Abstract: There is provided a technique includes: a process chamber in which a substrate is processed; a plurality of microwave supply sources configured to supply predetermined microwaves for heating the substrate in the process chamber; and a controller configured to control the microwave supply sources such that while keeping constant a sum of outputs of the microwaves respectively supplied to the substrate from the plurality of microwave supply sources, at least one of the plurality of microwave supply sources is turned off, and periods in which the at least one of the plurality of microwave supply sources is turned off are different from each other.

Abstract: A memory array comprising strings of memory cells comprises laterally-spaced memory blocks individually comprising a vertical stack comprising alternating insulative tiers and conductive tiers. Operative channel-material strings of memory cells extend through the insulative tiers and the conductive tiers. Intervening material is laterally-between and longitudinally-along immediately-laterally-adjacent of the memory blocks. The intervening material comprises longitudinally-alternating first and second regions that individually have a vertically-elongated seam therein. The vertically-elongated seam in the first regions are taller than in the second regions. Additional embodiments, including method, are disclosed.

Abstract: Kesterite photovoltaic devices having a back surface field layer are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a photovoltaic device includes: forming a complete photovoltaic device having a substrate, an electrically conductive layer on the substrate, an absorber layer on the electrically conductive layer, a buffer layer on the absorber layer, and a transparent front contact on the buffer layer; removing the substrate and the electrically conductive layer from the complete photovoltaic device to expose a backside surface of the absorber layer; forming a passivating layer on the backside surface of the absorber layer; and forming a high work function back contact on the passivating layer. A photovoltaic device having a passivating layer is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel of a liquid crystal device as an electro-optic device includes a recessed portion provided in a pixel in a base substrate, a scanning line as a first light-shielding layer and a data line as a second light-shielding layer provided on the base substrate, the scanning line and the data line being disposed sequentially from a base substrate side in a thickness direction of the base substrate with a space between the scanning line and the data line, in a thickness direction of the base substrate, a transistor provided between the scanning line and the data line, a first insulation layer covering the data line, and disposed along the recessed portion, and a second insulation layer being in contact with the first insulation layer, and having a refractive index n2 that is higher than a refractive index n1 of the first insulation layer.

Abstract: A material layer, a semiconductor device including the material layer, and methods of forming the material layer and the semiconductor device are provided herein. A method of forming a SiOCN material layer may include supplying a silicon source onto a substrate, supplying a carbon source onto the substrate, supplying an oxygen source onto the substrate, supplying a nitrogen source onto the substrate, and supplying hydrogen onto the substrate. When a material layer is formed according to a method of the present inventive concepts, a material layer having a high tolerance to wet etching and/or good electric characteristics may be formed, and may even be formed when the method is performed at a low temperature.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device, including: providing a display element layer on a substrate; forming a thin film encapsulation layer covering the display element layer; aging the thin film encapsulation layer by using a light source emitting artificial sunlight; and forming a window on the aged thin film encapsulation layer.

Abstract: A novel oxide semiconductor film. An oxide semiconductor film with a small amount of defects. An oxide semiconductor film in which a peak value of the density of shallow defect states at an interface between the oxide semiconductor film and an insulating film is small. The oxide semiconductor film includes In, M (M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn), Zn, and a region in which a peak value of a density of shallow defect states is less than 1E13 per square cm per volt.

Abstract: There is provide a technique that includes preparing a substrate, in which an insulating film is formed on a pattern having an aspect ratio of 20 or greater and a process target film having a thickness of 200 ? or smaller is formed on the insulating film, in a process chamber; raising a temperature of the substrate to a first temperature with an electromagnetic wave; crystallizing the process target film for a first process time period while maintaining the first temperature; raising the temperature of the substrate to a second temperature, which is higher than the first temperature, with the electromagnetic wave, after the act of crystallizing the process target film; and repairing a crystal defect of the crystallized process target film for a second process time period, which is shorter than the first process time period, while maintaining the second temperature.

