethyl Ketone [nominal] (1.12 g, 4.53 mmol), 1 BiPhenyl (0.70 g, 4.53 mmol), methylene chloride (3.0 mL), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) (3.0 mL) to produce a pre-polymer. The pre-polymer is then functionalized to produce an anion exchange polymer. The pre-polymer may be functionalized with trimethylamine in solution with water. The pre-polymer may be imbibed into a porous scaffold material, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene to produce a composite anion exchange membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a first temperature sensor configured to acquire a first temperature that is a temperature of the fuel cell, a plurality of accessories that is used to operate the fuel cell, a second temperature sensor configured to acquire a second temperature that is a temperature of at least any one of the plurality of accessories, and a controller configured to perform control on the plurality of accessories to execute a warming-up operation of the fuel cell. The controller is configured to execute the warming-up operation when any of a first condition that the first temperature is lower than a predetermined first threshold temperature and a second condition that the first temperature is equal to or higher than the first threshold temperature and the second temperature is lower than a predetermined second threshold temperature is satisfied.

Abstract: An illustrative example fuel cell reactant flow control valve assembly includes a pneumatic valve configured to allow reactant flow when the pneumatic valve is in an open condition and to prevent reactant flow when the pneumatic valve is in a closed condition. A control valve selectively allows a pressure of the reactant to provide pneumatic pressure to maintain the pneumatic valve in the open condition. The control valve selectively vents the pneumatic pressure reservoir to control a rate at which the pneumatic pressure decreases and a rate at which the pneumatic valve changes from the open condition to the closed condition.

Abstract: A vehicle control device for a vehicle includes a processor. The vehicle includes a first battery, a second battery, an auxiliary load powered by the second battery, and a DC-to-DC converter configured to supply electric power from the first battery to either the second battery or the auxiliary load, or to both of the second battery or the auxiliary load. The processor is configured to: determine the state of a start switch and the boarding state of the vehicle; acquire the voltage of the second battery; and when the processor determines that the vehicle is in a non-started on-board state, determine based on the voltage of the second battery an order in which the DC-to-DC converter and the auxiliary load are driven. The non-started on-board state is a state in which the start switch is off and a user is presumed to be in the vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (24) for a vehicle electrical system of an electrically driven motor vehicle (42), comprising: a high-voltage battery (26) for supplying power to an electrical drive machine (28) of the motor vehicle (42); a range extender (22), which is designed to charge the high-voltage battery (26) and which has a plurality of identical fuel-cell base modules (10) having interfaces for supplying reactants in the form of hydrogen and air; a switching device (32) for connecting the range extender (22), the circuit arrangement (42) having no DC-to-DC converter; a control device (36) which is designed to carry out the following steps after the control device has received an activation signal regarding the range extender (22): determining an operating point of the range extender (22) in dependence on at least one variable of the high-voltage battery (26); defining a setpoint value regarding the supply of the reactants to the fuel-cell base modules (10) and/or a setpoint value rega

Abstract: A fuel cell system including: a fuel cell group; a refrigerant distribution passage; a pre-distribution refrigerant flow rate acquiring unit configured to acquire a first outlet temperature flow rate; a first outlet temperature detecting unit that is configured to detect a first outlet temperature; a voltage acquiring unit configured to acquire at least a first voltage that is a voltage of the first fuel cell; a current acquiring unit configured to acquire at least a first current; and a controller that calculates a first individual supply flow rate of the first fuel cell on the basis of the first voltage, the first current, and the first outlet temperature, and calculates a second individual supply flow rate of at least one second fuel cell other than the first fuel cell on the basis of the first individual supply flow rate and the pre-distribution refrigerant flow rate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for controlling a fuel cell vehicle capable of informing a user outside of the vehicle of the possibility that the fuel stops power generation and external power-feeding stops, whereby problems due to unexpected stopping of power feeding can be avoided. In a method for controlling a fuel cell vehicle 100 including an external power-feeding device 50, when it is determined that a state of a fuel cell exceeds a limiting point where deterioration of the fuel cell 20 or a failure of a driving device to supply fuel to the fuel cell 20 occurs during external power feeding, warning is issued to outside of the vehicle 10 before the fuel cell 20 stops power generation.

