Abstract: Present embodiments pertain to an improved electrostatographic imaging member having low contact friction surfaces to ease sliding mechanical interaction and suppressing abrasion/wear failure and methods of preparing thereof. The improved imaging member has layers comprising slippery polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane molecules that enhance the physical and mechanical functions and reduce the layers surface contact friction of the imaging member to extend service life.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus including: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a charging unit; an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed at the electrophotographic photoreceptor by a developer to form a toner image, the developing unit storing the developer containing a toner having toner particles containing a crystalline resin and having a shape factor SF1 of from 100 to 150, a volume average particle diameter of from 3 to 6 ?m, and fluorocarbon-based resin particles as an external additive; a transfer unit; and a cleaning unit that cleans the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a blade containing urethane rubber, the blade disposed applying a pressure to the electrophotographic photoreceptor surface of 0.20 mN/mm or more.

Abstract: Present embodiments are directed to the improvement of flexible imaging members used in electrophotography. More particularly, embodiments pertain to a structurally simplified curl-free flexible electrophotographic imaging member without the need for an anticurl back coating, having a functionally improved top outermost exposed slippery imaging layer which furthers extends service life, and provides a process for making and using the member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a base, a photosensitive layer formed on the base, and an overcoat layer formed on the photosensitive layer, wherein the overcoat layer includes gallium, oxygen, and hydrogen, and the intensity ratio (IO-H/IGa-O) of a signal IO-H of an O—H bond to a signal IGa-O of a Ga—O bond in an infrared absorption spectrum is about 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of radiation cured coatings that may be used in a device within an image forming apparatus. The coating composition may include a reactive oligomer capable of radiation curing having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of greater than 1500. A reactive diluent may then be combined with the reactive oligomer, which diluent is also capable of radiation curing and which has a Mn of less than or equal to 1500. The reactive diluent may be present at a level of less than fifty percent by weight of the coating composition. The coating composition may be present at a solids level of 90-100%.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a base, an undercoat layer that contains a metal oxide and an electron-accepting material and has a thickness of about 3 ?m or more and about 15 ?m or less, and a photosensitive layer containing a polymer having a repeating unit represented by general formula (1) where R1 and R2 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.

Abstract: A charge transport particle comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein at a macroscopic level the covalent organic framework is a particle that has electroactive added functionality.

Abstract: Reduced can be interferential streaks produced in a halftone image when using a photoreceptor support (also called a drawn tube) having been subjected to tool bit cutting processing, and provided can be an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of obtaining high quality in response to the light printing field or the like and an image forming method employing the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Also disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor possessing a cylindrical support and provided thereon, a photosensitive layer, the cylindrical support possessing a processing profile regularly fanned along a central axis, provided on a circumferential surface of the cylindrical support, wherein the processing profile satisfies Formula 1: Formula 1 ?L?10 ?m, where ?L, represents a difference between a processing period width and another processing period width in a central axis direction of the cylindrical support in an image region.

Abstract: An image holding member for an image forming apparatus includes: a substrate; and a photosensitive layer on the substrate, the photosensitive layer containing a compound including a partial structure represented by the following Formula (II-2) wherein in Formula (II-2), Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 10 aromatic rings, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 10 aromatic rings, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group; q represents 0 or 1; and n's each independently represent an integer of from 0 to 7.

Abstract: A flexible imaging member comprising a slippery charge transport layer including a novel low surface energy polymer binder and a charge transport compound in the layer. In specific embodiments, the novel low surface energy polymer binder in the charge transport layer is a bisphenol A polycarbonate containing short polysiloxane segments present in the polycarbonate backbone—thus eliminating the light scattering effect to render optical clarity—and the charge transport compound is a diamine hole transporting species. The imaging member does include an anticurl back coating to maintain flatness.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is made of a cured film of a composition including a compound represented by the following Formula (M1) and a charge transporting material having a chain polymerizable functional group:

