Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell includes a gas diffusion layer contacting with a separator having a channel and a catalyst layer interposed between the gas diffusion layer and an electrolyte membrane. The catalyst layer of the electrode has two portions with different hydrophilicities. A portion of the catalyst layer that faces a channel has a higher hydrophilicity than a portion that does not face a channel. This electrode may control hydrophilicity of the catalyst layer differently according to locations, so it is possible to keep an amount of moisture in an electrode in a suitable way, thereby improving the performance of the cell.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane comprising: (a) a fluorinated polymer electrolyte having an ion exchange group, and (b) a basic polymer, wherein, optionally, at least a part of component (a) and at least a part of component (b) are chemically bonded to each other. A method for producing the above-mentioned polymer electrolyte membrane. A membrane/electrode assembly comprising the above-mentioned polymer electrolyte membrane which is securely sandwiched between an anode and a cathode. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising the membrane/electrode assembly.

Abstract: Ceramic laminate structures, particularly laminate structures including stabilized zirconia compositions, as well as electrodes and electrochemical cells including such laminate structures. The stabilized zirconia composition preferably are selected from scandia-stabilized zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia. These laminate structures enhance the overall flexural strength of the electrolyte layer while preserving high electrical conductivity. Such laminate structures may be useful in electrochemical fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes an ion exchange resin membrane, and an electric conductive polymer. The electric conductive polymer is present along a thickness direction of the ion exchange resin membrane from one side of the ion exchange resin membrane to the interior of the ion exchange resin membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell is produced using a fuel cell electrolyte layer comprising a hydrogen-permeable metal layer 27 serving as the compact substrate through which the gas supplied to the electrochemical reaction passes, a porous layer formed on the hydrogen-permeable metal layer 27, and an inorganic electrolyte supported in the pores of the porous layer.

Abstract: An unsaturated compound including a urethane bond in a main chain and a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, an alkylsulfonic acid group, or an alkylphosphoric acid group on a benzene ring in a side chain is provided. In addition, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane containing a compound prepared by polymerizing the above-mentioned compound and an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly including diffusion layers adhered on both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane are provided. Furthermore, a solid polymer fuel cell using the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly is provided.

Abstract: A structural battery includes an anode, cathode and electrolyte which, taken collectively, have sufficient mechanical strength to allow the battery to be used as a structural component of an article of manufacture. The combined anode, cathode and electrolyte have a stiffness between 10 MPa-1000 GPa, and in certain instances have a stiffness between 50 MPa-100 GPa. Also disclosed are solid electrolytes which may be used in structural batteries. The electrolytes are comprised of salts dissolved in a solvent such as a body of polymeric material. The electrolyte has good ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties. The solid electrolyte may be comprised of a body of uncrosslinked polymer or an at least partially crosslinked polymer such as a multifunctional polymer having segments comprised of linear resins and segments comprised of crosslinking resins. Also disclosed are methods for manufacturing the structural batteries.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane with high durability is provided. The electrolyte membrane includes a porous film containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring or a cyano group, and a proton conductive component existing in pores of the porous film, wherein the proton conductive component includes a polymer compound containing at least a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, a cyano group, and an acidic group in one molecule.

Abstract: A mixture, cation conductor and electrochemical device using same are provided. The mixture and a cation conductor, in which cations can be moved without humidification even in a range of temperatures less than or equal to the boiling point of water, or an electrochemical device such as a fuel cell using them. A fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode, which are oppositely arranged with an electrolyte film in between, is provided. The electrolyte film contains a first compound formed of an imidazole derivative containing N having an unshared electron pair and a second compound of at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds having structures shown below.

Abstract: Composite electrolyte materials include composites comprising 8YSZ in a range of 50-95%, balance 3YSZ. Either the 8YSZ or the 3YSZ can be substituted with a composition having the general formula A1-x-yBxCy where: A=Zr0.84Y0.16O2; B=at least one of the following: Zr1-xDxO2 where: D=at least one of the group Mg, Ca, Sc, and Y, and x=0.03 to 0.16; and Ce1-xRExO2 where: RE=at least one rare-earth element and x=0.05 to 0.20; C=Al2O3 where y=0 to 0.20. The composite electrolyte materials are useful in solid state electrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell module involves the steps of co-sintering the respective fuel electrodes, and the respective electrolytes, subsequently forming a dense interconnector out of a dense interconnector material, or an interconnector material which turns dense by sintering in at least parts of the solid oxide fuel cell module, in contact with the respective fuel electrodes, and the respective electrolyte, and forming an air electrode on the respective electrolytes before electrically connecting the respective electrodes with the respective first parts of the interconnectors electrically connecting the respective electrodes with the respective first parts of the respective interconnectors via respective second parts of the interconnectors which have a density less than the respective first parts.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide a proton conductive electrolyte suitable for a fuel cell material and a fuel cell including the proton conductive electrolyte. More particularly, aspects of the present invention provide a proton conductive electrolyte that has good proton conductivity and can be used to form a membrane having good flexibility. As a result, the proton conductive electrolyte can be used in a fuel cell, the electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell or the electrodes thereof, and can provide a solid polymer fuel cell having high current density, high power and long life-time in a dry environment (relative humidity of 50% or less) at an operating temperature of 100 to 200° C.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane having a porous base material having pores filled with a first polymer capable of conducting a proton, wherein the porous base material comprises i) at least one second polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefins and ii) a third polymer having double bond in the polymer, and contains a crosslinked second polymer wherein molecules of the second polymer are crosslinked with one another; and a fuel cell, particularly a solid polymer fuel cell, more specifically a direct methanol polymer fuel cell, using the electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane is excellent in the inhibition of permeation of methanol, exhibits no or reduced change in its area, and is excellent in proton conductivity.

