Abstract: A method for making a relief pattern of a cured resin on a transparent colored layer which comprises applying a coating of a photocurable resin composition whose spectral sensitivity varies depending on the pH of the composition, on a transparent colored layer, adjusting the pH of the composition to a predetermined level, and exposing the coating to visible light irradiation through the transparent colored layer. The irradiated layer is developed to obtain a relief pattern corresponding to visible spectra transmitted through the transparent colored layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition for use in a screen printing screen.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide light-sensitive material is disclosed, comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer with an automatic developing machine which comprises developing an imagewise exposed silver halide light-sensitive material, wherein an amount of organic substances remaining in at least one of the emulsion layer or other hydrophilic colloid layers comprising a surface protective layer after said processing with said automatic developing machine, is not more than about 90 wt % of the weight of said organic substances prior to said processing.

Abstract: Screen emulsions in accordance with the present invention include a poly vinyl alcohol and poly vinyl acetate or a poly vinyl acetate copolymer emulsified in water along with appropriate amounts of diacetone acrylamide and an acrylic monomer. The emulsions preferably also include a cyclic amide, phthalate plasticizers, an initiator of monomer polymerization and a thermal stabilizer. The emulsions are intended to be admixed with a photosensitive free radical-generating compound that initiates cross-linking of the polymeric components and then applied to a mesh or screen. The screen is overlaid with an obliterating material, exposed to light and then washed to remove non-exposed emulsion. The resulting screen can be used without further hardening with both water- and solvent-based inks, and the film can be removed with emulsion-removing chemicals to permit reuse of the screen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radiation polymerizable composition for use in a photographic element such as a lithographic printing plate comprising in admixture(a) a binder resin having the general formula--A--B--C--wherein a plurality of each of components A, B and C occur in ordered or random sequence in the resin and wherein A is present in said resin at about 5% to about 20% by weight and comprises groups of the formula ##STR1## B is present in said resin at about 4% to about 30% by weight and comprises groups of the formula ##STR2## and C is present in said resin at about 50% to about 91% by weight and comprises acetal groups consisting of groups of the formulae ##STR3## where R is lower alkyl or hydrogen, and wherein said group I is present in component C from about 75% to about 85%, group II is present in component C from about 3% to about 5%; and group III is present in component C from about 10% to about 22%;(b) a photoinitiator; and(c) an acrylic monomer having one or more unsaturated groups.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radiation polymerizable composition for use in a photographic element such as a lithographic printing plate comprising in admixture(a) a binder resin having the general formula--A--B--C--wherein a plurality of each of components A, B and C occur in ordered or random sequence in the resin and wherein A is present in said resin at about 5% to about 20% by weight and comprises groups of the formula ##STR1## B is present in said resin at about 4% to about 30% by weight and comprises groups of the formula ##STR2## and C is present in said resin at about 50% to about 91% by weight and comprises acetal groups consisting of groups of the formulae ##STR3## where R is lower alkyl or hydrogen, and wherein said group I is present in component C from about 75% to about 85%, group II is present in component C from about 3% to about 5%; and group III is present in component C from about 10% to about 22%;(b) a photoinitiator;(c) a photopolymerizable mixture of(1) a polyethoxylate diacrylate monome

Abstract: A photosensitive film on a glass surface is prepared by: dispensing a quantity of aqueous emulsion containing the film constituents on the surface, distributing the emulsion as a layer over the surface, leveling the distributed layer and then drying the layer. To burst any bubbles that form during distribution, and to remove residual effects of the bubbles, a mist of a surface-tension-reducing liquid, such as methyl alcohol, is contacted with the distributed layer during leveling.

Abstract: A light-sensitive mixture containing a light-sensitive compound or a light-sensitive combination of compounds, the solubility of which is increased upon exposure, and a binder made from a polymer which has units of alkenylsulfonylaminocarbonyloxystyrenes or cycloalkenylsulfonylaminocarbonyloxystyrenes and which is insoluble in water and soluble in aqueous alkali. Moreover, a recording material is described which is particularly used in the production of printing plates coated with a light-sensitive layer of the indicated mixture. The printing form obtained after exposure and development of the material can be baked at temperatures ranging from 180.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. without forming difficult to remove deposits on the non-image areas of the plate. As a result, a printing form is produced, which has a particularly high resistance and yields a large print run.

Abstract: A negative resist composition including a polymeric matrix material, a polymerizable monomer, and an onium salt radiation sensitive initiator. The monomer is polymerized by irradiating the resist with an e-beam, x-ray, or ultraviolet source and heating the exposed resist. The resist is developed by a dry etchant such as plasma or a reactive ion etchant.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition which comprises:(a) a vinyl alcohol polymer having at least one thiol group in the molecule thereof,(b) an ethylenically unsaturated compound which is radically polymerizable, and,(c) a photoinitiator,and is free from the defect of the removal of the vinyl alcohol polymer at the hardened regions upon development with water.

