Abstract: An electrochemical cell and method for reducing carbon dioxide and/or dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon to an olefin are provided. The electrochemical cell includes a cathode having a first conducting component that is active toward adsorption and reduction of an oxidizing agent such as CO2; and an anode having a second conducting component that is active toward adsorption and oxidation of a reducing agent such as a hydrocarbon. Additionally, a hydrophobic modifier is present on at least a portion of a surface of the second conducting component or both the first and second conducting components. The method includes exposing the cathode to a CO2-containing fluid; exposing the anode to a hydrocarbon-containing fluid; and applying a voltage between the cathode exposed to the CO2-containing fluid and the anode exposed to the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, wherein the voltage is sufficient to simultaneously oxidize the hydrocarbon via a dehydrogenation reaction and reduce the CO2.

Abstract: A gas sensor element includes a solid electrolyte plate, and a measurement electrode and a reference electrode provided on surfaces of the solid electrolyte plate. In a section plane of the reference electrode along a thickness direction, noble metal regions, solid electrolyte regions, mixed regions, and void spaces are present. When a ratio of an area B of the mixed regions in the section plane with respect to an area A of the reference electrode in the section plane is a mixed region ratio B/A, and a ratio of an area C of the void spaces in the section plane with respect to the area A of the reference electrode in the section plane is a void space ratio C/A, a parameter value as a product of the mixed region ratio B/A and the void space ratio C/A falls within a range of 0.001 to 0.01.

Abstract: A catalyst support material for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The catalyst support material includes a metal material of an at least partially oxidized form of TiNb3O6 reactive with H3O+, HF and/or SO3? to form reaction products in which the metal material of the at least partially oxidized form of TiNb3O6 accounts for a stable molar percentage of the reaction products.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a membrane electrode assembly comprising providing, in the following layer order, (I) a green supporting electrode layer comprising a composite of a mixed metal oxide and Ni oxide; (IV) a green mixed metal oxide membrane layer; and (V) a green second electrode layer comprising a composite of a mixed metal oxide and Ni oxide; and sintering all three layers simultaneously.

Abstract: An illustrative example fuel cell component includes a plate with a plurality of flow channels in at least one side of the plate. Each of the flow channels has a length between an inlet and an outlet. Each of the flow channels has a width and a depth, which are transverse to the length. At least some of the flow channels include a portion near the inlet and the width or the depth of the portion is greater than the width or depth along a majority of the length of those flow channels.

Abstract: A cathode having a tandem electrocatalyst structure is provided. The cathode includes a plurality of wires spaced apart from each other, a layer formed on a surface of each of the plurality of wires, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the layer. Each of the plurality of wires includes a first perovskite material or a metal. The layer includes a second perovskite material. Each of the nanoparticles includes a metal oxide.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode comprising PrxCoyO3, wherein the ratio of x and y are 1:1.

Abstract: Electrode-supported tubular solid-oxide electrochemical cells suitable for use in electrochemical synthesis and processes for manufacturing such are provided.

Abstract: The electrochemical cell has an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode contains a main phase which is configured by a perovskite oxide expressed by the general formula ABO3 and including at least one of La or Sr at the A site, and a second phase which is configured by Co3O4 and (Co, Fe)3O4. An occupied surface area ratio of the second phase in a cross section of the cathode is less than or equal to 10.5%.

Abstract: A process for forming an electrolyte for a metal-supported solid-oxide fuel cell, the process comprising: a. applying a doped-ceria green electrolyte to an anode layer; b. removing any solvents and organic matter from the green electrolyte; c. pressing the green electrolyte to increase green electrolyte density; and d. heating the green electrolyte at a rate of temperature increase whilst in the temperature range 800° C.-1000° C. of in the range 5-20° C./minute to form the electrolyte, together with an electrolyte obtained by the process, a fuel cell and fuel cell stack, comprising the electrolyte, and the use of the fuel in the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured by the same, an electrode structure including the electrode, a fuel cell or a metal-air secondary battery including the electrode, a battery module including the fuel cell or the metal-air secondary battery, and a composition for manufacturing an electrode.

Abstract: An object of the invention is a protection method of solid oxide cells, in which method is arranged gas flows in the cell by at least two cell structure plates made of metal. In the method is formed metal oxide material on metallic structure from liquid precursor containing at least metal ions and at least one of organic and inorganic compounds fed into thermal flame having average gas velocity over 200 m/s.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ceria electrolyte for a solid oxide fuel cell, which is a ceria (CeO2) electrolyte configured such that either gadolinium (Gd) or samarium (Sm) is co-doped with ytterbium (Yb) and bismuth (Bi), wherein Bi is doped in an amount of 0.5 to 5 mol %, thus exhibiting low-temperature sintering properties.