Abstract: A technique includes forming a film containing a first element, a second element and carbon on a substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times. The cycle includes non-simultaneously performing supplying a first precursor having chemical bonds between the first elements to a substrate, supplying a second precursor having chemical bonds between the first element and carbon without having the chemical bonds between the first elements to the substrate, and supplying a first reactant containing the second element to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a semiconductor substrate, forming on the semiconductor substrate a dummy gate interface layer and a dummy gate of a core device and a gate interface layer and a dummy gate of an IO device, removing the dummy gates of the core and IO devices, removing the dummy gate interface layer of the core device, forming a gate interface layer in the original location of the removed dummy gate interface layer, forming a high-k dielectric layer each on the gate interface layer of the core and IO devices, and submitting the semiconductor substrate to a high-pressure fluorine annealing. The high-pressure fluorine annealing causes the gate interface layer and the high-k dielectric layer of the core and IO devices to be doped with fluoride ions.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) structure having a multi-layer charge storing layer and methods of forming the same are provided. Generally, the method involves: (i) forming a first oxide layer of the ONO structure; (ii) forming a multi-layer charge storing layer comprising nitride on a surface of the first oxide layer; and (iii) forming a second oxide layer of the ONO structure on a surface of the multi-layer charge storing layer. Preferably, the charge storing layer comprises at least two silicon oxynitride layers having differing stochiometric compositions of Oxygen, Nitrogen and/or Silicon. More preferably, the ONO structure is part of a silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) structure and the semiconductor device is a SONOS memory transistor. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for selective oxidation of silicon containing materials in a semiconductor device is disclosed and claimed. In one aspect, a rapid thermal processing apparatus is used to selectively oxidize a substrate by in-situ steam generation at high pressure in a hydrogen rich atmosphere. Other materials, such as metals and barrier layers, in the substrate are not oxidized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flexible display device and method of manufacturing the same in which a method of manufacturing a flexible display device may include forming a sacrificial layer on a support substrate, the sacrificial layer including at least one barrier layer and a separation layer, the barrier layer having a higher hydrogen content than that of the separation layer; forming a first flexible substrate on the support substrate provided with the sacrificial layer; forming a plurality of device elements on the first flexible substrate; and irradiating a laser onto the sacrificial layer through the support substrate and separating the support substrate from the first substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an integrated chip having one or more back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) stress compensation layers that reduce stress on one or more underlying semiconductor devices, and an associated method of formation. In some embodiments, the integrated chip has a semiconductor substrate with one or more semiconductor devices. A stressed element is located within a back-end-of-the-line stack at a position overlying the one or more semiconductor devices. A stressing layer is located over the stressed element induces a stress upon the stressed element. A stress compensation layer, located over the stressed element, provides a counter-stress to reduce the stress induced on the stressed element by the stressing layer. By reducing the stress induced on the stressed element, stress on the semiconductor substrate is reduced, improving uniformity of performance of the one or more semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A thin film having a high resistance to HF and a low dielectric constant is formed with high productivity. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes performing a cycle a predetermined number of times, the cycle including: (a) supplying a source gas containing a predetermined element, carbon and a halogen element and having a chemical bond between the predetermined element and carbon to a substrate; and (b) supplying a reactive gas including a borazine compound to the substrate, wherein the cycle is performed under a condition where a borazine ring structure in the borazine compound and at least a portion of the chemical bond between the predetermined element and carbon in the source gas are preserved to form a thin film including the borazine ring structure and the chemical bond between the predetermined element and carbon on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming a carbon-rich silicon carbide-like dielectric film having a carbon concentration of greater than, or equal to, about 30 atomic % C and a dielectric constant of less than, or equal to, about 4.5 is provided. The dielectric film may optionally include nitrogen. When nitrogen is present, the carbon-rich silicon carbide-like dielectric film has a concentration nitrogen that is less than, or equal, to about 5 atomic % nitrogen.

Abstract: The invention generally related to a method for preparing a layer of graphene directly on the surface of a substrate, such as a semiconductor substrate. The layer of graphene may be formed in direct contact with the surface of the substrate, or an intervening layer of a material may be formed between the substrate surface and the graphene layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device including a substrate, an anode layer on the substrate, the anode layer including WOxNy (2.2?x?2.6 and 0.22?y?0.26), an emission structure layer on the anode layer, and a cathode layer on the emission structure layer.

