Abstract: A water recovery system of a direct liquid feed fuel cell and a direct liquid feed fuel cell having the water recovery system. The water recovery system in which water produced at a cathode electrode of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is recovered to supply to an anode electrode, the water recovery system includes: a first member located on the cathode electrode and a first supporting plate that supports the first member; and a second member located on the anode electrode and a second supporting plate that supports the second member, wherein the first member and the second member are connected to each other through a slit formed in an electrolyte membrane of the MEA. The direct liquid feed fuel cell having the water recovery system can be used, for example, in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

Abstract: A fuel cell stack having an improved sealing structure of a cooling plate in which the cooling plates therein each have a coolant flow channel through which a coolant flows to remove heat from the fuel cell stack and a groove that surrounds the coolant flow channel, and a sealing member disposed in the groove to prevent coolant leakage. The sealing member has a compression rate of 18 to 30%, as the compression rate being ((a thickness of the sealing member?a height of the groove)/the thickness of the sealing member)×100. Such a fuel cell stack may maintain operation for a long time without the need of supplementing the coolant.

Abstract: The fuel cell cartridge including: an external casing; a fuel cell body (stack), which is accommodated in the external casing and which includes at least a fuel electrode, an oxidizer electrode, and an ion conductor; and a fuel tank for storing a fuel, wherein the external casing has a penetration hole, which penetrates an inner portion of the external casing and which is in communication with outside air, and wherein an inner wall of the penetration hole is provided with at least an opening communicating with the oxidizer electrode. The fuel cell cartridge is detachably attached to an electric apparatus, and an inlet of the penetration hole of the fuel cell cartridge is situated at a position corresponding to an outside-air communicating port, which is provided in the electric apparatus and which is in communication with outside air.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that is compact and has stabilized performance is provided. The fuel cell system includes two fuel cell stacks or a first fuel cell stack (31) and a second fuel cell stack (32), a high-pressure hydrogen tank (11) as a hydrogen supplying device for supplying hydrogen to the first and second fuel cell stacks (31, 32), a compressor (12) as an air supplying device for supplying air to the fuel cell stack, and a humidifier (20) for humidifying air to be supplied to the first and second fuel cell stacks (31, 32). The humidifier (20) is disposed between the first and second fuel cell stacks (31, 32); a supply air exhaust port of the humidifier (20) and air supply ports (Q1) of the first and second fuel cell stacks (31, 32) are connected by air supply pipes (51) having the same length.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided for improving the starting performance at low temperatures. The fuel cell includes a cell structure in which an anode and a cathode are provided on either side of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The fuel cell may include a first cooling liquid passage and a second cooling liquid passage independent of the first cooling liquid passage. Cooling liquid is heated by an external heating device and supplied to the second cooling liquid passage.

Abstract: A fuel cell apparatus including a reaction unit for performing a chemical reaction, at least one fan for providing an airflow, and an airflow guiding device is provided. The airflow guiding device is connected to the fan and the reaction unit. The airflow guiding device includes an airflow rectification segment and a first airflow separation segment. The airflow rectification segment is connected to the fan and has one flow channel. The first airflow separation segment is connected to the airflow rectification segment and disposed between the airflow rectification segment and the reaction unit. A number of flow channels inside the first airflow separation segment is N1, where N1 is a positive integer and N1>1.

