Abstract: A compound having the Formula I 1

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus, includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging device. The charging device includes a conductor particle-carrying member having an electroconductive and elastic surface, and conductor particles having a particle size of 10 nm-10 &mgr;m and carried on the carrying member so as to be disposed in contact with the photosensitive member, thereby directly injecting charges to the photosensitive member to charge the photosensitive member. The photosensitive member includes a photosensitive layer and a charge injection layer as a surface layer disposed in this order on a support, the charge-injection layer having a thickness d (&mgr;m) and an elastic deformation percentage We (OCL) (%) satisfying a relationship of formula (1) below with an elastic deformation percentage We (CTL) (%) of the photosensitive layer: −0.71×d+We(CTL)≦We(OCL)≦0.03×d3−0.89×d2+8.43×d+We(CTL)  (1).

Abstract: A light-receiving member comprising a conductive substrate, and formed superposingly thereon a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer in order. The light-receiving member has a surface roughness Ra of from 15 nm to 100 nm. Also disclosed is an image-forming apparatus having such a light-receiving member, and an image-forming method of rendering visible an electrostatic pattern formed on the light-receiving member. The light-receiving member promises stable formation of images over a long period of time.

Abstract: A compound having the Formula I 1

Abstract: A single-layered electrophotographic photoreceptor has a single-layered structure that includes a charge generating material, a charge transfer material, and a binder resin on a substrate. In one embodiment, the charge generating material is Y form titanyloxy phthalocyanine, and the binder resin is polyethylene terephthalate polymer. The single-layered electrophotographic photoreceptor has excellent stability, electrical characteristics, sensitivity and durability, and may be installed in a cartridge or on a drum of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation-sensitive recording material for the production of offset printing plates having a dimensionally stable support, a radiation-sensitive layer located on the front of the support, and a layer which comprises an organic polymeric material having a glass transition temperature of 35° C. or above and in which pigment particles are embedded and which is resistant to processing chemicals and is located on the back of the support. The pigment particles are preferably silica gel particles having a mean diameter of from 0.1 to 50 &mgr;m or organic particles having a mean diameter of from 3 to 10 &mgr;m. The image layer on the front may be matted or pigmented. The back coating enables the recording material to be stacked without separating paper. The image layer located on the front is not scratched by the pigmented back coating during storage and transport and during removal from the stack.

Abstract: A crystalline phase of titanyl oxyphthalocyanine, referred to herein as the S-phase, has an internal blend of lattice arrangements is provided by treatment of the gamma-form of titanyl oxyphthalocyanine. The S-phase is a truly new phase, and not a mixture of particles of various phases (e.g., combinations of the beta-phase and the gamma-phase), with internal lattice distributions of atoms and molecules forming a new, non-continuous, non-uniform lattice structure. The x-ray spectrum shows a blend of diffraction peaks, having peaks that have previously been distinctly present only collectively among various crystalline forms of titanyl oxyphthalocyanine, but can now be provided in a single crystalline form. The visible spectra show significant absorption differences. The novel S-form titanyl oxyphthalocyanine is also used in a photoconductor displaying major peaks of Bragg's 2 theta angle to the CuK-alpha characteristic X-ray (wavelength 1.541 Angstrom) at least at 9.5±0.2 degrees, 9.7±0.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel organophotoreceptor that includes:

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor exhibits excellent electrophotographic performance, particularly high sensitivity. A method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoconductor includes forming a photosensitive layer exhibiting high sensitivity using a coating liquid. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a photosensitive layer that contains photoconductive substances, a principal component of which is a metallophthalocyanine compound and a subcomponent of which is a phthalocyanine compound having central elements of hydrogen. The content of the subcomponent is in a proportion of 1 &mgr;mol to 200 mmol with respect to 1 mol of the principal component. The manufacturing method uses a coating liquid containing photoconductive substances, including principal component of a metallophthalocyanine compound and a subcomponent of a phthalocyanine compound having central elements of hydrogen in a proportion of 1 &mgr;mol to 200 mmol with respect to 1 mol of the principal component.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved organophotoreceptor that includes an electrically conductive substrate having a surface and a photoconductive element on said surface of said electrically conductive substrate. The photoconductive element comprises a layer with a polymeric binder, an electron transport compound, and a light stabilizer. The layer can also comprise a charge generating compound and/or a charge transport compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an imaging member comprising poultry gelatin. In one embodiment, the poultry gelatin is located preferably in at least one layer in the upper half of said imaging member comprising poultry gelatin. Another embodiment provides an aqueous coating composition comprising poultry gelatin.

Abstract: A member including, for example, a supporting layer and a single photogenerating layer, the photogenerating layer comprising particles including hydroxygallium phthalocyanine phthalocyanine Type V, x polymorph metal free phthalocyanine, or chlorogallium phthalocyanine dispersed in a matrix comprising an arylamine hole transporter and an electron transporter selected from the group consisting of N,N′bis(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide, 1,1′-dioxo-2-(4-methylphenyl)-6-phenyl-4-(dicyanomethylidene)thiopyran, and a quinone selected from the group consisting of carboxybenzylhaphthaquinone, and tetra (t-butyl) diphenoquinone, and mixtures thereof, and submicrometer size polytetrafluroethylene particles, and a film forming binder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a recording material for electrophotography capable of forming a highly qualified image in which color reproducibility, recording density and smoothness of a recording surface are improved. A recording material for electrophotography comprising a toner containing a coloring matter, and a recording medium for electrophotography wherein a toner-receiving layer, which contains a resin capable of fixing the coloring matter contained in said toner, is placed on a support, characterized in that said material contains a coloring matter-fixing agent capable of fixing the coloring matter in the toner and/or the toner-receiving layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t) (&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t (&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated a

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, and thereover a single layer comprised of a mixture of a photogenerator component, a charge transport component, an electron transport component, and a polymer binder, and wherein the photogenerating component is a pigment.

Abstract: A photocuring resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin (a-1) having a radical polymerizing unsaturated group at its side chain and a photopolymerization initiator (a-2) and substantially not including a crosslinking compound other than (a-1), a photocuring sheet comprising a photocuring resin composition (A) laminated on a substrate sheet (B) and a process of production of the same, a photocuring decorative sheet and photocuring insert molding sheet using the same, and a process of production of a molded article using such a photocuring sheet and an insert molded article obtained by the same.

Abstract: Electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an amino compound selected from formulae 1 to 22 in the specification.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor, wherein the photoreceptor includes an image forming portion having two ends substantially parallel to the rotating direction and a gap forming member located outside of each of the two ends of the image forming portion; a charging roller configured to charge the photoreceptor, wherein the charging roller contacts the gap forming members of the photoreceptor to form a gap g between the surface of the image forming portion and the peripheral surface thereof; an imagewise light irradiator; an image developer; and an image transfer device, wherein the relationship t≧2g is satisfied, where g represents the gap and t represents a distance between an inside edge of one of the gap forming members and nearer one of the two ends of the image forming portion of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor a substrate and a photosensitive layer on the substrate. The photosensitive layer contains charge generation substance, charge transport substance and a binder resin. The binder resin has a dispersion d1=Mz/Mw of at least 1.6, and/or a polydispersity d2=Mw/Mn of at least 2.0, each of d1 and d2 being an indicator of a range of molecular weight distribution converted to polystyrene standard, wherein Mz, Mw and Mn are a z-average molecular weight, a weight-average molecular weight, and a number-average molecular weight of the binder resin, respectively. The resulting electrophotographic photoconductor minimizes film abrasion and filming, allowing the photoconductor to possess stable characteristics in repeated use over long periods.