Abstract: An insulating layer containing a silicon peroxide radical is used as an insulating layer in contact with an oxide semiconductor layer for forming a channel. Oxygen is released from the insulating layer, whereby oxygen deficiency in the oxide semiconductor layer and an interface state between the insulating layer and the oxide semiconductor layer can be reduced. Accordingly, a semiconductor device where reliability is high and variation in electric characteristics is small can be manufactured.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes supplying a precursor gas to a substrate; supplying a reaction gas to a plasma generation region; supplying high frequency power to the plasma generation region; and generating plasma of the reaction gas by adjusting a pressure of the plasma generation region to a first pressure before the reaction gas is supplied and adjusting the pressure of the plasma generation region to a second pressure lower than the first pressure while the reaction gas and the high frequency power are supplied.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a nonvolatile charge trap memory device and the device are described. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a substrate in an oxidation chamber, wherein the substrate comprises a first exposed crystal plane and a second exposed crystal plane, and wherein the crystal orientation of the first exposed crystal plane is different from the crystal orientation of the second exposed crystal plane. The substrate is then subjected to a radical oxidation process to form a first portion of a dielectric layer on the first exposed crystal plane and a second portion of the dielectric layer on the second exposed crystal plane, wherein the thickness of the first portion of the dielectric layer is approximately equal to the thickness of the second portion of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed a method for manufacturing an oxide layer, applicable to a manufacture procedure of a field oxide layer of a CMOS transistor in the field of semiconductor manufacturing, the method includes: injecting a first gas satisfying a first predetermined condition into a processing furnace in which a first CMOS transistor semi-finished product formed with an N-well and a P-well is placed, and dry-oxidizing the first CMOS transistor semi-finished product into a second CMOS transistor semi-finished product; and injecting a second gas satisfying a second predetermined condition different from the first predetermined condition into the processing furnace, and wet-oxidizing the second CMOS transistor semi-finished product into a third CMOS transistor semi-finished product.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a nonvolatile charge trap memory device is described. The method includes subjecting a substrate to a first oxidation process to form a tunnel oxide layer overlying a polysilicon channel, and forming over the tunnel oxide layer a multi-layer charge storing layer comprising an oxygen-rich, first layer comprising a nitride, and an oxygen-lean, second layer comprising a nitride on the first layer. The substrate is then subjected to a second oxidation process to consume a portion of the second layer and form a high-temperature-oxide (HTO) layer overlying the multi-layer charge storing layer. The stoichiometric composition of the first layer results in it being substantially trap free, and the stoichiometric composition of the second layer results in it being trap dense. The second oxidation process can comprise a plasma oxidation process or a radical oxidation process using In-Situ Steam Generation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: housing a substrate into a processing chamber; and forming a metal nitride film on the substrate by supplying a source gas containing a metal element, a nitrogen-containing gas and a hydrogen-containing gas into the processing chamber; wherein in forming the metal nitride film, the source gas and the nitrogen-containing gas are intermittently supplied into the processing chamber, or the source gas and the nitrogen-containing gas are intermittently and alternately supplied into the processing chamber, or the source gas is intermittently supplied into the processing chamber in a state that supply of the nitrogen-containing gas into the processing chamber is continued, and the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied into the processing chamber during at least supply of the nitrogen-containing gas into the processing chamber.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor includes steps as following: providing a semiconductor substrate; forming a metal oxide semiconductor region having an oxide layer, which has a thickness greater than 1 micrometer, on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate; forming the oxide layer as an isolation region of the metal oxide semiconductor region and a heat-isolation region of a poly heater; forming a poly gate of the metal oxide semiconductor region as at least a portion of the poly heater; forming an interlayer dielectric layer; and processing a selenium etching. Under this circumstance, the oxide layer is applied so as to be the isolation region of the metal oxide semiconductor region and a heat-isolation region of the poly heater, the poly gate of the metal oxide semiconductor region is sufficiently utilized as the poly heater, and the heat-dissipation of the poly heater is optimized.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device includes the following steps. A silicon carbide substrate is heated in an atmosphere containing oxygen, so as to form a gate insulating film on and in contact with the silicon carbide substrate. The silicon carbide substrate having the gate insulating film is heated at 1250° C. or more in an atmosphere containing nitrogen and nitrogen monoxide. A value obtained by dividing partial pressure of the nitrogen monoxide by a total of partial pressure of the nitrogen and the partial pressure of the nitrogen monoxide in the second heating step is more than 3% and less than 10%. Accordingly, there can be provided a method for manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device having high mobility.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer, on the surface of which a silicon dioxide base material and an amorphous silicon thin film are formed in this order, is carried into a chamber. An insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is connected with a power supply circuit to a flash lamp, and the IGBT makes an energization period to the flash lamp to be 0.01 millisecond or more and 1 millisecond or less, consequently making a flash light irradiation time to be 0.01 millisecond or more and 1 millisecond or less. Since a flash heat treatment is performed with a remarkably short flash light irradiation time, the excessive heating of the thin film of amorphous silicon is suppressed and harmful influence such as the exfoliation of the film is prevented.