Abstract: An oxygen-containing gas flow field is formed on a surface of a first metal separator. The oxygen-containing gas flow field is connected between an oxygen-containing gas supply passage and an oxygen-containing gas discharge passage. The oxygen-containing gas flow field comprises oxygen-containing gas flow grooves, and ends of the oxygen-containing gas flow grooves are extended outwardly beyond ends of electrode catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly, and connected to an inlet buffer and an outlet buffer. When the purging process is performed at the time of stopping operation of the fuel cell, the purging air supplied to the oxygen-containing gas flow field discharges water retained in the electrode catalyst layers from the ends to the outlet buffer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen exhaust system for a fuel cell vehicle, which is configured to actively control an exhaust path of hydrogen discharged from an anode of a fuel cell stack to maximize the safety of the vehicle by minimizing the possibility of explosion due to hydrogen exhaust and ensure the silence of the vehicle by minimizing noise generated during hydrogen exhaust. Moreover, the present invention provides a hydrogen exhaust system for a fuel cell vehicle, which can improve the performance and power of the fuel cell stack by supplying water discharged from the fuel cell stack to an air supply line of the fuel cell stack together with purge hydrogen discharged to a hydrogen exhaust line to increase the humidification performance of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes separators sandwiching electrolyte electrode assemblies. The separators each include first and second fuel gas supply sections through which a fuel gas supply passage extends centrally, first and second bridges extending radially outwardly from the first and second fuel gas supply sections, and first and second sandwiching sections connected to the first and second bridges. A fuel gas channel and an oxygen-containing gas channel are provided in the first and second sandwiching sections. Each of the first sandwiching sections has pairs of fuel gas outlets and a fuel gas consumed in the fuel gas channel is discharged through the fuel gas outlets.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack and a heat exchanger wrapped around the stack. The fuel cell stack comprises a fuel cell that operates at high elevated temperatures, such as a solid oxide fuel cell; the fuel cell can have a tubular configuration and comprise a pair of concentrically arranged electrode layers sandwiching a concentrically arranged electrolyte layer. The heat exchanger wraps around the fuel cell stack and comprises a flexible, thermally conductive first layer and an overlapping flexible, thermally conductive second layer spaced from the first layer. The first and second layers define adjacent annular oxidant supply and oxidant exhaust channels when wrapped around the stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes separators sandwiching electrolyte electrode assemblies. The separators each include first and second fuel gas supply sections through which a fuel gas supply passage extends centrally, first and second bridges extending radially outwardly from the first and second fuel gas supply sections and first and second sandwiching sections connected to the first and second bridges. A fuel gas channel and an oxygen-containing gas channel are provided in the first and second sandwiching sections. Each of the first sandwiching sections has pairs of fuel gas outlets, and a fuel gas consumed in the fuel gas channel is discharged through the fuel gas outlets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell with a gap between an anode and a cathode for transport flow of an electrolyte containing charge carrying ions from a solid fuel and an oxidizer.

Abstract: A flow control valve for a fuel cell that has particular application for controlling the flow of cathode air through a cathode flow channel of the fuel cell. The valve includes an element that controls the flow through the flow channel in response to changes in the voltage potential of the fuel cell. The valve includes a shape memory alloy wire and a flow control element secured to both ends of the shape memory alloy wire. The ends of the wire are also coupled to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell. When no current is flowing through the wire, the flow control element holds the wire in a pre-strained condition. If the voltage generated by the fuel cell increases, the current passing through the wire will heat the wire and cause it to shrink or contract which forces the flow control element into the flow path.

Abstract: A fuel cell is equipped with a fuel cell main body, a liquid fuel-storing tank for storing a liquid fuel and a fuel-supplying member which has a penetrating structure and is connected with the liquid fuel-storing tank and which supplies the liquid fuel to the liquid fuel main body, wherein the liquid fuel-storing tank is provided with a liquid fuel reservoir comprising a cylindrical fuel-storing vessel for storing the liquid fuel, a fuel discharge part provided at a lower part of the fuel-storing vessel and having a fuel discharge valve and a follower which is disposed at a rear end of the liquid fuel stored in the fuel-storing vessel and which moves as the liquid fuel is consumed, a housing box member which encompasses at least a part of the liquid fuel reservoir via a space part in the periphery of the liquid fuel reservoir and whose rear end part is closed and pressurized gas which is filled in the space part.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel cell system includes purging heavier and lighter than air gases from a system cabinet containing at least one fuel cell stack during a single purge step, and starting-up the fuel cell system after the purging step. The system includes an air blower, a purge manifold, and a purge damper.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack including a bypass is provided. The fuel cell stack includes a plurality of electricity generating cells in the known manner. A bypass is included for reducing the water entering the electricity generating cells of the fuel cell stack. The bypass may comprise at least one bypass cell disposed adjacent the first electricity generating cell in the stack. The bypass cell comprises a pair of separator plates defining an anode side and a cathode side. The bypass cell includes a conductive spacer comprising gas diffusion media disposed between the pair of separator plates. The bypass cell preferably blocks the cathode port on the separator plate. In this manner, the cell is inactive and does not produce electricity. The anode port of the cell remains open and an anode feed flows through the bypass to reduce water provided to the first electricity-generating cell. Alternatively or additionally, the cathode port remains open. Further the bypass may be placed before the cell stack itself.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack that includes at least one electricity generator generating electric energy through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and a cooling system are provided. The electricity generator includes a membrane-electrode assembly, separators on both sides of the membrane-electrode assembly, and cooling channels placed approximately parallel to a first direction of the membrane-electrode assembly, where a coolant flows through the cooling channels, and where the cooling channels have different distribution densities in a direction perpendicular to the first direction of the membrane-electrode assembly.