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor including at least an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on or above the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is a layer composed of a cured film of a composition including at least one of compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a charge-transportable backbone in the molecule thereof, a polymerization initiator and a radical deactivator.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is not impaired in electrophotographic properties such as charge potential and residual potential and which is also excellent in repetition stability. The invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive support having thereon a photosensitive layer containing a zirconium compound represented by the following general formula (1): and one or more charge transport agents having an arylamino group in its molecule.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer provided overlying the electroconductive substrate, the photosensitive layer containing at least one charge transport materials selected from the group consisting of a naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide-isoindol derivative represented by the following chemical structure 1, a naphthalimide-isoindol derivative represented by the following chemical structure 2, and a triphenyl amine-isoindol derivative represented by the following chemical structure 3, where R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted or non-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, and a nitro group, k represents an integer of 1 to 4, and l represents an integer of from 1 to 5 and R3 represents a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, and a substituted or non-substituted aromatic hydrocarbo

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer; a crosslinked surface layer comprising ?-alumina and tin oxide, wherein a first one-dimensional data array obtained from measuring a concavo-convex shape of the surface of the photoreceptor is subjected to a wavelet conversion to be separated into 6 frequency components, the one-dimensional data array of the lowest frequency component is further thinned so as to have 1/40 data arrays to obtain a second one-dimensional data array, the second one-dimensional data array is further subjected to the wavelet conversion to be separated into additional 6 frequency components, and wherein when relationships between respective arithmetic average roughness (WRa) (y-axis) of the 12 frequency components and the frequency components (x-axis) are graphed, at least WRa (214 to 551 ?m) and WRa (26 to 106 ?m) have a folding point or a maximum point.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including a layer comprising a cross-linked hardened material of a compound A with a compound B. Each of the compounds A and B has at least two alcohol groups, at least one of the compounds A and B has at least two methylol groups, at least one of the compounds A and B has at least three alcohol groups, and at least one of the compounds A and B has a charge transportable group. In other words, the compound A has X methylol groups, X being an integer of 2 or more, the compound B has Y alcohol groups, Y being an integer of 2 or more, at least one of the compounds A and B has a charge transportable group, and the following relations are satisfied: x=2 and y?3, or x?3 and y?2.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to layers that are useful in imaging apparatus members and components, for use in electrophotographic, including digital, apparatuses. In particular, the present embodiments pertain to an improved imaging member comprising a single layer in which the single layer further comprises a combination of one or more high mobility hole (charge) transport molecules and electron transport molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate, an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor including a cured film of a composition which includes at least one charge transporting compound (a) having a charge transporting skeleton and at least two structural units represented by R—O—CO—CR??CH—R? in the same molecule, and at least one polycarbonate resin; a ratio (IA/IC) of an absorption peak intensity (IA) resulting from stretching vibration of a carbonyl group originating from the structural unit represented by R—O—CO—CR??CH—R? of the charge transporting compound (a) to an absorption peak intensity (IC) resulting from stretching vibration of a carbonyl group originating from the polycarbonate resin in an IR absorption spectrum of the outermost layer being from about 0.5 to about 10, and a width at half maximum of the absorption peak of the absorption peak intensity (IA) being about 25 cm?1 or more.

Abstract: A resin composition for an optical waveguide is provided, which comprises: an epoxy compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein m is 1 or a positive integer, n is 1 or a positive integer, R and R? which may be the same or different are each represented by the following formula (2) or (3), wherein c is a positive integer of 1 to 3 and each one of c may be the same or different, and X is represented by the following formula (4): wherein a is an integer of 0 to 2, and b is a positive integer of 1 to 3, and satisfy a condition of a+b=3; and a photoacid generator. The resin composition has a lower viscosity, and is excellent in flexibility and moisture absorption resistance. An optical waveguide produced by employing the resin composition is also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments pertain to a novel imaging member, namely, an imaging member or photoreceptor comprising a protective outer layer which comprises light-absorbing composition that substantially prevents any light absorption by the overcoat layer. The composition comprises a low strength thermal plastic resin and a high optical density yellow dye. Thus, the light-blocking protective layer reduces the intrinsic light shock suffered by conventional overcoat layers without negatively impacting electrical properties of the overcoat layer and while improving print quality.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic imaging apparatus including the photoreceptor, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises: a conductive substrate; a charge generating layer formed on the conductive substrate; a charge transport layer formed on the charge generating layer; and an overcoat layer formed on the charge transport layer, wherein the ratio (R2/R1) of the surface resistance value (R2) of the overcoat layer to the surface resistance value (R1) of the charge transport layer is from about 0.01 to about 1.5.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive substrate; a photosensitive layer including a charge-generating layer containing a charge-generating material and a charge-transporting layer containing a charge-transporting material, the charge-transporting layer having a hole mobility of about 5.0×10?6 (cm2/V·sec) or less at an electric field of 2 V/cm; and an overcoat layer that is provided on the photosensitive layer and contains a cured material of a charge-transporting material, wherein relational expression (1) Ip(OCL)>Ip(CTL)>Ip(CGL) is satisfied wherein Ip(CGL) represents an ionization potential (eV) of the charge-generating material contained in the charge-generating layer; Ip(CTL) represents an ionization potential (eV) of the charge-transporting material contained in the charge-transporting layer; and Ip(OCL) represents an ionization potential (eV) of the charge-transporting material contained in the overcoat layer.