Abstract: Electrochemical devices including solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) or thin film solid oxide fuel cells (TFSOFCs) having a porous metallic anode with nanoporous surface structure enabling the deposition of a dense, impermeable thin film electrolyte layer on the porous anode. Fabricating methods include forming a mixture of nanopowder metallic agents and nanopowder proppant that are sintered, smoothed and etched to form the nanoporous surface structure.

Abstract: A protection arrangement including the first coating and another coating on metal structure of solid oxide cells, each solid oxide cell having at least two fuel cell structure plates made of metal to arrange gas flows in the cell, and an active electrode structure, which includes an anode side, a cathode side, and an electrolyte element between the anode side and the cathode side. The protection arrangement can include: a first metal oxide coating on a metallic structure in a first thermal spraying coating process of a liquid precursor being from at least one of nitrates and acetates based substances fed into thermal flame; and at least one other metal oxide coating formed at least partly simultaneously with the first coating process on the previously deposited metal oxide coating from a liquid precursor.

Abstract: The fuel cell has an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer. The cathode contains a main component containing a perovskite oxide of the general formula ABO3 and includes at least Sr at the A site. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode has a surface region and an inner region. The surface region is within 5 ?m from a surface opposite the solid electrolyte layer. The inner region is formed on a solid electrolyte layer side of the surface region. The surface region and the inner region respectively include a main phase containing the perovskite oxide and a secondary phase containing strontium sulfate. An occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the surface region is greater than an occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the inner region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protonic ceramic fuel cell and a method of making the same. More specifically, the method relates to a cost-effective route which utilizes a single moderate-temperature (less than or equal to about 1400° C.) sintering step to achieve the sandwich structure of a PCFC single cell (dense electrolyte, porous anode, and porous cathode bone). The PCFC layers are stably connected together by the intergrowth of proton conducting ceramic phases. The resulted PCFC single cell exhibits excellent performance (about 450 mW/cm2 at about 500° C.) and stability (greater than about 50 days) at intermediate temperatures (less than or equal to about 600° C.). The present invention also relates to a two step method for forming a PCFC, and the resulting PCFC.

Abstract: Disclosed is a scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte for a solid oxide fuel cell, which is configured such that at least one oxide selected from among gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and samarium oxide (Sm2O3) is co-doped with ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) to thus improve stability in a reducing atmosphere. The scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte of the invention can be stabilized into a cubic crystal structure at room temperature while retaining the inherently high oxygen ionic conductivity of a scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte (11ScSZ), and can also ensure stability in a reducing atmosphere by solving the problem with a conventional ceria (CeO2)-doped scandia-stabilized zirconia in which the ionic conductivity continuously deteriorates in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell having excellent power generation performance and thermal cycle resistance and a solid oxide fuel cell. A method for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell includes a first step ST11 of sequentially forming a fuel electrode and a solid oxide electrolyte layer on a substrate; a second step ST12 of forming an air electrode intermediate layer on the solid oxide electrolyte layer; and a third step ST13 of forming, on the air electrode intermediate layer, an air electrode conductive layer using a mixture obtained by mixing first particles in a first average particle size range in which the average particle size (d50) is in a range of 27.0 ?m to 31.0 ?m and second particles in a second average particle size range having an average particle size (d50) smaller than the first average particle size range.

Abstract: The present specification provides a NOx responsive element suitable for directly sensing NOx. The NOx responsive element an oxygen ion conductive layer has a first electrode layer having a nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst phase composed of perovskite-type oxide, being in contact with the oxygen ion conductive layer, and being exposed to NOx, and a second electrode layer opposing the first electrode layer across the oxygen ion conductive layer. The nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst phase has a nitrogen oxide adsorption stabilizing surface on its surface exposed to nitrogen oxide.