Abstract: The photoconductive switch comprises a laser that generates light having a first wavelength and a photoconductive switch element arranged to receive the light generated by the laser as incident light. The photoconductive switch element includes a photoconductive layer and a wavelength conversion element. The photoconductive layer has a low absorptivity at the first wavelength. The wavelength conversion element converts the incident light into activating light having a second wavelength at which the photoconductive layer has a greater absorptivity than at the first wavelength. The wavelength conversion element is integral with the photoconductive layer, or is in contact with the photoconductive layer, or is both integral with and in contact with the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: A composition for a charge generating layer of a positively-charged electrophotographic organophotoreceptor and the positively-charged electrophotographic organophotoreceptor having a charge generating layer formed using the composition are utilized in a photocopy apparatus/organophotoreceptor drum/organophotoreceptor cartridge and a method of manufacturing the positively-charged electrophotographic organophotoreceptor. The charge generating layer composition for the positively-charged electrophotographic organophotoreceptor, which has a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer sequentially coated on a conductive support, includes a charge generating material, a binder, and an organic solvent containing an alcoholic solvent and an acetate solvent in a ratio from 1:9 to 5:5 by weight.

Abstract: A photosensitive drum for a printing apparatus includes a drum body, and a photosensitive film attached to an outer circumference of the drum body, the photosensitive film being wound around the outer circumference of the drum body to have an overlapped portion of a predetermined width at both ends thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotographic drum-shaped photoconductor has an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, with a lubricating material being applied to the surface thereof in the shape of a plurality of bands spaced therebetween, constituting band-shaped lubricating material applied areas, extending along a circumference of the drum-shaped photoconductor in the direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the drum-shaped photoconductor. An electrophotographic image formation method and an image forming apparatus employing the above-mentioned drum-shaped photoconductor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photosensitive drum structure for an image forming apparatus. The photosensitive drum structure includes a cylindrical rotary drum having steps at both ends of the circumferential surface thereof, and a photosensitive belt being wound around the rotary drum and attached thereto with an adhesive that is adhered to the steps. Here, a gap is formed between the circumferential surface of the rotary drum and the photosensitive belt. Thus, an inexpensive photosensitive belt is wound around a rotary drum, and a photosensitive drum can be manufactured with a low cost. Also, a nip having a predetermined width is formed on a contact surface between a developer roller and the photosensitive drum, thereby improving development of the image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein nitrate ion is present on the surface of the photosensitive layer in an amount of from 50 to 300 &mgr;g per 1 m2 of the surface of the photosensitive layer when the nitrate ion is determined by an ion chromatographic method. Preferably a material having a fluorine atom and a carbon atom or a fatty acid metal salt such as zinc stearate is further present on the surface of the photosensitive layer such that the F/C ratio is from 0.05 to 0.5 or the Zn/C ratio is from 0.001 to 0.1. An image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor is also provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which the increase of VL is controlled below 15 V by controlling the content ratio M (ppm) of a charge transporting material CTM2 to a charge transporting material CTM1 within a specific range, wherein the ionization potential Ip(2) of the CTM2 is smaller than the ionization potential Ip(1) of the CTM1 in the constituent of the photosensitive layer, and thereby the electrophotographic photoreceptor has only a little reduction of image concentration.

Abstract: An image forming method including charging an upper surface of a photoconductor having a photoconductive layer with a charger located in contact with or spaced apart a distance of not greater than 100 &mgr;m from the upper surface, and scanning the charged upper surface with a light beam having a wavelength of &lgr; &mgr;m and a spot diameter &PHgr; &mgr;m to form an electrostatic latent image thereon. The upper surface of the photoconductor and a lower surface of the photoconductive layer have such roughness that the maximum heights in a unit length of &PHgr; &mgr;m give minimum values R1 and R2, respectively, satisfying the following conditions: R1≦&lgr;/2n &mgr;m, R2≦&lgr;/2n &mgr;m and (R1+R2)≧&lgr;/2n &mgr;m.

Abstract: The invention relates to an imaging element comprising an imaging layer, a nacreous pigment, and at least one layer comprising voids.