Abstract: A method for an assemble system that assembles insulation plates and mounting bars to a stack, includes moving the stack pressed by a stack pressing device to an outside thereof; attaching, a insulation plate attaching device, the insulation plates to the stack; attaching, by a mounting bar attaching device, the mounting bars that is configured to fix the insulation plates to the stack; and assembling, by a bolt assembling device, bolts configured to fix the mounting bars to the stack.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using fuel cell staging to reduce or minimize variations in current density when operating molten carbonate fuel cells with elevated CO2 utilization. The fuel cell staging can mitigate the amount of alternative ion transport that occurs when operating molten carbonate fuel cells under conditions for elevated CO2 utilization.

Abstract: Thermoresponsive composite switch (TRCS) membranes for ion batteries include a porous scaffolding providing ion channels and a thermoresponsive polymer coating. Boron nitride nanotube (BNNT)/polymer composite TRCS membrane embodiments are preferable due to unique BNNT properties. A BNNT scaffold coated with one or more polymers may form a composite separator with tunable porosity (porosity level and pore size distribution), composition, wettability, and superior electronic isolation, oxidative/reduction resistance, and mechanical strength. The BNNT/polymer composite TRCS membrane optimizes the performance of ion batteries with tunable separator thicknesses that may be under 5 ???. Nano-scale porosity with thin separator thicknesses improves the charge density of the battery. Nano-scale architecture allows for reversible localized switching on the nano scale, in proximity to thermally stressed ion substrates.

Abstract: An elevated target amount of electrolyte is used to initially fill a molten carbonate fuel cell that is operated under carbon capture conditions. The increased target electrolyte fill level can be achieved in part by adding additional electrolyte to the cathode collector prior to start of operation. The increased target electrolyte fill level can provide improved fuel cell performance and lifetime when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high current density with a low-CO2 content cathode input stream and/or when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high CO2 utilization.

Abstract: An anion exchange membrane is made by mixing 2 trifluoroMethyl Ketone [nominal] (1.12 g, 4.53 mmol), 1 BiPhenyl (0.70 g, 4.53 mmol), methylene chloride (3.0 mL), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) (3.0 mL) to produce a pre-polymer. The pre-polymer is then functionalized to produce an anion exchange polymer. The pre-polymer may be functionalized with trimethylamine in solution with water. The pre-polymer may be imbibed into a porous scaffold material, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene to produce a composite anion exchange membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved metal supported solid oxide fuel cell unit, fuel cell stacks, fuel cell stack assemblies, and methods of manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved metal supported solid oxide fuel cell unit, fuel cell stacks, fuel cell stack assemblies, and methods of manufacture.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells to allow for periodic regeneration of the fuel cells while performing elevated CO2 capture. In some aspects, periodic regeneration can be achieved by shifting the location within the fuel cells where the highest density of alternative ion transport is occurring. Such a shift can result in a new location having a highest density of alternative ion transport, while the previous location can primarily transport carbonate ions. Additionally or alternately, periodic regeneration can be performed by modifying the input flows to the fuel cell and/or relaxing the operating conditions of the fuel cell to reduce or minimize the amount of alternative ion transport.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell; a combustor configured to combust a fuel and an oxidizing gas to supply a combustion gas to a cathode inlet of the fuel cell; a combustion fuel supply device configured to supply a fuel to the combustor; a combustion oxidizing gas supply device configured to supply an oxidizing gas to the combustor; an anode-discharged-gas discharge passage configured to discharge an anode discharged gas from an anode outlet of the fuel cell; a cathode-discharged-gas discharge passage configured to discharge a cathode discharged gas from a cathode outlet of the fuel cell; and a controller configured to control a supply of the fuel to the combustor by the combustion fuel supply device and a supply of the oxidizing gas to the combustor by the combustion oxidizing gas supply device, wherein the controller includes a post-stop-request combustor-supply control unit configured to execute the supply of the fuel and the supply of the oxidizing gas to the combustor after a request for sto

Abstract: Embodiments provide a redox flow battery, an ion exchange membrane for use in the redox flow battery and a method for producing the ion exchanger membrane. The ion exchange membrane includes a base layer, a first hydrophobic layer, and a second hydrophobic layer. The base layer includes sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone). The base layer has a first surface and a second surface. The first hydrophobic layer includes a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The first hydrophobic layer is positioned on the first surface of the base layer. The second hydrophobic layer includes the polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The second hydrophobic layer is positioned on the second surface of the base layer. The ion exchange membrane is configured to prevent cross contamination of the first electrolyte and the second electrolyte. The redox flow battery includes a first half-cell, a second half-cell, and the ion exchange membrane. The first half-cell includes a first electrolyte. The second half-cell includes a second electrolyte.