Abstract: Provided is an interlayer for a thin electrolyte solid oxide cell, a thin electrolyte solid oxide cell including the same, and a method of forming the same. In various embodiments, functional elements (a fuel electrode, an electrolyte and a cathode) of the solid oxide cell are formed by means of a thin film process, and thus a nanostructure of the catalyst is not seriously lost due to agglomeration, different from a powder process. Thus, it is possible to accomplish catalyst activation according to a high specific surface area.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a main phase and a sub phase. The main phase is composed mostly of perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABO3 and includes at least Sr at the A site. The sub phase is composed mostly of strontium sulfate. An occupied area ratio of the sub phase in a cross section of the cathode is no more than 10.2%.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a catalyst layer and the method includes the following steps. First, a solution fabrication step is provided for fabricating a solution. The solution includes a solvent, a polymer and a titanium-containing precursor. A layering step is then provided for evaporating the solvent to form a gel-like layer, and a nitridation step is performed for treating the gel-like layer in ammonia ambience to remove the polymer so as to obtain a catalyst support, in which the catalyst support is composed of titanium nitride with a plurality of pores. A catalyst preparation step is performed for forming a plurality of platinum particles on the catalyst support.

Abstract: A composite oxygen transport membrane having a dense layer, a porous support layer and an intermediate porous layer located between the dense layer and the porous support layer. Both the dense layer and the intermediate porous layer are formed from an ionic conductive material to conduct oxygen ions and an electrically conductive material to conduct electrons. The porous support layer has a high permeability, high porosity, and a microstructure exhibiting substantially uniform pore size distribution as a result of using PMMA pore forming materials or a bi-modal particle size distribution of the porous support layer materials. Catalyst particles selected to promote oxidation of a combustible substance are located in the intermediate porous layer and in the porous support adjacent to the intermediate porous layer. The catalyst particles can be formed by wicking a solution of catalyst precursors through the porous support toward the intermediate porous layer.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward an electrocatalytic cell including a barrier, having at least a first side and a second side opposite the first side, comprising a material permeable to oxygen ions and impermeable to at least CO2, CO, H2, H2O and hydrocarbons, an electrical power supply in communication with the barrier, a catalyst adjacent the first side of the barrier, a supply of feedstock components in communication with the first side of the barrier, a supply of a carrier gas component in communication with the second side of the barrier; wherein the feedstock components contact the catalyst and react to form hydrocarbon-containing components and oxygen-containing components, and the electrical power supply biases the barrier to thereby conduct oxygen ions from the first side to the second side. Also presented are a device and methods for producing carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metal separator for a solid oxide regenerative fuel cell coated with a conductive spinel oxide film. In the conductive spinel oxide film, yttrium is added to a manganese-cobalt spinel oxide to suppress growth of an insulating oxide film on the surface of the metal separator and volatilization of metal. In the conductive oxide film coated on the metal separator, yttrium is segregated at the grain boundaries of the spinel so that migration of oxygen through the grain boundaries can be suppressed. Therefore, the surface of the metal separator can be protected from exposure to the atmosphere and water vapor when the solid oxide regenerative fuel cell is operated at high temperature. In addition, poisoning of electrodes by metal volatilization from the surface of the metal separator and growth of an insulating oxide film on the surface of the metal separator can be prevented. Therefore, the stability of the solid oxide regenerative fuel cell stack can be markedly improved.

Abstract: This invention provides a redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising at least one counterion for the polyoxometallate redox couple wherein the at least one counterion comprises one or more divalent ions.

Abstract: A fuel cell separator pair has first and second separators having front and back surfaces, a corrugated plate portion shaped in a wave form at the central portion, and a flat plate portion formed in the peripheral portion and surrounding the corrugated plate portion, wherein the corrugated plate portion of the front surface constitutes a reaction gas channel and the corrugated plate portion of the back surface constitutes a coolant channel. The back surfaces of the first and second separators are facing each other. The flat plate portions of the first and second separators are arranged on top of each other so as to be in contact with each other. The flat plate portion of the second separator protrudes toward the outside beyond the flat plate portion of the first separator.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode. In this fuel cell at least one electrode has been modified with a promoter using gas phase infiltration.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a chromium-containing metal support, a ceramic electrode layer on the metal support and an electroconductive ceramic layer between the chromium-containing metal support and the ceramic electrode layer. The electroconductive ceramic layer includes a ceramic material selected from lanthanum-doped strontium titanate and perovskite oxides.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a solid electrolyte layer containing Zr; an intermediate layer containing CeO2 solid solution having a rare-earth element excluding Ce; an air electrode layer containing Sr, the intermediate layer and the air electrode layer being stacked in this order on one surface of the solid electrolyte layer; and a fuel electrode layer on another surface of the solid electrolyte layer which is opposite to the one surface. A value obtained by dividing a content of the rare-earth element excluding Ce by a content of Zr is equal to or less than 0.05 at a site of the solid electrolyte layer, the site being 1 ?m away from an interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the intermediate layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a BZCYYb material to be used in a solid oxide fuel cell. In particular, the method comprises mixing particular nano-sized and micro-sized ingredients and the size selection provides greatly improved performance characteristics of the resulting material. In particular, barium carbonate powder, zirconium oxide powder having particle diameters in the nanometer range, and cerium oxide powder having particle diameter in the micrometer range are used together with ytterbium oxide powder, and yttrium oxide powder.

