Abstract: Described herein is a means to incorporate catalytic materials into the fuel flow field structures of MEMS-based fuel cells, which enable catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon based fuel, such as methane, methanol, or butane. Methods of fabrication are also disclosed.

Abstract: Reaction mechanisms in a fuel cell device are disclosed. In one aspect of the present disclosure, the fuel cell includes a composite cathode element that is vertically oriented. The composite cathode element further comprises a porous matrix holding electrolyte, a cathode, and/or a cathode current collector. One embodiment of the fuel cell further includes, an anode chamber coupled to the composite cathode element, the anode chamber being vertically oriented. During operation, fuel injected into the fuel cell is oxidized in the anode chamber by oxidizer ions are generated from oxidizer gas. The oxidizer gas can include a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide or just oxygen.

Abstract: The fabrication of ceria based electrolytes to densities greater than 97% of the theoretical achievable density at temperatures below 1200° C., preferably approximately 1000° C., is disclosed. The electrolyte has a concentration of divalent cations minus an adjusted concentration of trivalent cations of between 0.01 mole % and 0.1 mole %.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a complex support including at least one metal oxide and carbon-based material; and a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst supported by the complex support. A method of manufacturing the electrode catalyst includes dissolving a precursor of a palladium (Pd)-based catalyst in a solvent and preparing a mixture solution for a catalyst; adding a complex support including at least one metal oxide and a carbon-based material to the mixture solution for a catalyst and stirring the mixture solution to which the complex support is added; drying the mixture solution for a catalyst, to which the complex support is added, in order to disperse the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst on the complex support; and reducing the precursor of the Pd-based catalyst dispersed on the complex support. A fuel cell includes the electrode catalyst.

Abstract: An improved LSCF 6428 perovskite material of the type La12zSrx+zCo0.2+aFe0.8+bO3?? wherein x=0.4, z=(0.01?0.1), a=(0.01?0.04), and b=(0.05?0.15) for use as an SOFC cathode having increased electronic and ionic conductivity. The general formula is similar to the prior art formulae (La0.6Sr0.4)1?z Co0.2 Fe0.8O3?? and La0.6Sr0.4 Co0.2 Fe0.8O3?? but applies the z term to La and Sr independently as well as reducing the overall content of La. Further, by adding a small amount (a) of extra Co ions, catalytic activity, conductivity, and sinterability are further enhanced. Adding small amounts (b) of Fe and/or Fe and Co moderates the thermal expansion coefficient with no adverse effect on crystal structure or fuel cell performance. Improved sinterability, microstructure, and reduced film cracking result in high power density of fuel cells. An inherently low-cost solid state reaction method is described.

Abstract: A solid oxide electrolyte including an oxygen ion conducting solid solution, wherein the solid solution is represented by Formula 1 below: Zr1-x-y-zMaxMbyMczO2-???Formula 1 wherein x is greater than 0 and less than about 0.3, y is greater than 0 and less than about 0.1, z is greater than 0 and less than about 0.1, ? is selected to make the solid solution ionically neutral, Ma, Mb, and Mc are each independently a metal selected from the group consisting of elements of Groups 3, Groups 5 through 13, and Group 14, and an ionic radius of each of Ma+3, Mb+3, and Mc+3 are different from each other.

Abstract: Non-platinum (Pt) electrode catalysts for fuel cells, methods of manufacturing the same, and fuel cells including the non-Pt electrode catalysts. Each of the non-Pt electrode catalysts for fuel cells includes at least palladium (Pd) and iridium (Ir), and further includes a metal, oxide of the metal, or mixture thereof for compensating for the activity of Pd and Ir.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell is provided having a ceria-based bulk electrolyte layer, an interface layer, an anode and a cathode, where the ceria-based bulk electrolyte layer is disposed between the cathode and the interface layer, and the interface layer is disposed between the ceria-based bulk electrolyte layer and the anode. Use of the ceria-based bulk electrolyte layer and an interface layer between the bulk layer and the anode takes advantage of the properties of a Ceria-based electrolyte without reducing to Ce (III) when operating the SOFC at the prescribed temperatures. The ceria-based bulk electrolyte layer has a thickness in a range of 10 nm to 500 um, and the interface layer has a thickness in a range of 1 angstrom to 50 nm.