Abstract: A stainless steel substrate used for a fuel cell separator that is excellent in corrosion resistance is disclosed. The embodiments relate to a stainless steel substrate used for a fuel cell separator, comprising substantially no Nb, and comprising Ti.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biphasic electrically conductive perovskite-based mixed oxide of the structure ABO3 with A=Ba, and B=Co, comprising additionally 5-45 at %, preferably 15 to 30 at %, particularly preferably 25 at % Co3O4 (at % Co based on the total number of Co atoms in the perovskite ABO3 and 0.5 to 0.3 at %, preferably 1 to 2.5 at %, particularly preferably 2 at % (wherein the at % are referred to the total number of B cations in the perovskite ABO3) Ti as dopant. Preferably, the mixed oxide has the stoichiometric formula BaCo1?xTixO3??:Co3O4 with x=0.005 to 0.03, preferably x=0.01 to 0.025, particularly preferably x=0.02, wherein ? defines the vacancies in the perovskite structure and is in the range of about 0.1 to 0.8, preferably 0.3 to 0.7, particularly preferably about 0.5 to 0.6.

Abstract: A method for preparing a flexible membrane-free and wire-shaped fuel cell is provided. A carbon nanotube sheet is twisted and loaded with a catalyst to obtain a (CNT)@Fe3[Co(CN)6]2 cathode electrode; the carbon nanotube sheet is twisted and coated with a nickel powder to obtain a CNT@nickel particle anode electrode; and the (CNT)@Fe[Co(CN)6]2 cathode electrode, the CNT@nickel particle anode electrode, and a fuel electrolyte of H2O2 are integrated in a silicone tube to obtain a flexible membrane-free and wire-shaped fuel cell. The flexible membrane-free and wire-shaped fuel cell of the present invention can generate an open-circuit voltage of 0.88 V, while having very good flexibility, and can be woven into textiles such as clothes, thereby having great application prospects in the field of portable energy supply.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel cell stack is described. The fuel cell stack includes a cathode, an anode, a sump configured for collecting water from the anode, and a temporarily disabled drain valve that is otherwise configured to transition from a first position to a second position and thereby modulate water drained from the sump. The method includes increasing a first pressure in the anode via a controller. The method also includes, concurrent to increasing, decreasing a second pressure in the cathode via the controller and, concurrent to decreasing, maintaining a relative humidity of less than a threshold relative humidity in the cathode via the controller.

Abstract: A method of controlling energy in a datacenter includes receiving a fuel cell operating percentage of an operating capacity of the fuel cell, receiving a fuel cell exhaust temperature, receiving a hot aisle air temperature from a hot aisle of a server computer, determining a temperature delta between the hot aisle air temperature and the fuel cell exhaust temperature, and then allocating virtual machine placements to change a server user percentage relative to a server user capacity percentage target value to optimize the fuel cell operating percentage relative to the fuel cell efficiency target value, the temperature delta relative to the thermoelectric generator efficiency target value, and the server user percentage relative to the server user capacity percentage target value.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell system and method, the system including a hotbox containing a fuel cell stack, a fuel supply configured to provide a fuel to the fuel cell stack, and a blower configured to provide air to the fuel cell stack. During a shutdown operation, the blower is configured to cool the fuel cell stack at a rate ranging from about 0.75° C./min to about 3.0° C./min, until the temperature of the fuel cell stack is reduced to a temperature at which oxidation of anodes of the fuel cell stack is substantially prevented.

Abstract: An external power supply system of a fuel cell vehicle is provided. The system includes a fuel cell and a high voltage battery that is connected to the fuel cell via a main bus terminal A charging/discharging unit executes charging or discharging of the high voltage battery. A power supply line is branched from the main bus terminal and connected to a load outside the vehicle to supply power of the fuel cell or the high voltage battery to the load outside the vehicle. A controller operates the fuel cell and the charging/discharging unit based on a magnitude in power supplied to the load outside the vehicle and a state of charge (SOC) of the high voltage battery.