Abstract: A cathode material contains a main component being a complex oxide having a perovskite structure expressed by a general formula ABO3. The perovskite structure includes at least one of La and Sr at the A site. A occupied surface area ratio of a plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains is at least 10%. The plurality of comparable crystal orientation domains is defined by boundaries exhibiting a crystal orientation difference of at least 5 degrees in a crystal orientation analysis of a cross section by a method of electron backscatter diffraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medium and high-temperature carbon-air cell, which include a solid oxide fuel cell, a CO2 separation membrane and a carbon fuel. The solid oxide fuel cell is a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with one end closed, the carbon fuel is placed inside the tubular solid oxide fuel cell, and the CO2 separation membrane is sealed at the open end of the solid oxide fuel cell. In the carbon-air cell, with carbon as fuel and oxygen in the air as an oxidizing gas, electrochemical reactions occur. The carbon-air cell of the present invention has a novel structural design, and can achieve electricity generation with the solid oxide fuel cell without externally charging a gas, and at the same time, CO2 generated inside the solid oxide fuel cell can be discharged from the system through the CO2 separation membrane in time.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided that includes an anode, a cathode, a solid electrolyte layer, a barrier layer, and a buffer layer. The solid electrolyte layer includes zirconium and is provided between the anode and the cathode. The barrier layer includes cerium and is provided between the solid electrolyte layer and the cathode, with the barrier layer having pores. The buffer layer includes zirconium and cerium and is provided between the barrier layer and the solid electrolyte layer. The barrier layer has a first barrier layer provided near to the buffer layer with a first pore ratio and a second barrier layer provided between the first barrier layer and the cathode with a second pore ratio. The first pore ratio of the first barrier layer is larger than the second pore ratio of the second barrier layer.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a complex support including at least one metal oxide and carbon-based material; and a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst supported by the complex support. A method of manufacturing the electrode catalyst includes dissolving a precursor of a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst in a solvent and preparing a mixture solution for a catalyst; adding a complex support including at least one metal oxide and a carbon-based material to the mixture solution for a catalyst and stirring the mixture solution to which the complex support is added; drying the mixture solution for a catalyst, to which the complex support is added, in order to disperse the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst on the complex support; and reducing the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst dispersed on the complex support. A fuel cell includes the electrode catalyst.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a main phase and a sub phase. The main phase is composed mostly of perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABO3 and includes at least Sr at the A site. The sub phase is composed mostly of strontium sulfate. An occupied area ratio of the sub phase in a cross section of the cathode is no more than 10.2%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique for manufacturing a unit cell for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) which can improve the output of the unit cell of the solid oxide fuel cell, without occurring cost due to an additional process. The unit cell of the solid oxide fuel cell, comprises: a fuel electrode support body; a fuel electrode reaction layer; an electrolyte; and an air electrode, wherein the fuel electrode support body is made from an NiO and YSZ mixed material, the fuel electrode reaction layer is made from a CeScSZ and NiO mixed material, the electrolyte is made from a CeCsSZ material, and wherein the air electrode is made from an LSM and CeScSZ mixed material.

Abstract: A bonding layer, disposed between an interconnect layer and an electrode layer of a solid oxide fuel cell article, may be formed from a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder having a monomodal particle size distribution (PSD) with a d50 that is greater than about 1 ?m and a d90 that is greater than about 2 ?m.

Abstract: The innovation process describes the process and results for fabrication of a magnetron sputter deposited fully dense electrolyte layer (8YSZ/GDC/LSGM) embedded in a high performance membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) (Unit Cell) of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. A single cell with airtight electrolyte layer (8YSZ/GDC/LSGM) is prepared via thin film technique of magnetron sputter deposition, combined with SOFC-MEA processing methods (such as tape casting, lamination, vacuum hot pressing, screen printing, spin coating, and plasma spray coating) and sintering optimization conditions. The gas permeability of the electrolyte layer is below 1×10?6 L/cm2/sec and the open circuit voltage/power density of the single cell performance test exceeds 1.0 V and 500 mW/cm2.