Abstract: A silicon member and a method of producing the silicon member are provided. Cracking is suppressed in the silicon member even if the silicon member is used in a condition where it is heated. The silicon member 10 includes a coating layer 11 that coats a surface of the silicon member 10, wherein the coating layer 11 is composed of a product of silicon formed by reaction of the silicon on the surface, and a thickness of the coating layer is 15 nm or more and 600 nm or less. It is preferable that the coating layer is a silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride film.

Abstract: Embodiments include semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrates having SOI layers strained by oxidation of the base substrate layer and methods of forming the same. The method may include forming a strained channel region in a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate including a buried insulator (BOX) layer above a base substrate layer and a SOI layer above the BOX layer by first etching the SOI layer and the BOX layer to form a first isolation recess region and a second isolation recess region. A portion of the SOI layer between the first isolation recess region and the second isolation recess region defines a channel region in the SOI layer. A portion of the base substrate layer below the first isolation recess region and below the second isolation recess region may then be oxidized to form a first oxide region and a second oxide region, respectively, that apply compressive strain to the channel region.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device that has a semiconductor element including a film in which mixing impurities is suppressed. It is another object to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device with high yield. In a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device in which an insulating film is formed in contact with a semiconductor layer provided over a substrate having an insulating surface with use of a plasma CVD apparatus, after an inner wall of a reaction chamber of the plasma CVD apparatus is coated with a film that does not include an impurity to the insulating film, a substrate is introduced in the reaction chamber, and the insulating film is deposited over the substrate. As a result, an insulating film in which the amount of impurities is reduced can be formed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes the steps of: preparing an underlying structure having a silicon carbide layer covering a copper wiring, and growing silicon oxycarbide on the underlying structure by vapor deposition using, as source gas, tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas, a flow rate of said oxygen gas being at most 3% of a flow rate of the carbon dioxide gas. The surface of the silicon carbide layer of the underlying structure may be treated with a plasma of weak oxidizing gas which contains oxygen and has a molecular weight larger than that of O2 to bring the surface more hydrophilic. Film peel-off and cracks in the interlayer insulating layer decrease.

Abstract: Metal gate high-k capacitor structures with lithography patterning are used to extract gate work function using a combinatorial workflow. Oxide terracing, together with high productivity combinatorial process flow for metal deposition can provide optimum high-k gate dielectric and metal gate solutions for high performance logic transistors. The high productivity combinatorial technique can provide an evaluation of effective work function for given high-k dielectric metal gate stacks for PMOS and NMOS transistors, which is critical in identifying and selecting the right materials.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating integrated circuits are provided. In an embodiment, a method for fabricating an integrated circuit includes providing a semiconductor substrate having a gate structure. An atomic layer deposition (ALD) process is performed to deposit a spacer around the gate structure. The ALD process includes alternating flowing ionized radicals of a first precursor across the semiconductor substrate and flowing a chlorosilane precursor across the semiconductor substrate to deposit the spacer.

