Abstract: A fuel oil comprising:

Abstract: Winterized wax crystal modifiers which remain fluid at temperatures ranging from about −40° F. to 160° F. and methods for winterizing wax crystal modifiers are provided.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an ethylene/vinyl acetate or propionate/vinyl branched carboxylate terpolymer improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.

Abstract: A composition comprising a hydrogenated block diene polymer and saturated hydrocarbon mixture as a cold flow improver in an oil.

Abstract: A mixture of petroleum waxes improves the low temperature flow properties of oils.

Abstract: Compositions comprising copolymers of ethylene and an ester of an unsaturated alcohol and a carboxylic acid having at least 3 carbon atoms improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fuel lubricity additive, made by a two-step process wherein the first step is co-reacting an unsaturated base oil, predominantly from vegetable oil sources, and a compound having a diene structure and a carboxylic acid group, wherein the second step is esterifying or amidifying the free carboxylic acid group of anhydride group with a poly-hydroxy-containing compound or poly-amine compound to form the final fuel lubricity additive useful in diesel fuels. The inventive fuel lubricity additive also is useful as a dispersant.

Abstract: Specific polymers of ethylene and different unsaturated esters provide oils with improved low temperature flow properties.

Abstract: Copolymer comprising ethylene units and vinyl formate units, the content of free vinyl formate in the polymer preferably being not more than 5000 ppm, based on the weight of the copolymer, a process for its preparation, and its use as flow improver, especially in petroleum distillates, preferably fuel and propellant compositions, especially petroleum middle distillates, and also a fuel and propellant composition comprising a principal quantity of a fuel and propellant and that quantity of a copolymer as above which is effective in improving the flow properties.

Abstract: There are disclosed fuel compositions containing an additive formed by admixture of (i) at least one ethylene polymer, (ii) the product of the condensation reaction between an aldehyde or ketone or reactive equivalent thereof and at least one compound comprising one or more aromatic moieties having at least one substituent of the formula XR1 and one further substituent R2 wherein X is oxygen of sulfur, R1 is hydrogen or a moiety bearing at least one hydrocarbyl group and R2 represents a hydrocarbyl group and (iii) at least one oil soluble polar nitrogen compound different from the condensation product and having one or more substituents of the formula NR13 where R13 represents a hydrocarbyl group containing 8 to 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A class of waxes improves the low temperature flow properties of oils.

Abstract: Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one &agr;, &bgr; unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C3-C20 &agr;-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.

Abstract: Use of a hydrogenated diene polymer with a polar group to improve cold flow improver adpack compatibility.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an ethylene/vinyl acetate or propionate/vinyl linear carboxylate terpolymer improve the low temperature properties of oils having wax contents of at least 3% wt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more at 4.0 wt % or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt % or less, and is incorporated with 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of an FI and 0.002 to 0.1 wt % of lubricity improver.

Abstract: The present invention provides diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more 4.0 wt % or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt % or less, and is incorporated with 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of a FI.

Abstract: A process for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oils comprising the addition to fuel oil of an additive comprising copolymers of lower olefins and vinyl esters and a terpolymer of 4-methylpentene-1 and an additive composition comprising copolymers of lower olefins and vinyl esters and a terpolymer of 4-methylpentene-1.

Abstract: Copolymer comprising ethylene units and vinyl formate units, the content of free vinyl formate in the polymer preferably being not more than 5000 ppm, based on the weight of the copolymer, a process for its preparation, and its use as flow improver, especially in petroleum distillates, preferably fuel and propellant compositions, especially petroleum middle distillates, and also a fuel and propellant composition comprising a principal quantity of a fuel and propellant and that quantity of a copolymer as above which is effective in improving the flow properties.

Abstract: Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one .alpha., .beta. unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.