Abstract: Dielectric compositions that include compound of the formula [(M?)1?x(A?)x][(M?)1?y?z,(B?)y(C?)z]O3??(VO)? and protonated dielectric compositions that include a protonated dielectric compound within the formula [(M?)1?x(A?)x](M?)1?y?z(B?)y(C?)z]O3??+h(Vo)?(H•)2h are disclosed. Composite materials that employ one or more of these dielectric compounds together with an electrolyte also are disclosed. Composite material that employs one or more of these dielectric compounds together with an electrochemally active material also are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powder constituted by a set of grains, characterized in that the 10 percentile of the cumulative granulometric distribution of the grain sizes, commencing from the fines, D10, is 4 ?m or more, at least 40% by number of the grains having a form factor R between the length and the width of more than 1.5.

Abstract: Provided is a connected body connecting electrically between power generation parts of SOFCs, which has high connection strength and high reliability of electric connection. Adjacent two segmented-in-series type SOFCs (100), (100) are connected to each other with a metallic connecting member (300). A “left side end portion of the connecting member (300)” and an “interconnector (30) electrically connected to an air electrode (60) provided on the SOFC (100) on the left side” are electrically connected to each other with a connecting material (80), and a “right side end portion of the connecting member (300)” and the “interconnector (30) electrically connected to a fuel electrode (20) provided on the SOFC (100) on the right side” are electrically connected to each other with the connecting material (80). Both of the interconnectors (30), (30) to be respectively connected to both ends of the metallic connecting member (300) with the connecting material (80) are formed of dense conductive materials.

Abstract: A novel electrode that can be used at high temperature in air, a fuel cell using the material, and a method of manufacture of the same are provided. The electrode material containing a component expressed by La1-sAsNi1-x-y-zCuxFeyBzO3-? (wherein, A and B are at least one element independently selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals, transition metals excluding Fe, Ni and Cu, and rare earths excluding La, and x>0, y>0, x+y+z<1, 0?s?0.05, and 0?z?0.05) exhibits relatively high conductivity at high temperature, and has the advantage of combination with other materials in relation to coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: Novel anode materials including various compositions of vanadium-doped strontium titanate (SVT), and various compositions of vanadium- and sodium-doped strontium niobate (SNNV) for low- or intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs). These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used as the structural support of the SOFC anode and/or as the conductive phase of an anode. A method of making a low- or intermediate-temperature SOFC having an anode layer including SVT or SNNV is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode for an electrochemical cell which exhibits good electron conductivity and good chemical conductivity, as well as good cohesion with the solid electrolyte of the electrochemical cell. To do this, this electrode is made from a ceramic, which is a perovskite doped with a lanthanide having one or more degrees of oxidation and with a complementary doping element taken from the following group: niobium, tantalum, vanadium, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth.

Abstract: Improved cathode active materials for reduced temperature operation in single and dual chamber solid oxide fuel cells are provided. The cathode active materials comprise perovskites of the general form ABO3, where A is a cation with approximately a +2 charge, and B is a cation with approximately a +4 charge. These perovskite cathode materials exhibit substantially enhanced power generation at operation temperatures less than or equal to 600° C.

Abstract: The electrode material contains a complex oxide and at least one of ZrO2 and a compound comprising ZrO2. The complex oxide has a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO3. ZrO2 is contained in an amount of 0.3×10?2 wt % to 1 wt % relative to the entire electrode material.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to cathode materials for electrochemical energy cells, more particularly to metal/air electrochemical energy cell cathode materials containing silver vanadium oxide and methods of making and using the same. The metal/air electrochemical energy cell can be a lithium/air electrochemical energy cell. Moreover the silver vanadium oxide can be a catalyst for one or more of oxidation and reduction processes of the electrochemical energy cell.

Abstract: A direct carbon fuel cell DCFC system (5), the system comprising an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell (10) comprising a cathode (30), a solid state first electrolyte (25) and an anode (20), wherein, the system further comprises an anode chamber containing a second electrolyte (125) and a fuel (120). The system, when using molten carbonate as second electrolyte, is preferably purged with CO2 via purge gas inlet (60).