Abstract: An imaging material comprising a support having disposed thereon: a) at least one image-forming layer, and b) at least one transparent electrically conductive antistatic layer that comprises electronically conductive polymer particles, a neutral-charge conductivity enhancer, and a hydrophilic polymeric binder.

Abstract: A single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer made of a binder resin containing at least an electric charge generating material and a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material as an electric charge transferring material, which is formed on the conductive substrate, characterized in that the binder resin contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] and the solid content of the hole transferring material and the electron transferring material is not less than 30% by weight and not more than 50% by weight relative to the entire solid content, exhibits good wear resistance with respect to the photosensitive layer and is also superior in durability.

Abstract: An image forming method wherein a surface of a photoconductor having a photoconductive layer provided on a conductive support is scanned at least along a main scanning direction of the photoconductor with a writing light beam having a wavelength of &lgr; &mgr;m and a spot diameter &phgr; &mgr;m to form an electrostatic latent image thereon. The surface of the photoconductor has such a roughness that the sectional curve thereof along the main scanning direction is represented by a function y=f(x) when the main scanning direction and the direction of the vertical height are assumed to be the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively. The maximum height of the sectional curve in a region from an arbitral position x on the X-axis to a position (x+&phgr;) on the X-axis is at least &lgr;/2n &mgr;m where n is a refractive index of the photoconductive layer at the wavelength of the light beam.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of recording management information for managing the electrophotographic photoreceptor in a noncontact manner, and improving management of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive base, a photosensitive layer and a flange portion, wherein a noncontact information medium provided with an antenna part which communicates in a noncontact manner with a reader/writer of a main body of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and a control part which stores management information for managing the electrophotographic photoreceptor and controls the antenna part so as to communicate with the reader/writer is disposed onto the conductive base.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and comprising a charge generation material, a charge transport material and an inorganic filler, wherein the content of the inorganic filler at a surface side of the photosensitive layer is greater than that at a bottom side of the photosensitive layer near the electroconductive substrate, and wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor has a water vapor permeability not greater than 50 g·m−2·24 h−1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive body has a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as a photoconductive material, wherein the content of a phthalocyanine dimer compound in the layer that contains the phthalocyanine compound is present from about 100 nmol to about 300 mmol per 1 mol of the phthalocyanine compound. The resulting electrophotographic photosensitive body has excellent potential retention properties.

Abstract: An electrophotographic drum-shaped photoconductor has an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, with a lubricating material being applied to the surface thereof in the shape of a plurality of bands spaced therebetween, constituting band-shaped lubricating material applied areas, extending along a circumference of the drum-shaped photoconductor in the direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the drum-shaped photoconductor. An electrophotographic image formation method and an image forming apparatus employing the above-mentioned drum-shaped photoconductor are also disclosed.

Abstract: The use of phenylglyoxalic esters of the formula I in which the two radicals R1 and A are as defined in the description as photoinitiators in powder coating materials for exterior applications. The compounds of the formula I show little propensity toward yellowing.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein nitrate ion is present on the surface of the photosensitive layer in an amount of from 50 to 300 &mgr;g per 1 m2 of the surface of the photosensitive layer when the nitrate ion is determined by an ion chromatographic method. Preferably a material having a fluorine atom and a carbon atom or a fatty acid metal salt such as zinc stearate is further present on the surface of the photosensitive layer such that the F/C ratio is from 0.05 to 0.5 or the Zn/C ratio is from 0.001 to 0.1. An image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor is also provided.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer which is formed on the electroconductive substrate and which includes a charge generation material, wherein the charge generation material comprises an organic pigment and wherein the photosensitive layer further includes at least one ion selected from the group consisting of K+, Na+, NO3−, HCOO−, NO2−, Cl−, Br−, and NH4+ or one or more water-soluble inorganic salts.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a charge generation material composition comprising a sandwich-type metal bisphthalocyanine compound represented by the general formula (I), having a primary particle diameter of 1 micron or less, and a phthalocyanine-based charge generation material represented by the general formula (II):