Abstract: Water soluble blends are provided of alkanolacrylamide, water soluble hydroxyl containing film forming organic oligomer and an effective amount of an onium salt photoinitiator. These photocurable compositions can be used as photoresists.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprising components A, B and C described below is provided. The composition of the present invention is quite effectively usable for the preparation of photosensitive resin printing plates having excellent water developability, image reproducibility and printability. The composition comprises:A. 100 parts by weight of a completely or partially saponified polyvinyl acetate having a degree of saponification of 50 to 100 mole %,B. 20 to 300 parts by weight of a photopolymerizable monomer having at least one ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecule, andC. 1 to 50 parts by weight of a polymer obtained by homopolymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having the following groups (1) and (2) in the molecule or copolymerizing the same with another unsaturated monomer: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represent H or CH.sub.3 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent each an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition comprising an aqueous dispersion or emulsion comprising components (1), (3) and (4) as indispensable components and optionally the following component (2):(1) a water-soluble saponified vinyl acetate polymer to which a styrylpyridinium or styrylquinolinium group has been added;(2) a water-dispersible or hydrophobic polymer;(3) a photo-polymerizable unsaturated compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group; and(4) a photo-polymerization initiator.This composition has excellent dispersion stability, sensitivity and resolving power and produces a hardened product having good solvent resistance, water resistance and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: An acetalized polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 represents a halogen-containing residue of an aldehyde or a ketone; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, which may partially be substituted with an acetyl group; R.sup.3 represents naught or a monomeric unit copolymerizable with vinyl acetate; and l, m, n are integers indicating polymerization degrees, has excellent characteristics such as high sensitivity, high resolving power and excellent dry etching resistance and is suitable as a negative-type resist in ionizing radiation lithography.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions comprising water, a cationically curable compound, and a photosensitive onium salt, and preferably other ingredients such as sensitizers, fillers, and plasticizers, are useful for making printing screens, lithographic plates, and printed circuit resists. After exposure, the un-cured composition is easily removed by washing with water.

Abstract: A positive-working photoresist composition is described comprising a solution of polyvinyl alcohol, an inorganic ferric salt, ammonium trioxalatoferrate and a diol such as 1,4-butanediol. There is also described the addition of a finely divided black pigment to such a composition and the use of such a black pigmented composition for the formation of a light-absorbing matrix in a color CRT screen structure.

Abstract: A water developable, photopolymerizable composition and printing plates prepared from such composition are disclosed. The photopolymerizable composition includes at least one water soluble polymer, such as polyvinyl alcohol or partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, at least one photopolymerization initiator, and the condensation reaction product of N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, N-alkyloxymethyl acrylamide or N-alkyloxymethyl methacrylamide with a melamine derivative of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 is CH.sub.2 OR, R.sub.2 is H or CH.sub.2 OR, and R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl. A thermal polymerization inhibitor may also be included in the composition.Plates prepared from the composition demonstrate improved hardness and water resistance, compared to previously known photopolymerizable compositions, and also achieve excellent image quality.

Abstract: Water soluble blends are provided of alkanolacrylamide, water soluble hydroxyl containing film forming organic oligomer and an effective amount of an onium salt photoinitiator. These photocurable compositions can be used as photoresists.

Abstract: A novel photosensitive film structure comprises a generally continuous minor phase material and a generally discontinuous major phase material. The minor phase includes a photosensitive compound whose solubility relative to a selected solvent changes upon exposure to electrromagnetic radiation, while the major phase is not photosensitive nor soluble in the solvent. The two phases are uniformly interdispersed throughout the film structure. Imagewise exposure to electromagnetic radiation renders the film structure selectively permeable to the selected solvent, and, after development, the film structure exhibits the chemical and physical properties of the major phase material. The film structure finds varied application in the manufacture of graphic arts articles such as lithographi printing plates and photoresists.

Abstract: Photosensitive recording materials which are suitable for the production of printing plates and relief plates and possess a photopolymerizable relief-forming layer which can be developed with water and is based on a polyvinylalcohol/monomer mixture contain, as a binder in the said layer, a polyvinylalcohol derivative which is obtained by reacting polyvinylalcohol with an acylating agent which has groups which are polymerizable by free radicals, the reaction being carried out in the heterogeneous phase, in an aprotic dispersant, using the acylating agent in an amount which corresponds to not less than twice the molar amount required to achieve the desired degree of acylation.