Abstract: An ethylene compound having general formula (I) below: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons or an alkoxyl group of 1 to 6 carbons; R4 is an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbons, phenyl or tolyl; and Ar is an aryl group of 7 to 20 carbons or a heterocyclic group, functions as a charge transport material in an electrophotographic photoreceptor. This compound suppresses photodeterioration, causes little light-induced fatigue, can prevent a rise in the residual potential associated with such light-induced fatigue, has stable properties as an electrophotographic photoreceptor even when used for an extended period of time, and is able to stably provide a satisfactory image.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is excellent in wear resistance and electrical characteristics. Specifically disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a polyester resin in a photosensitive layer provided on an electroconductive substrate. The polyester resin is composed of a copolymer represented by the general formula 1 below, which has a viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of 10,000-300,000 and contains a diphenyl ether 4,4?-dicarboxylic acid component and a bivalent phenol component. In the general formula 1, A represents a diphenyl ether 4,4?-dicarboxylic acid residue represented by the formula A below, and B represents a bivalent phenol residue represented by the formula B below. In the formula A, each of Ra1 and Ra2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent which may have a substituent, and each of n and m is independently an integer from 0 to 4.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least: a substrate; a photosensitive layer provided on the substrate; and an overcoat layer provided on the photosensitive layer. The overcoat layer of the photoreceptor includes at least: a cross-linked component that is obtained by cross-linking of at least one selected from a guanamine compound or a melamine compound and a charge-transporting material having at least one substituent group selected from —OH, —OCH3, —NH2, —SH, or —COOH; fluoro-resin particles; and a fluoro-alkyl group-containing copolymer. The ratio of fluorine atom present in an outermost surface of the overcoat layer as measured with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) is from approximately 1.0% by mass to approximately 20.0% by mass. The invention further provides a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, and a method of producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and, a cross-linked type charge transport layer, the cross-linked type charge transport layer having a structure unit deriving from a first component, a second component, and a third component, the first component containing a copolymer having a cyclic structure and/or a structure represented by a Chemical structure 1 as a repeating unit, where Ra represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and Rb represents a straight-chained saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 34 carbon atoms, the second component containing at least one of a radical polymerizable monomer and a radical polymerizable oligomer without a charge transport structure, and the third component containing one or more kinds of radical polymerizable compounds having a charge transport structure.