Abstract: A proton conductive electrolyte including a polymerized polyurethane, polyethylene(metha)acrylic acid (PEAA), and a cross-linking agent mixture; a method of preparing the same; an electrode including a support and a catalyst layer, the catalyst layer including a supported catalyst and a polymerized mixture of a polyurethane based compound and a polyethylene(metha)acrylic acid; a method of preparing the electrode; and a fuel cell including the proton conductive electrolyte and/or the electrode. The proton conductive electrolyte can be prepared at lower costs than conventionally used polybenzimidazole and NAFION and can be easily formed into a membrane with a controlled thickness by casting. The polymer electrolyte membrane has high mechanical strength, flexibility, and excellent ionic conductivity. The electrode remains stable under high temperature operation, a strong binding force is maintained between the support and the catalyst layer, and the electrode has excellent ionic conductivity.

Abstract: A membrane-electrode assembly having superior hot water resistance has a membrane containing an aromatic polymer having a repeating unit expressed by general formula (1): in which A represents independently either —CO— or —SO2—; B represents independently an oxygen atom or sulfur atom; R1 to R8, which may be identical or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, alkyl group, phenyl group or nitrile group; R9 to R24, which may be identical or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or phenyl group; and ‘a’ represents an integer of 0 to 4.

Abstract: According to the invention there is provided a method of conduction including the steps of providing a quaternary ammonium compound, and causing the quaternary ammonium compound to conduct ionically.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of electrochemical catalysts of the polymer electrolytes-based fuel cells. With the process of the present invention, high catalyst activity while uniformly supporting a large amount of metal particles on a surface of a support can be achieved. Also, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of electrochemical catalysts of the polymer electrolytes-based fuel cells capable of using a small amount of toxic solvent without an additional high-temperature hydrogen annealing.

Abstract: An interconnector, or bipolar plate, for a high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell is composed of a sintered chromium alloy which has sintering pores and contains >90% by weight of Cr, from 3 to 8% by weight of Fe and optionally from 0.001 to 2% by weight of at least one element of the group of rare earth metals. The chromium alloy contains from 0.1 to 2% by weight of Al and the sintering pores are at least partially filled with an oxidic compound containing Al and Cr. The interconnector has a high impermeability to gas and dimensional stability.

Abstract: Provided are a polymer electrolyte membrane, which includes an ion conductive domain having high continuity and a non-ion conductive domain and has a high strength, and a membrane electrode assembly and a fuel cell each using the polymer electrolyte membrane. The polymer electrolyte membrane includes a block copolymer having an ion conductive block and a non-ion conductive block and has a micro-phase separation structure constituted of an ion conductive domain including the ion conductive block and a non-ion conductive domain including the non-ion conductive block.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell device assembly comprising: (i) at least one solid oxide fuel cell device including one electrolyte sheet sandwiched between at least one pair of electrodes; and (ii) a non-steel frame fixedly attached to said at least one fuel cell device without a seal located therebetween.

Abstract: A separator material effective for decreasing the weight of fuel cells is provided which is lightweight, has good corrosion resistance, and exhibits a minimized increase in electrical contact resistance during use for a long period. Titanium or a titanium alloy is prepared by melting so as to contain not greater than 5 mass % B, thereby forming a titanium-based material in which fine TiB-type boride particles are precipitated and dispersed. The material is then etched in an aqueous acidic solution such that some of the TiB-type boride particles are exposed on the surface through the passive film formed thereon.

Abstract: A dense ceramic electrolyte membrane supported by symmetrical porous ceramic electrolyte layers. The thin (t<100 microns) electrolyte layer is sandwiched between two fugitive-containing electrolyte support layers that become highly porous after firing. The heat treated fugitive-containing support layers form a skeletal structure of strongly adhered electrolyte with an interpenetrating network of pores that extends well always from the electrolyte surface. The porous layers can be infiltrated with a range of electrode materials or precursors to form a solid oxide fuel cell or other electrochemical cell as well as electrochemical cell stacks. The supported ceramic membrane provides electrochemical performance advantages and reduces warpage during sintering compared to conventional structures.

Abstract: A sulfonated poly(arylene sulfone) contains an unsaturated bond. A cross-linked material may be formed from the sulfonated poly(arylene sulfone), and a clay nanocomposite may include the sulfonated poly(arylene sulfone) or the cross-linked material. A fuel cell includes the clay nanocomposite.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes: a proton conductive material in which hollow inorganic fine particles having through-holes on the surface of the hollow inorganic fine particles, are filled with an electrolyte resin; and a non-proton conductive polymer.

Abstract: The invention describes the manufacture of a frozen dessert, akin to sorbet, but having the organoleptic properties of ice cream from cooled milk whey. The milk whey could contain desired amount of fat, ranging from little to no fat, depending upon the quality and caloric value of the end product desired. Suitable sweetening agents and binders are added to the whey, which is subjected to a process of simultaneous agitation, aeration and freezing, resulting in a frozen dessert with an over run.

Abstract: A method for obtaining beta casein by separating it from para kappa casein involving the use of rennet casein is disclosed.