Abstract: A membrane humidifier for a fuel cell is disclosed, wherein a pressure drop in the humidifier is minimized and a humidification of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell is optimized.

Abstract: In a fuel cell structure having an assembly of an electrolyte layer and an electrode formed on the electrolyte layer, a gas separator 25 is laminated on the electrolyte layer and the electrode and forms, in combination with the electrode, a gas flow path to make a flow of a reactive gas that is subjected to an electrochemical reaction. A first water guide element is provided between the electrode and the gas separator 25 and is arranged to enable migration of water from and to the electrode and to continuously guide water in an electrode plane direction. A gas outlet 68 is open at one end of the gas flow path to be at least partly overlapped with one end of the first water guide element and discharges the flow of the reactive gas from the gas flow path. The gas outlet 68 is designed to have a higher flow resistance of the reactive gas than a flow resistance in the gas flow path. This arrangement effectively improves the water discharge efficiency from the gas flow path formed in the fuel cell structure.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack (32) includes a plurality of fuel cells in which each fuel cell is formed between a pair of conductive, porous, substantially hydrophilic plates (17) having oxidant reactant gas flow field channels (12-15) on a first surface and fuel reactant gas flow field channels (19, 19a) on a second surface opposite to the first surface, each ˜f the plates being separated from a plate adjacent thereto by a unitized electrode assembly (20) including a cathode electrode (22), having a gas diffusion layer (GDL) an anode electrode (23) having a GDL with catalyst between each GDL and a membrane (21) disposed therebetween. Above the stack is a condenser (33} having tubes (34) that receive coolant air (39, 40} to condense water vapor out of oxidant exhaust in a chamber (43). Inter-cell wicking strips (26) receive condensate and conduct it along the length of the stack to all cells.

Abstract: In the fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly, the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly includes an electrode part having one surface in contact with the electrode catalytic layer and the other surface facing the separator and a non-electric-power generating part around the electrode part having one surface in contact with the solid polymer electrolytic membrane and the other surface facing the separator. The non-electric-power generating part includes a hydrophilic part near an outlet of the fluid passage of the reaction gas, and a hydrophobic layer formed on the hydrophilic part and exposed to the fluid passage to discharge water generated in generating an electric power.

Abstract: An oxygen-containing gas flow field for supplying an oxygen-containing gas from an oxygen-containing gas supply passage to an oxygen-containing gas discharge passage is formed on a first metal plate. The oxygen-containing gas flow field includes oxygen-containing gas flow grooves as serpentine flow grooves having two turn regions T1, T2. The oxygen-containing gas flow grooves have substantially the same length. The oxygen-containing gas flow grooves are connected to an inlet buffer and an outlet buffer at opposite ends. The inlet buffer and the outlet buffer have a substantially triangular shape, and are substantially symmetrical with each other.