Abstract: An improved negative working photographic element is prepared by coating a suitable substrate with a photosensitive composition comprising a light sensitive diazonium salt and a binder composition comprising a polyvinyl acetate resin and a styrene/maleic acid half ester copolymer. Upon imagewise exposure of the element to actinic radiation through a suitable mask, the unexposed portions are removable with an aqueous developer.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions useful in making stencils for screen printing by the direct, indirect or direct/indirect method comprise a photopolymerizable monomer, a water-insoluble photoinitiator, a tertiary amine accelerator, a water-soluble colloid, water, and a water-miscible organic solvent.

Abstract: Multi-layer photopolymer elements, which are suitable for the production of relief printing plates and contain photosensitive polyvinyl alcohol/monomer layers which can be developed with water, can be improved in respect of their production, drying and shelf life by the application of a thin layer of a highly hydrolyzed low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A two-component diazotype material, composed of a support and a light-sensitive layer which is applied thereto and contains a polymeric binder, a diazonium salt, a coupler, an acid stabilizer and conventional additives, wherein the support is a biaxially oriented polyester film and the polymeric binder comprises a mixture of about 10-60 percent by weight of a polymer or copolymer of vinyl acetate, for example, a copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid, and about 40-90 percent by weight of a cellulose ester, such as cellulose acetopropionate, cellulose acetobutyrate, cellulose propionate or cellulose butyrate.

Abstract: Method of preparing a phosphor suspension by mixing a photosensitive material, a photosensitizer, and a phosphor for the purpose of forming a photosensitive film. The photosensitizer in the suspension is a chromic-acid solution.With such a phosphor suspension, a firmly adhering, uniform and compact phosphor film can be formed on the screen substrate. In addition, the phosphor areas obtained by this method have very sharp boundaries.

Abstract: Deposition of extraneous metal on the surface of an electroless or electrolytic plating resist is reduced by dispersing into the resist formulation fumed aluminum oxide microparticles.

Abstract: Transfer material is prepared by applying to a substrate a layer of a photosensitive material which is insoluble but swellable in the solvent used to develop the image and whose adhesion to the substrate increases on exposure to light, imagewise exposing the material and developing the so-exposed material by treatment with a solvent fully to remove unexposed material from the substrate and, if necessary, treating the remaining areas of the exposed material to render them transferable from the substrate. In this manner the full thickness of the photosensitive material layer may be retained in the final transfer material. In particular, adhesive material may be applied to the layer photosensitive material before imagewise exposure, and the adhesive coated material imagewise exposed and developed to remove photosensitive material and adhesive in the non-exposed areas only to leave adhesive coated image indicia.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-curable mixture, comprising a light-sensitive compound comprising a diazonium salt polycondensation product or an organic azido compound; and a binder comprising a polymer at least swellable in an aqueous-alkaline solution and which comprises alkenylsulfonylurethane or cycloalkenylsulfonylurethane side groups. Also disclosed are light-sensitive copying materials prepared with the mixtures.

Abstract: A photosensitive element which comprises a support bearing a layer of negative-working tonable photoimaging composition comprising at least one organic polymeric binder (a), a photosensitizer (b) which generates an acid upon absorption of actinic radiation, and at least one compound taken from the group of ##STR1## as defined, binder (a) being plasticized by the decomposition product of either compound (c) or (d) or the combination thereof. The photosensitive element is useful in making color proofs.

Abstract: Flexographic printing plates are prepared from photosensitive elastomeric compositions which comprise(1) about 15 to about 89 percent by weight of a carbamated poly(vinyl alcohol) polymeric binder,(2) about 10 to about 70 percent by weight of a compatible monomer, and(3) about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of a free-radical generating system.

Abstract: Improved aqueous photoresist compositions comprising a water-soluble polymeric material and a photosensitive cross-linking agent, therefore, having the formula: ##STR1## wherein, A and B are independently amino or nitro and M is an alkali metal or ammonium ion, and process of exposing and developing same.

Abstract: A photosensitive element which comprises a support bearing a layer of negative-working tonable photoimaging composition comprising at least one organic polymeric binder (a), a photosensitizer (b) which generates an acid upon absorption of actinic radiation, and at least one compound taken from the group of ##STR1## as defined, binder (a) being plasticized by the decomposition product of either compound (c) or (d) or the combination thereof. The photosensitive element is useful in making color proofs.

Abstract: To accelerate printing of resist materials on a CRT color panel, an additive is incorporated into the resist to enhance cross-linking upon exposure to actinic radiation.

Abstract: A negative-working dry peel apart photopolymerizable element consisting essentially of a photopolymerizable layer between a support and cover sheet, the photopolymerizable layer containing (1) at least two halogen-free polymeric organic binders, (2) a photoinitiator system and (3) at least one monomer present in an amount in excess of the absorptive capacity of the binders for the monomer, at least one polymeric binder which is incompatible in the layer contains 0.5 to 40.0% by weight of polyvinylformal based on the total weight of polymeric binder and is present as a dispersed phase in the layer. The element is useful in color projection transparencies, seismic readout and as photoresists.