Abstract: A hydroxygallium phthalocyanine composite pigment, which is a composite pigment wherein an azo compound expressed by the following general formula (a) is conjugated to a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment, wherein the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine composite pigment has diffraction peaks at least at 7.5°, 9.9°, 12.5°, 16.3°, 18.6°, 25.1°, and 28.3° on an X-ray diffraction spectrum with Bragg angle of 2?±0.2°, using Cu—K? X-rays: A(H)n ??General Formula (a) where A is a residue of an azo compound; H is a hydrogen atom; the residue A is bonded to one or more hydrogen atoms, where the number of the hydrogen atoms is expressed with n, via one or more heteroatoms which are selected from the group consisting of N and O, and form part of the residue A; and n is an integer of 1 to 9.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor exhibiting not only excellent durability together with high sensitivity but also excellent image reproduction, which is suitable for an image forming method by which imagewise exposure is performed employing a light source having an emission wavelength peak being in the range of 350-500 nm to form a high density electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor, and also provided are an image forming method employing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and an image forming apparatus thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are undercoat layers comprising a metal oxide, a polymer, and a citrate of Formula (I): wherein R1 is H, alkyl, or COR?; wherein R? is alkyl; and wherein R2, R3, and R4 are independently alkyl. The undercoat layers are useful in imaging members because they are easily separated from the substrate. This reduces the number of steps necessary to reclaim the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photoconductive elements having an electrically conductive support, an electrical barrier layer and, disposed over the conductive layer, a charge generation layer capable of generating positive charge carriers when exposed to actinic radiation. The electrical barrier layer, which restrains injection of positive charge carriers from the conductive support, comprises a crosslinkable condensation polymer having as a repeating unit a planar, electron-deficient, tetracarbonylbisimide group and optionally a crosslinker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained by providing an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer on a conductive support in the stated order, the electrophotographic photosensitive member being characterized in that the intermediate layer contains a specific polyolefin resin and a specific organic electron-transporting substance, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor that is exposed by an exposure light source having a wavelength of 405±20 nm, the electrophotographic photoconductor comprising: a conductive substrate; and at least a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer stacked in order on the conductive substrate, the charge transfer layer containing, as a charge transfer material, a phenylenediamine compound represented by the following general formula (I): wherein, Ar is an aryl group that may have a substituent, R1, R2 and R3 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, independently, k is an integer from 1 to 5 and l and m are an integer from 1 to 4, the charge generation layer containing a gallium phthalocyanine dimer as a charge generation material.

Abstract: Improved electrophotographic imaging members which pertain to the incorporation of a fluoroketone into the charge transport layer to achieve a structurally simplified flexible electrophotographic imaging member that remains flat without the need for an anticurl back coating layer. The imaging member is both more slippery and has a reduced coefficient of friction, thus extending service life.

Abstract: According to aspects of the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a compound having at least one polymerizable functional group. Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member whose surface layer comprises a compound (urea derivative) having a certain structure, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes a first layer, a supporting substrate thereover, a photogenerating layer, and at least one charge transport layer of at least one charge transport component, and wherein the first layer is in contact with the supporting substrate on the reverse side thereof, and which first layer is comprised of a polysiloxane/polyetherimide copolymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus which has an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer constituted of an amorphous silicon carbide, wherein the ratio of the atom density (C) of carbon atoms to the sum of the atom density (Si) of silicon atoms and the atom density (C) of carbon atoms, C/(Si+C), in the surface layer is set larger from one end portion toward the other end portion of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the direction of rotational axis thereof, and is from 0.61 or more to 0.75 or less in the whole region of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the direction of rotational axis thereof and the electrophotographic apparatus has an air current generation means which draws out air from the side of the above one end portion toward the side of the above other end portion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a photoconductive layer, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer. When Si+C atom density in the surface layer is represented by DS×1022 atoms/cm3, the DS is 6.60 or more, and when the maximal value of H/(Si+H) in a distribution of hydrogen quantity in the photoconductive layer in a layer thickness direction is represented by HPmax, the average value of the H/(Si+H) in the second photoconductive region is represented by HP2, the DS and the HP2 satisfy the following expression (1) and the DS and the HPmax satisfy the following expression (2). HP2?0.07×DS?0.38??Expression (1) HPmax?0.04×DS+0.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which an intermediate layer contains metal oxide particles, an organic resin, and a specific compound (fluorenone derivative), and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: Embodiments pertain to a novel imaging member, namely, an imaging member or photoreceptor comprising an overcoat layer which comprises light-absorbing material that improves print quality. The light-absorbing material reduces the intrinsic light shock suffered by conventional overcoat layers without negatively impacting electrical properties of the overcoat layer.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a support; and a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer which are provided on the support in this order, in which the second intermediate layer contains a polyolefin resin and a metal oxide particle having a volume-average particle diameter of 20 nm or less, and the first intermediate layer contains a metal oxide particle, and the volume-average particle diameter of the metal oxide particle contained in the first intermediate layer is 10 times or more to 200 times or less as large as the volume average particle diameter of the metal oxide particle contained in the second intermediate layer.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for removing photoreceptor coatings from a rigid substrate, wherein the photoreceptor coatings disposed over a substrate of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, in order to recover it for re-use in photoreceptor manufacturing. More specifically, the invention discloses a photoreceptor substrate recovery methodology that includes the creation of an inner release layer over the substrate and followed by subjecting the rejected or used electrophotographic photoreceptor to a step of soaking in a non-toxic and environmentally-friendly stripping solution that separates the coatings from the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a conductive support, an intermediate layer provided on the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer provided on the intermediate layer in which the intermediate layer contains a polyolefin resin containing a specific component at a specific mass ratio, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support; an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer which are provided on a conductive support in this order, in which the intermediate layer contains an ethylene-acrylic acid binary copolymer and a polyolefin resin in which repeating structural units are contained in a particular ratio.