Abstract: An electric power generation cell 1 is constituted by arranging a fuel electrode layer 4 on one side of a solid electrolyte layer 3 and an air electrode layer 2 on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer 3. The solid electrolyte layer 3 is constituted of an oxide ion conductor mainly composed of a lanthanum gallate based oxide. The fuel electrode layer 4 is constituted of a porous sintered compact having a highly dispersed network structure in which a skeletal structure formed of a consecutive array of metal grains is surrounded by mixed conductive oxide grains. For the air electrode layer 2, a porous sintered compact mainly composed of cobaltite is used. This configuration reduces the overpotentials of the respective electrodes and the IR loss of the solid electrolyte layer 3, and accordingly can actualize a solid oxide type fuel cell excellent in electric power generation efficiency.

Abstract: An ion conducting membrane for fuel cell applications includes an ion conducting polymer and a tin-containing compound at least partially dispersed within the ion conducting polymer. The ion conducting membranes exhibit improved performance over membranes not incorporating such tin-containing compounds.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell which has high output capacity especially at an operating temperature of 600° C.-800° C. and effectively prevents influence of reaction between respective layers. The solid oxide fuel cell includes a solid electrolyte layer between a fuel electrode and an air electrode, a support comprised of either the fuel electrode or the air electrode, and at least first and second layers provided in turn from the side of the support. The first layer is comprised of a cerium-containing oxide and the second layer is comprised of a lanthanum-gallate oxide containing at least lanthanum and gallate. A sintering assistant for improving sintering property of the cerium-containing oxide is contained in the first layer. When the thickness of the second layer is T ?m, the value of T is 2<T<70.

Abstract: A solid-state fuel cell includes: an anode; an anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer disposed on the anode; a hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide film disposed on the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer; a cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer disposed on the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide film; and a cathode disposed on the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical device including electrodes of an electrochemical cell and conductive connection members, wherein sufficient bonding strength is achieved between each of the electrodes and the corresponding conductive connection member through thermal treatment carried out at a temperature lower than 1,000° C. The electrochemical cell includes a solid electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes provided on the electrolyte membrane. The conductive connection members are electrically connected to the respective electrodes by means of a bonding layer. The bonding layer contains a transition metal oxide having a spinel-type crystal structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a material and a method for its creation and use wherein a reactive element, preferably a rare earth element, is included in an oxide coating material. The inclusion of this material modifies the growth and structure of the scale beneath the coating on metal substrate and improves the scale adherence to the metal substrate.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a substrate layer, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first chamber layer and a second chamber layer, and all of which are integrally formed by co-firing. The substrate layer includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the second surface, and the first electrode, the second electrode are formed on the first and second surfaces, respectively. The first chamber layer, disposed on the first electrode, includes a first flow passage and a first fuel chamber connected thereto, and a first gas passes the first flow passage, enters the first fuel chamber and contacts the first electrode. The second chamber, disposed on the second electrode, includes a second flow passage and a second fuel chamber connected thereto, and a second gas passes the second flow passage, enters the second fuel chamber and contacts the second electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an ion conductive material useful as an anode catalyst comprising LaCrO3, a vanadium oxide (VOx) and a solid electrolyte, and methods of making the same. The catalysts are useful in solid oxide fuels cells and, in particular, using impure hydrogen.

Abstract: Commuting dry almond hulls into fine particles, infusing the particles with water, extracting soluble compounds from them in a counter-current aqueous process. Separating the fibers to provide an aqueous solution, and ultrafiltering the remaining aqueous solution to provide ingredients for products such as sports beverages, health drinks, fruit bars, jams, jellies, and fibers. If desired, the aqueous solution from counter-current extraction can be treated with a yeast to increase the inositol content of the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making medicated bath powder from natural plants. The process comprises multiple cycles of extraction with heating; combining the resulting extracts and concentrating, freezing drying or spraying drying them to form a drug powder, which then mixed with the volatile oils obtained from the first extraction. The active components of these natural plants can be effectively preserved in the medicated bath powder of the present invention.