Abstract: Corrosion of a metal portion such as a pipe connected to a fuel cell stack is suppressed. The fuel cell stack has a plurality of single cells which generate electrical power using an aqueous methanol solution and air and are stacked in a vertical direction. An inlet of a fuel supply manifold for distributing the aqueous methanol solution to each cell and an outlet of a fuel discharge manifold for collecting the fuel discharged from the single cells are provided in a common conductive end plate. Hence, when the discharge fuel discharged from the fuel cell stack is circulated and resupplied to the stack, the potential of the discharged fuel becomes equal to that of the liquid fuel to be supplied to the stack, whereby the corrosion of the metal portion such as a pipe, a tank, a pump, or a heat exchanger is suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly with a reinforced sealing structure for its use in fuel cells and electrolyzers, comprising a membrane electrode assembly (23) and a sealing structure (S) surrounding said membrane electrode assembly (23), said sealing structure (S) comprising a gasket (G), a reinforcing material (4) integrated in said gasket and reagent gas and coolant fluid openings (10) for the passage of reactant gases and coolant fluid.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel supply, an air supply, a plurality of unit cells being stacked, and a stack. The stack includes: a plurality of unit cells, each comprising separators and a membrane assembly (MEA) disposed between the separators; a fuel inlet configured to introduce a fuel to the unit cell; an unreacted fuel outlet configured to emit unreacted fuel from the stack; a fuel bypass path; a fuel distribution path configured to distribute the fuel to each of the unit cells; and an unreacted fuel inducing path configured to channel the unreacted fuel to the unreacted fuel outlet.

Abstract: Bipolar plates in a fuel cell stack tend to experience lower operating temperatures near and at the ends of the stack, and these plates require lower coolant flow. But common stamping tooling can be used to make all of the plates for the stack when suitable coolant flow restrictors are stamped into each plate for lowest coolant flow. The flow restrictors are then trimmed (or their formation avoided) from those plates designated for higher coolant flow.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes an anode flow board, a cathode board, an intermediate adhesive layer, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including a membrane edge, and a leak-proof adhesive layer mounted on the membrane edge, thereby preventing contact between the intermediate adhesive layer and the membrane edge. The adhesive ability of the leak-proof adhesive layer to the membrane edge is higher than that of the intermediate adhesive layer to the membrane edge. Therefore, the methanol leakage from the membrane can be avoided.

Abstract: Anode-supported fuel cell, in particular SOFC, where stresses in the anode substrate are compensated for by a stress compensation layer. According to the invention said stress compensation layer is made porous by making a large number of vary small openings. These openings are preferably made hexagonal and the thickness of the walls between the openings is minor. An electron-conducting porous layer is applied to the stress compensation layer.

Abstract: A separator for a fuel cell includes a main separator and a sub separator. A plurality of intake manifolds and exhaust manifolds are perforated on both end portions of the main separator and the sub separator. A plurality of channels are formed on an upper surface of the main separator so that fuel is supplied through the different intake manifolds and is exhausted through the different exhaust manifolds. Auxiliary channels are formed on a lower surface of the main separator and an upper surface and a lower surface of the sub separator so as to connect the intake manifolds and the exhaust manifolds to the channels. A connecting channel is formed on a lower surface of the main separator so as to communicate with the channels, and connect the channels and the auxiliary channels.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that provides a flow of anode exhaust gas into the cathode side of the fuel cells without allowing the anode exhaust gas flow and the cathode input flow to mix in a large volume. In one embodiment, strategically positioned perforations in the MEAs allow the anode exhaust gas to cross over to the cathode channels near the cathode input. These perforations could be provided as an array of small holes in an MEA sub-gasket or an MEA carrier frame. In an alternate embodiment, openings are provided through the bipolar plates that allow the anode exhaust to flow into the cathode channels. This configuration would require a special anode half-plate at one end of the stack to provide the opening.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack is disclosed that utilizes a porous material internally disposed in the fuel cell outlet manifolds, wherein the porous material facilitates the transport of liquid water from the plate outlets thereby minimizing the accumulation of liquid water in the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells (“SOFCs”) comprising ferritic stainless steel and having at least one via that when subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere at an elevated temperature develops a scale comprising a manganese-chromate spinel on at least a portion of a surface thereof, and at least one gas flow channel that when subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere at an elevated temperature develops an aluminum-rich oxide scale on at least a portion of a surface thereof. Other embodiments relate to interconnects comprising a ferritic stainless steel and having a fuel side comprising metallic material that resists oxidation during operation of the SOFCs, and optionally include a nickel-base superalloy on the oxidant side thereof. Still other embodiments relate to ferritic stainless steels adapted for use as interconnects comprising ?0.1 weight percent aluminum and/or silicon, and >1 up to 2 weight percent manganese. Methods of making interconnects are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of enhancing water management capabilities of a fuel cell is disclosed. The method includes providing a fuel cell component having hydrophilic or weakly hydrophobic surfaces, increasing a hydrophobicity of at least one of said hydrophilic surfaces and assembling the fuel cell component into the fuel cell.