Abstract: Charge leakage can occur at a photoconductor-conductor electrode interface of a thermoplastic photoconductive holographic recording medium. This reduces the charge contrast and causes poor performance of the thermoplastic-photoconductive device. In the present invention there is provided a blocking layer of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl butyral between the conductive layer and the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition useful as a photoresist which may be completely processed by dry techniques, especially by means of an oxygen plasma.The composition includes an N-vinylmonomer and an organic hydrogen compound in a binder which contributes significantly to the utility of the composition in the fabrication of micro-electronic devices.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable system is provided as a latex system that is an oil-in-water polymer emulsion including particulates of water-insoluble polymers in combination with a water-soluble or water-dispersible, light-sensitive polymer having multiple light-sensitive moieties. Prior to coating onto a substrate, the system is a three-phase precursor emulsion of the emulsion particulates, the water phase, and the light-sensitive polymer. After coating, the bulk of the water phase is evaporated off, leaving a two-phase system of the emulsion particulates surrounded by the light-sensitive polymer. When selected areas are subjected to actinic radiation, a water-insoluble matrix is formed, the matrix containing cross-linked light-sensitive polymer having dispersed therethrough and/or included therein the water-insoluble polymer particulates, thus forming oleophilic image areas.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition for the production of water-developable printing plates and relief plates, based on a water-soluble or water-dispersible mixture, containing a photoinitiator, of(a) one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers containing copolymerized N-vinylpyrrolidone units and/or one or more polymers containing vinyl alcohol units and(b) one or more olefinically unsaturated photopolymerizable monomers,which comprises, as an additive or as the sole polymer, a water-soluble modified vinyl alcohol polymer which contains from 5 to 75, especially from 10 to 60, % by weight of chemically bonded oxyethylene units. These modified vinyl alcohol polymers are in particular oxyethylated polyvinyl alcohol or hydrolyzed graft polymers of vinyl esters onto polyethylene glycols. The compositions are easier to process into printing plates and relief plates, and exhibit a long shelf life.

Abstract: Additions of fluorescein or a fluorescein salt and a diol to a photosensitized polymeric material increase the photosensitivity thereof in a method for photodepositing a luminescent-screen structure for a cathode-ray tube.

Abstract: Flexographic printing plates are prepared from photosensitive elastomeric compositions which comprise(1) about 15 to about 89 percent by weight of a carbamated poly(vinyl alcohol) polymeric binder,(2) about 10 to about 70 percent by weight of a compatible monomer, and(3) about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of a free-radical generating system.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition and photosensitive elements produced therefrom are disclosed. The photopolymerizable composition includes: (a) a monomer component, (b) a polymer component, (c) a photopolymerization initiator, and (d) an activator.The monomer component contains at least one water soluble, monofunctional unsaturated ethylenic monomer or the combination of such a monomer and at least one polyfunctional unsaturated ethylenic monomer.The polymer component includes a partially saponified water soluble, polyvinyl acetate polymer compatible with the monomer components. The polyvinyl acetate polymer contains both acetyl and hydroxyl groups and has a polymerization degree of from 300-2000. The degree of saponification of the polymer is desirably in the range of 65 to 99 percent.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable system is provided as a latex system that is an oil-in-water polymer emulsion including particulates of water-insoluble polymers in combination with a water-soluble or water-dispersible, light-sensitive polymer having multiple light-sensitive moieties. Prior to coating onto a substrate, the system is a three-phase precursor emulsion of the emulsion particulates, the water phase, and the light-sensitive polymer. After coating, the bulk of the water phase is evaporated off, leaving a two-phase system of the emulsion particulates surrounded by the light-sensitive polymer. When selected areas are subjected to actinic radiation, a water-insoluble matrix is formed, the matrix containing cross-linked light-sensitive polymer having dispersed therethrough and/or included therein the water-soluble polymer particulates, thus forming oleophilic image areas.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to photopolymerizable compositions useful for making plastic printing elements for use in photolithography and other photomechanical processes. The photopolymerizable compositions comprise an aqueous mixture of a water-insoluble resin, a water-soluble binder, a crosslinking agent, and a photopolymerization initiator having an alpha-keto ester linkage. In particular, photopolymerization initiators include oxalic acid, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, lithium oxalate and urea oxalate. The printing plates prepared from the compositions herein disclosed have improved ink receptivity, good retention of such ink, receptivity even after long continued use, greater durability and excellent binding qualities.