Abstract: A function separation type electrophotographic photoconductor comprising: a conductive support; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive support; a charge generation layer formed on the undercoat layer; and a charge transfer layer formed on the charge generation layer, the undercoat layer containing at least a binder resin and metal oxide microparticles subjected to surface treatment with anhydrous silicon dioxide, the charge transfer layer containing at least a binder resin and an enamine compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent a C6-C10 aryl group that may have a substituent; the others each represent hydrogen atom or C1-C4 alkyl, C4-C9 heterocyclic, C7-C16 aralkyl or C11-C16 arylidene alkyl group that may have a substituent; or R2 and R3 together with carbon atoms with which they are combined may form a cyclic or condensed cyclic group that may have a substituent.

Abstract: Embodiments pertain to a novel imaging member, namely, an imaging member or photoreceptor comprising a removable protective outer layer which comprises light-absorbing material which substantially prevents any light absorption by the overcoat layer. Thus, the light-absorbing material reduces the intrinsic light shock suffered by conventional overcoat layers without negatively impacting electrical properties of the overcoat layer while improving print quality.

Abstract: Presently disclosed embodiments relate to an improved electrophotographic imaging member or photoreceptor comprising a surface layer on the photoreceptor, where the surface layer comprises secondary electron emitting materials that act as a robust electrically active layer. Photoreceptors incorporating such materials into or on the surface will exhibit an increase photoreceptor life and also a reduction the operating voltage of bias charge roll (BCR) charging systems while maintaining excellent charge uniformity.

Abstract: Provided is a photosensitive dielectric paste capable of being burned at a low temperature in a short time and forming a dielectric film (insulator film) having favorable properties, such as sintering properties or temperature characteristics of dielectric constant, and an electronic part having favorable properties having a dielectric film formed using the same. The photosensitive dielectric paste of the invention contains (a) an inorganic ingredient containing 10 to 30% by volume of dielectric powder containing a Ba—Nd—Ti complex oxide powder, 50 to 80% by volume of supporting glass powder, and 1 to 20% by volume of sintering aid glass powder containing Bi in a proportion of 50 to 90% by weight in terms of Bi2O3; and (b) a photosensitive organic ingredient, in which the Ba—Nd—Ti complex oxide powder reacts with the sintering aid glass powder upon burning to thereby produce a Bi—Nd—Ti complex oxide.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor that is usable in an exposure light source having a wavelength of 405±20 nm, the electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a photosensitive layer including a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer stacked in order on a conductive substrate, the charge transfer layer containing, as a charge transfer material, a phenylenediamine compound represented by the following general formula (I): wherein Ar is an aryl group that may have a substituent, R1, R2 and R3 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group, independently, R3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group that may have a substituent, k is an integer from 1 to 5, and l and m are an integer from 1 to 4, the charge generation layer containing, as a charge generation material, a titanylphthalocyanine having a crystal form showing diffraction peaks in an X-ray diffraction spectrum at Bragg angles (2?±0.2°) of 7.5°, 12.3°, 16.3°, 25.3° and 28.7°.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an image forming apparatus and process cartridge both employing the organic photoreceptor by improving an abrasion resistance of the organic photoreceptor up to the same level as an amorphous silicone photoreceptor, the image blur and image flow problem liable to generate in high temperature and high moisture condition, and to provide an organic photoreceptor capable of obtaining a precise and a high quality dot image by short wavelength laser exposure. Provided is an organic photoreceptor having a conductive substrate, provided thereon at least a photo receiving layer and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer comprises at least a resin layer obtained by a reaction between a chain polymerizable compound having a charge transportable structure represented by Formula (1) and a chain polymerizable compound without having a charge transportable structure.

Abstract: A photoconductor comprising a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, and at least one charge transport layer comprised of at least one charge transport component, and wherein at least one of the photogenerating layer and the charge transport layer contains at least one of a pyridinium salt and a tetrazolium salt.