Abstract: A method for producing printing plate precursors by dual-feed technology is described. The obtained printing plate precursors contain polymer particles in the photosensitive layer and show high print run stability.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image bearing unit including a belt-form electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the substrate and optionally a protective layer located overlying the photosensitive layer; and a pressing member which presses the photoreceptor while a surface of the pressing member contacts a surface of the photosensitive layer side of the photoreceptor such that the photoreceptor has a U-form portion, wherein the pressing member is rotated by the photoreceptor, wherein the surface of the photosensitive layer side of the photoreceptor has a static friction coefficient less than a static friction coefficient of the surface of the pressing member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising at least an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer which is formed on said electroconductive support, the outermost layer of the photoconductor contains particles comprising a polyorganosiloxane-containing phase which contains polyorganosiloxane and an organic polymer-containing phase which contains organic polymer without silicon and has a polyorganosiloxane content which is less than the polyorganosiloxane-containing phase, each phase being exposed at the top surface of the photoconductor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member exhibiting a high sensitivity and a potential stability on repetitive use and capable of suppressing image defects, such as black spots in a reversal development scheme, is provided. The photosensitive member includes a support, and a phthalocyanine layer formed on the support and a novel phthalocyanine crystal, which comprises a phthalocyanine compound and a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon compound.

Abstract: A vacuum processing method including placing an article to be processed in a reaction container and simultaneously supplying at least two high-frequency powers having different frequencies to the same high-frequency electrode to generate plasma in the reaction container by the high-frequency powers introduced into the reaction container from the high-frequency electrode. The frequencies and power values of the at least two high-frequency powers supplied satisfy the required relationship. Also, disclosed are a semiconductor device manufacturing method, a semiconductor device and a vacuum processing apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer on a surface of an electroconductive substrate and a light irradiator configured to irradiate the photoreceptor with a light beam having a wavelength &lgr; represented in units of micrometers and a diameter &phgr; represented in units of micrometers to form a dot latent image on the photoreceptor, wherein a maximum height in a part of a profile of the lower surface of the photosensitive layer in a sampling range of &phgr; is not less than &lgr;/(2n), where n is a refractive index of the photosensitive layer at the wavelength &lgr;.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains a pigment that consists of crystallites composed of molecules having a titanylphthalocyanine structure, wherein a crystallite diameter of the pigment is not smaller than 20 nm and a primary particle diameter of the pigment is not larger than 500 nm.

Abstract: A composite metal phthalocyanine crystal particle is disclosed. In the composite metal phthalocyanine crystal particle, metal phthalocyanine compound A in an amount of at least 0.001 to less than 0.1 weight part is uniformly dispersed at the molecular level in 100 weight parts of metal phthalocyanine compound B which has a different chemical structure from said metal phthalocyanine compound A.

Abstract: A fluorescent article is disclosed in which a U.V. light screening layer comprising a polymer having in its backbone repeating units of a U.V. light absorbing moiety, or a moiety capable of being transformed by Photo-Fries rearrangement into a U.V. light absorbing moiety, is disposed in operative screening relation to a layer containing a fluorescent colorant. The U.V. light screening layer affords surprisingly improved fluorescence protection as compared to prior U.V. light screening layers having only U.V. light absorbing additives.

Abstract: An electrostatographic component having a substrate and an outer coating of a thin, conformable perfluoroelastomer, wherein the outer coating has a thickness of from about 1 to about 75 micrometers, and wherein the unit manufacturing cost of developing the component is decreased and adhesion of the layer is increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the substrate, the photosensitive layer containing a quinone derivative of the formula (1) and/or (2): (R1, R2, R6 and R7 are alkyl; R3 and R8 are alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, hydrogen or atom; R4 and R5 are alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, hydrogen or halogen, or form a ring by binding each other; X is halogen; m is 1 to 4, n and p are 1 to 4.) The photosensitive material has high sensitivity.