Abstract: The method includes a step of forming a mask having an opening, for forming an opening in multiple insulating films, above a semiconductor substrate on which a member becoming a first insulating film, a member becoming a second insulating film being different from the member becoming the first insulating film, a member becoming a third insulating film, and a member becoming a fourth insulating film being different from the member becoming the third insulating film are stacked in this order; a first step of continuously removing the member becoming the fourth insulating film and the member becoming the third insulating film at a portion corresponding to the opening of the mask; and a second step of removing the member becoming the second insulating film, after the first step, at a portion corresponding to the opening of the mask.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device which includes a MISFET, includes: forming a gate insulating film on a semiconductor substrate; forming a gate electrode on the gate insulating film; implanting nitrogen equal to or more than 5.0e14 atoms/cm2 and equal to or less than 1.5e15 atoms/cm2 in the semiconductor substrate by tilted ion implantation in a direction from an outside to an inside with respect to side surfaces of the gate electrode; depositing a metal film including nickel on areas in which nitrogen atoms are implanted, the areas are in a semiconductor substrate on both sides of the gate electrode; and performing first heat processing of reacting the metal film and the semiconductor substrate and forming metal semiconductor compound layers, the shapes of the layers are controlled by the nitrogen profiles of the areas.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a lower interfacial layer on a semiconductor layer, the lower interfacial layer being a nitride layer, forming an intermediate interfacial layer on the lower interfacial layer, the intermediate interfacial layer being an oxide layer, and forming a high-k dielectric layer on the intermediate interfacial layer. The high-k dielectric layer has a dielectric constant that is higher than dielectric constants of the lower interfacial layer and the intermediate interfacial layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a carbon-rich silicon carbide-like dielectric film having a carbon concentration of greater than, or equal to, about 30 atomic % C and a dielectric constant of less than, or equal to, about 4.5 is provided. The dielectric film may optionally include nitrogen. When nitrogen is present, the carbon-rich silicon carbide-like dielectric film has a concentration nitrogen that is less than, or equal, to about 5 atomic % nitrogen.

Abstract: A method of selective deposition on silicon substrates having regions of bare silicon and regions of oxide formed thereon. The method includes placing the substrate on a wafer support inside a processing chamber, introducing a carbon-containing gas into the reactor, applying a bias to the substrate, generating a plasma from the hydrocarbon gas, implanting carbon ions into the regions of oxide on the substrate by a plasma doping process, and depositing a carbon-containing film on the bare silicon regions.

Abstract: A method for fabricating the gate dielectric layer comprises forming a high-k dielectric layer over a substrate; forming an oxygen-containing layer on the high-k dielectric layer by an atomic layer deposition process; and performing an inert plasma treatment on the oxygen-containing layer.

Abstract: Methods for depositing high-K dielectrics are described, including depositing a first electrode on a substrate, wherein the first electrode is chosen from the group consisting of platinum and ruthenium, applying an oxygen plasma treatment to the exposed metal to reduce the contact angle of a surface of the metal, and depositing a titanium oxide layer on the exposed metal using at least one of a chemical vapor deposition process and an atomic layer deposition process, wherein the titanium oxide layer comprises at least a portion rutile titanium oxide.

Abstract: Provided are processes for the low temperature deposition of silicon-containing films using carbosilane precursors containing a carbon atom bridging at least two silicon atoms. Certain methods comprise providing a substrate; in a PECVD process, exposing the substrate surface to a carbosilane precursor containing at least one carbon atom bridging at least two silicon atoms; exposing the carbosilane precursor to a low-powered energy sourcedirect plasma to provide a carbosilane at the substrate surface; and densifying the carbosilanestripping away at least some of the hydrogen atoms to provide a film comprising SiC. The SiC film may be exposed to the carbosilane surface to a nitrogen source to provide a film comprising SiCN.

Abstract: In order to provide a method for manufacturing a single crystal SiC substrate that can obtain an SiC layer with good crystallinity, an Si substrate 1 having a surface Si layer 3 of a predetermined thickness and an embedded insulating layer 4 is prepared, and when the Si substrate 1 is heated in a carbon-series gas atmosphere to convert the surface Si layer 3 into a single crystal SiC layer 6, the Si layer in the vicinity of an interface 8 with the embedded insulating layer 4 is left as a residual Si layer 5.