Abstract: A fuel cell and a fuel cell stack thereof includes separators, each of which includes a sandwiching section for sandwiching an electrolyte electrode assembly, a bridge and a reactant gas supply section, wherein the sandwiching section has a fuel gas channel and an oxygen-containing gas channel, the bridge has a fuel gas supply channel for supplying the fuel gas to the fuel gas channel and an oxygen-containing gas supply channel for supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the oxygen-containing gas channel, and a fuel gas supply passage for supplying the fuel gas to the fuel gas supply channel and an oxygen-containing gas supply passage for supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the oxygen-containing gas supply channel extend through the reactant gas supply section in the stacking direction.

Abstract: A flow field plate for a fuel cell or electrolyser comprises on at least one face an assembly of channels comprising one or more gas delivery channels, one or more gas removal channels, and a permeable wall separating same. The permeable wall may comprise a plurality of gas diffusion channels.

Abstract: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a unit cell assembly including an anode side and a cathode side. The anode side has a cooling base plate, a conductor assembly, a hydrogen flow field, a water absorbing element, and a hydrogen duct assembly. The cathode side has an air flow field, a conductor assembly, an air flow distributor, and an insulating compression plate with wing extensions. A membrane electrode assembly is disposed between the anode side and the cathode side physically connecting the flow fields on both the anode and cathode sides. A sealed anode assembly creates a sealed hydrogen volume and includes the anode conductor assembly, the hydrogen duct assembly, and the membrane electrode assembly all disposed between the insulating compression plate and the cooling base plate. The fuel cell may comprise multiple unit cell assemblies arranged in planar, folded, stacked, or pancake configurations.

Abstract: A modular direct methanol fuel cell system includes a housing having a pump for supplying fuel from a fuel tank to a fuel cell stack and a system controller for electronically controlling the modular direct methanol fuel cell system. An integrated processor is contained in the housing, the integrated processor integrating a water condenser and a gas/liquid stream separator. A first fluid connection unit is between the fuel cell stack and the integrated processor for feeding air and fuel exiting from the fuel cell stack to the integrated processor. A second fluid connection unit is between the fuel cell stack and the integrated processor for feeding a fuel mixture from the integrated processor to the fuel cell stack. The direct methanol fuel cell system also includes a third fluid connection unit for feeding pure fuel from the fuel tank to the integrated processor.

Abstract: A fuel cell device comprising a fuel cell cartridge having a container for containing methanol mixed solution fuel and a direct methanol fuel cell on which the fuel cartridge is set the fuel cartridge being provided with a fuel injection nozzle on part of the container and a projection disposed around the fuel injection nozzle; the size of which is determined according to the concentration of methanol of the fuel in the container, and the direct methanol fuel cell being provided with a concavity, which is designed to engage with the projection of the fuel cartridge at a portion where the fuel cartridge is to be set when the concentration of methanol is proper.

Abstract: A power generation cell of a fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly, and a first separator and a second separator sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly. First supply holes, first discharge holes, second supply holes and second discharge holes extend through the membrane electrode assembly in a stacking direction. The first supply holes connect a fuel gas supply passage and a fuel gas flow field. The first discharge holes connect a fuel gas discharge passage and the fuel gas flow field. The second supply holes connect an oxygen-containing gas supply passage and an oxygen-containing gas flow field. The second discharge holes connect an oxygen-containing gas discharge passage and the oxygen-containing gas flow field.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell system including: a fuel cell unit; a fuel cartridge; and a fuel actuator that is disposed between the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell unit, to control the fuel supply from the fuel cartridge to the fuel cell unit. The fuel cell unit comprises: a stack including unit cells oriented in parallel to one another; a phase change layer disposed adjacent to the stack and having a length perpendicular to the parallel orientation of the unit cells; a fuel diffusion layer disposed on the phase change layer.