Abstract: The present specification relates to an electrolyte membrane, a fuel cell including the same, a battery module including the fuel cell, and a method for manufacturing the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: The present specification relates to composite metal oxide particles manufactured by reacting two or more metal oxides and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A fuel cell system in a vehicle has a cathode and an anode. A compressor has an inlet and an outlet, the outlet being configured to outlet a compressed air from the compressor. A bypass line is configured to return the compressed air from the outlet to the inlet such that the air returns to the compressor in a loop. A valve is located downstream of the compressor and is operable in a plurality of modes. In a first mode, the valve is configured to block the air from the cathode and return the air via the bypass line. In a second mode, the valve is configured to direct at least some of the air to the cathode. The valve can also be configured to operate in a third mode in which the air is sent to the cathode without going through the bypass line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electricity generating electrochemical device of the solid-oxide fuel-cell stack type. The device includes a planar assembly having at least one electrochemical cell comprised between first and second gas diffusing plates made of ceramic of expansion coefficient between 8×10?6 K?1 and 10×10?6 K?1 and drilled with equidistant holes. First and second current conductive metal grids each are connected to a conductive wire allowing current to flow out of the device. The grilles are placed on either side of the at least one electrochemical cell between this cell and each of the first and second gas diffusing plates. A clamping device mechanically holds the planar assembly together.

Abstract: A first representative value is acquired representing an amount of liquid water in a hydrogen gas passage (30) when a fuel cell stack (10) is to be started up. Based on the first representative value, a first purge gas amount is calculated. A second representative value is acquired representing a concentration of hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas passage when the fuel cell stack is to be started up. Based on the second representative value, a second purge gas amount is calculated. The greater of the first purge gas amount and the second purge gas amount is set as a startup purge gas amount. When the fuel cell stack is to be started up, hydrogen gas is fed to the fuel cell stack while the purge control valve 38 is temporally opened to purge the gas by the startup purge gas amount.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprises a controller configured to: (i) calculate a torque target value of a compressor and an opening position target value of a pressure regulation valve from a flow rate target value of a cathode gas and a pressure target value of a cathode gas flow path, the flow rate target value of the cathode gas and the pressure target value being determined according to a required power output of a fuel cell stack; (ii) calculate a torque feedback value of the compressor from a difference between a flow rate measurement value and the flow rate target value of the cathode gas, and control the compressor using a torque command value obtained by adding the torque target value and the torque feedback value; and (iii) calculate an opening position feedback value of the pressure regulation valve from a difference between a pressure measurement value and the pressure target value of the cathode gas flow path, and control an opening position of the pressure regulation valve using an opening position comm

Abstract: A control method and system of a fuel cell system is provided. The control method includes detecting, by a controller, a voltage of a fuel cell stack when power generation of a fuel cell is stopped while a fuel cell vehicle is being driven. In addition, hydrogen supply pressure at an anode side is adjusted based on a variation in the detected voltage.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel cell system including a fuel feeder supplying fuel, a reformer producing a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction, a fuel cell which includes a cathode and an anode, a combustor which combusts an anode off-gas discharged from the anode to produce a combustion gas, a temperature detector detecting the temperature of the combustion gas, and a storage device storing a preset target temperature profile, the target temperature profile including the temporal change in target temperature of the combustion gas in the operation of the fuel cell system, includes controlling the flow rate of the fuel supplied from the fuel feeder to the reformer in the operation such that the temperature detected by the temperature detector becomes equal to a target temperature determined on the basis of the target temperature profile.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a first fuel cell layer and second fuel cell layer. Each fuel cell layer includes a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies arranged in a planar shape. Each membrane electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane, an anode disposed on one surface of the electrolyte membrane, and a cathode disposed on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane. Each fuel cell layer also includes interconnectors each of which electrically connects the anode of one of adjacent membrane electrode assemblies to the cathode of the other. The first fuel cell layer and second fuel cell layer are arranged so that one polarity of each membrane electrode assembly of the first fuel cell layer is opposed to the same polarity of each membrane electrode assembly of the second fuel cell layer.