Abstract: It is made possible to restrain generation of defects at the time of insulating film formation. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes: placing a semiconductor substrate into an atmosphere, thereby forming a nitride film on a surface of the semiconductor substrate, the atmosphere containing a first nitriding gas nitriding the surface of the semiconductor substrate and a first diluent gas not actually reacting with the semiconductor substrate, the ratio of the sum of the partial pressure of the first diluent gas and the partial pressure of the first nitriding gas to the partial pressure of the first nitriding gas being 5 or higher, and the total pressure of the atmosphere being 40 Torr or lower.

Abstract: Methods of treating the interior of a plasma region are described. The methods include a preventative maintenance procedure or the start-up of a new substrate processing chamber having a remote plasma system. A new interior surface is exposed within the remote plasma system. The (new) interior surfaces are then treated by sequential steps of (1) forming a remote plasma from hydrogen-containing precursor within the remote plasma system and then (2) exposing the interior surfaces to water vapor. Steps (1)-(2) are repeated at least ten times to complete the burn-in process. Following the treatment of the interior surfaces, a substrate may be transferred into a substrate processing chamber. A dielectric film may then be formed on the substrate by flowing one precursor through the remote plasma source and combining the plasma effluents with a second precursor flowing directly to the substrate processing region.

Abstract: An atomic layer deposition apparatus and an atomic layer deposition method increase productivity. The atomic layer deposition apparatus includes a reaction chamber, a heater for supporting a plurality of semiconductor substrates with a given interval within the reaction chamber and to heat the plurality of semiconductor substrates and a plurality of injectors respectively positioned within the reaction chamber and corresponding to the plurality of semiconductor substrates supported by the heater. The plurality of injectors are individually swept above the plurality of semiconductor substrates to spray reaction gas.

Abstract: A method for selective oxidation of silicon containing materials in a semiconductor device is disclosed and claimed. In one aspect, a rapid thermal processing apparatus is used to selectively oxidize a substrate by in-situ steam generation at high pressure in a hydrogen rich atmosphere. Other materials, such as metals and barrier layers, in the substrate are not oxidized.

Abstract: A semiconductor-on-insulator structure includes a buried dielectric layer interposed between a base semiconductor substrate and a surface semiconductor layer. The buried dielectric layer comprises an oxide material that includes a nitrogen gradient that peaks at the interface of the buried dielectric layer with at least one of the base semiconductor substrate and surface semiconductor layer. The interface of the buried dielectric layer with the at least one of the base semiconductor substrate and surface semiconductor layer is abrupt, providing a transition in less than about 5 atomic layer thickness, and having less than about 10 angstroms RMS interfacial roughness. A second dielectric layer comprising an oxide dielectric material absent nitrogen may be located interposed between the buried dielectric layer and the surface semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a thin film on a substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times. The cycle includes supplying a source gas to the substrate, and supplying excited species from each of a plurality of excitation units provided at a side of the substrate to the substrate. Each of the plurality of excitation units generates the excited species by plasma-exciting a reaction gas. In supplying the excited species from each of the plurality of excitation units, an in-plane distribution of the excited species supplied from at least one of the plurality of excitation units in the substrate differs from an in-plane distribution of the excited species supplied from another excitation unit, other than the at least one excitation unit, among the plurality of excitation units, in the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and durable anode materials and anodes for use in nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. The present invention also relates to methods for producing these anode materials. In the present invention, a metal-semiconductor alloy layer is formed on an anode material by contacting a portion of the anode material with a displacement solution. The displacement solution contains ions of the metal to be deposited and a dissolution component for dissolving a part of the semiconductor in the anode material. When the anode material is contacted with the displacement solution, the dissolution component dissolves a part of the semiconductor in the anode material thereby providing electrons to reduce the metal ions and deposit the metal on the anode material. After deposition, the anode material and metal are annealed to form a uniform metal-semiconductor alloy layer.

Abstract: In various embodiments, semiconductor structures and methods to manufacture these structures are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method to manufacture a semiconductor structure includes forming a cavity in a substrate. A portion of the substrate is doped, or a doped material is deposited over a portion of the substrate. At least a portion of the doped substrate or at least a portion of the doped material is converted to a dielectric material to enclose the cavity. The forming of the cavity may occur before or after the doping of the substrate or the depositing of the doped material. Other embodiments are described and claimed.