Abstract: A fuel cell bipolar plate has a front surface and a rear surface opposite to each other, and flash and a receding portion. The flash is provided on the front surface at an outer peripheral portion of the bipolar plate and projects in a direction crossing the front surface. The receding portion is provided on the rear surface at an outer peripheral portion of the bipolar plate in a geometry capable of accommodating flash.

Abstract: To provide a fuel cell and an oxidant distributing plate for the fuel cell. A water created in the fuel cell is used to humidify an oxidant gas and/or a fuel flowing in an opposite passage opposite to a MEA. The fuel cell includes a MEA 1, an oxidant distributing plate 3 disposed facing to an oxidant pole for supplying an oxidant gas thereto, and a fuel distributing plate 4 disposed facing to an fuel pole for supplying the fuel thereto. At least one of the oxidant distributing plate 3 and the fuel distributing plate 4 is provided with an opposite passage 31, 41 formed on an opposite surface opposite to the MEA, and a reaction passage 32, 42 formed on a facing surface facing to the MEA, and communicated with the opposite passage 31, 41.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell including an electrolyte membrane, a first separator in which a fuel path through which a fuel flows is formed so as to face one surface of the electrolyte membrane and which has thereinside a fuel supply amount adjuster for adjusting the supply amount of the fuel, and a second separator in which an oxidizer path through which an oxidizer flows is formed so as to face the other surface of the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell has a structure in which generation modules are stacked. In each of the generation modules, there are cells are stacked. Each of the cells generates unitary power from fuel energy. A fuel cell system including the fuel stack operates either all or some of the generation modules in consideration of the quantity of power consumed by a load.

Abstract: A novel electrochemical cell which may be a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is disclosed where the cathodes (144, 140) may be exposed to the air and open to the ambient atmosphere without further housing. Current collector (145) extends through a first cathode on one side of a unit and over the unit through the cathode on the other side of the unit and is in electrical contact via lead (146) with housing unit (122 and 124). Electrical insulator (170) prevents electrical contact between two units. Fuel inlet manifold (134) allows fuel to communicate with internal space (138) between the anodes (154 and 156). Electrically insulating members (164 and 166) prevent the current collector from being in electrical contact with the anode.

Abstract: In a direct methanol fuel cell, fuel efficiency is maintained by periodically adding a higher methanol concentration mixture through a cartridge into the primary fuel container. The cartridge replenishes methanol and partial water losses due to the consumption of fuel in the power generating process. In a typical system, the fuel replenishment mechanism is controlled through an electronic apparatus that monitors the power conversion process and is capable of predicting remaining operating capacity.

Abstract: A direct liquid feed fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including an anode electrode and a cathode electrode respectively disposed on either side of an electrolyte membrane. A conductive anode plate and a conductive cathode plate which respectively face the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and have flow channels therein. Stripe-shaped hydrophilic members are formed on the cathode electrode, cross the flow channels of the conductive cathode plate, and transfer water from the flow channels to the conductive cathode plate. The conductive cathode plate is hydrophilic.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells is provided. An anode supply manifold and an anode exhaust manifold are in fluid communication with the anodes of the plurality of fuel cells. A first valve is in fluid communication with the anode supply manifold and a second valve is in fluid communication with the anode exhaust manifold. A pressure sensor is adapted to measure an anode pressure. In operation, the first valve and the second valve are controlled in response to the anode pressure, thereby militating against an undesired exhausting of an anode supply stream.

Abstract: A fuel cell apparatus (A1) includes a stack structure (B) including a plurality of solid electrolyte cell units (10) stacked with interspaces separating one another, and a case (20) enclosing the stack structure (B). The fuel cell apparatus (A1) further includes an inlet port (30) to introduce a reactant gas into the case (20), an outlet port (40) to discharge the reactant gas from the case (20), and a gas guide (50) extending from the inlet port (30) along an outer periphery of the stack structure (B). The gas guide (50) may include at least one guide member (50), and a heat transfer section.

Abstract: A fuel cell assembly comprises a separating structure configured for separating a first reactant and a second reactant wherein the separating structure has an opening therein. The fuel cell assembly further comprises a fuel cell comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte interposed between the first and second electrodes, and a passage configured to introduce the second reactant to the second electrode. The electrolyte is bonded to the separating structure with the first electrode being situated within the opening, and the second electrode being situated within the passage.