Abstract: A galley system comprises at least one electrically operated galley device, at least one fuel cell, a plurality of compartments for housing the galley devices, and an air extraction means. At least one of the plurality of compartments comprises at least one air extraction port couplable with the air extraction means. The at least one compartment is adapted for housing at least one of the at least one fuel cell and for removing at least a part of heat emanated from the at least one fuel cell through the air extraction means. At least one of the at least one electrically operated galley device is electrically couplable with the at least one fuel cell unit.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack including a plurality of fuel cells, each end of the fuel cell stack having a heater plate disposed between a current collector plate and an end plate, each heater plate being thermally insulated from a respective end plate, wherein each heater plate comprises a heating element in the form of an electrically conductive track; and, wherein the heater plate comprises a pair of terminals extending from an edge of the heater plate, the terminals being separated by an air gap.

Abstract: A system and methods are provided for testing anode integrity during vehicle operation. In one particular example, the system and methods allow for anode leak tests during vehicle operation by temporarily reducing fuel cell power while supplementing the fuel cell power reduction with battery power to meet operating demands. In this way, an anode leak test can be performed even during highway driving when operating demands may be particularly high.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a fuel-cell stack that has a laminate including of a plurality of fuel cells that are laminated together. In each of these fuel cells, an MEA has an anode and a cathode joined respectively to the two sides of an electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between a pair of separators. The aforementioned method has the following steps: a sealing member layout step, in which fuel cells with sealing members applied at least between adjacent fuel cells are laminated together, forming a fuel cell module; and a pressure application step, in which pressure is applied to the fuel cell module in the lamination direction of the fuel cells, forming sealed regions from the sealing members. The lamination-direction thickness of the fuel cell module is controlled by controlling the amount of pressure applied to the fuel cell module in the pressure application step.

Abstract: A flow cell includes a separator and anode that define a flow cavity. The flow cell also includes an electrically conductive corrugated flow screen disposed within the cavity and electrically connected with the anode such that the flow screen, during charge, provides an electric shield to hinder deposition of metal between the anode and flow screen and to promote deposition of metal between the separator and flow screen.

Abstract: A self-powered processing device comprises both a processing device and a power generator that are physically, electrically, and thermally coupled to one another. The power generator can be a fuel cell that can be manufactured from materials that can also support processing circuitry, such as silicon-based materials. A thermal coupling between the power generator and the processing device can include a thermoelectric either generating electrical power from the temperature differential or consuming electrical power to generate a temperature differential. A computing device with self-powered processing devices also includes energy storage devices to store excess energy produced by the self-powered processing device and provide it back during times of need. The self-powered processing device comprises either a wireless or wired network connection, the latter being connectable to a slot on a backplane that can aggregate multiple self-powered processing devices and provide fuel delivery paths for them.

Abstract: A charging system of an electric vehicle includes a drive battery storing electric power for driving a motor of the electric vehicle, a heater heating the drive battery, an electric power supply device converting electric power supplied from outside the electric vehicle and supplying the electric power to the drive battery or the heater, a contactor activating or deactivating a connection between the drive battery and the electric power supply device, temperature detector detecting a temperature of the drive battery, and controller controlling the contactor and the heater based on the temperature. The controller controls the contactor so as to deactivate the connection and conducts electricity to the heater when the temperature is less than a first predetermined temperature, and controls the contactor so as to activate the connection when the temperature is the first predetermined temperature or greater.

Abstract: Disclosed is a durable solid oxide fuel cell that is less likely to have a problem of a conventional solid oxide fuel cell that an air electrode containing a peroviskite oxide, when exposed to a reducing atmosphere, is separated at the stop of operation, especially shutdown. The solid oxide fuel cell includes an air electrode that is obtained by firing a compact containing a perovskite oxide and sulfur element. The content of the sulfur element in the air electrode as fresh after firing or before the start of power generation is in the range of 50 ppm to 3,000 ppm. The separation of the air electrode is effectively suppressed at the shutdown operation.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cells arranged into a stack. A combustor receives a cathode exhaust flow from the fuel cell cathodes and a flow of fuel. The fuel is oxidized in the combustor by the cathode exhaust to produce a mixed exhaust flow. A cathode air flow path extends between a fresh air source and the fuel cell cathodes. An air preheater is arranged along the cathode air flow path, cathode air passing through the air preheater being heated therein by a flow of uncombusted anode exhaust from the fuel cell anodes. A cathode recuperator is arranged along the cathode air flow path, cathode air passing through the cathode recuperator being heated therein by the mixed exhaust flow. Water passing through a vaporizer is converted to steam by heat from the mixed exhaust flow and directed from the vaporizer to the fuel cell anodes.