Abstract: The low temperature flow properties of wax-containing liquids are improved by adding a composition comprising (i) a polymer of a C.sub.8-20 alkyl ester of an ethyleneically unsaturated 1,2-diacid, and (ii) the reaction product of an alkanolamine with a C.sub.8-50 hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprising: (A) a major proportion of a middle distillate petroleum fuel having a wax content of less than 2 wt % at 10.degree. C. below the wax appearance point of the fuel, and either: (i) a final boiling point of greater than 355.degree. C. and either a (90-20%) distillation range of greater than 115 .degree. C. or a (FBP-90%) distillation range of 30.degree. C. or greater; or (ii) a final boiling point of greater than 360.degree. C. and either a (90-20%) distillation range of greater than 110.degree. C. or a (FBP-90%) distillation range of 25.degree. C. or greater; or (iii) a final boiling point of greater than 370.degree. C. and either a (90-20%) distillation range of greater than 100.degree. C. or a (FBP-90%) distillation range of 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive for improving the flow properties of paraffin-containing mineral oils and mineral oil distillates, comprising a mixture of at least one ethylene/vinyl ester copolymer or terpolymer and at least one paraffin dispersant, wherein said mixture contains ethers and/or esters as solubilizers, wherea) the ethers conform to the formula 1R--O--R' (1)in which R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R' is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms,b) the esters are derived from monobasic or polybasic carboxylic acids having 4 to 30 carbon atoms (acid radical) and from monohydric or polyhydric alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (alcohol radical), orc) the ethers and/or esters are cyclic, with a ring size of from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.The invention furthermore relates to a process for improving the flow properties of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates which comprises adding the novel additive thereto.

Abstract: Improving the flowability of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates using alkylphenol-aldehyde resinsThe invention relates to a process for improving the flowability of paraffin-containing mineral oils and mineral oil distillates by adding flow improvers based on ethylene/vinyl ester co- and terpolymers, alkylphenol-aldehyde resins and, if appropriate, other paraffin dispersants, mixtures of these different flow improvers and mineral oils and mineral oil distillates which comprise these flow improvers.

Abstract: Additive compositions comprising an ethylene/vinyl acetate or propionate/vinyl branched carboxylate terpolymer and an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulphur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a lubricity enhancing additive in combination with an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer.

Abstract: Polymer blends containa) from 10 to 90% by weight of an imide of a copolymer based on an .alpha.-olefin and on an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a polyamine andb) from 10 to 90% by weight of a copolymer which differs from a) and contains at least two monomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acrylates, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers and ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid derivatives,and are used as additives for mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: The low temperature properties of a blend of biofuel and petroleum-based fuel oil are improved by the addition of an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer, or a comb polymer, or a polar N compound, or a compound having at least one linear alkyl groups connected to a non-polymeric organic residue.

Abstract: Compositions comprising (a) an ethylene-mixed unsaturated ester copolymer or (b) two or more ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymers differing in their ester chains improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.

Abstract: Additives having certain hydrocarbyl groups improve the low temperature properties of hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: Terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and isobutylene as flow improvers in distillate fuels. The terpolymers have number average molecular weights in the range of about 1,600 to about 3,000, and weight average molecular weights in the range of about 4,000 to about 18,000. These terpolymers provide improved low temperature flow characteristics in middle distillate fuels.

Abstract: A composition having increased electrical conductivity, comprising a liquid hydrocarbon and an anti-static amount of a hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer. The copolymer has an alkylvinyl monomer unit to cationic vinyl monomer unit ratio of from about 1:1 to about 10:1, and has an average molecular weight of from about 800 to about 1,000,000. Other related compositions and methods for measuring electrical conductivity of liquids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A Koch functionalized product which is the reaction product of at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 500 and at least one ethylenic double bond per polymer chain, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The invention includes functionalized polymer, derivatives thereof and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A novel copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reactant and an atactic vinyl terminated propene polymer (VTPP) and its use in preparation of fuel and lubricant additives is taught. The VTPP has a major amount of polymer chains containing terminal vinyl unsaturation, a number average molecular weight of at least 500, and comprises at least 70 weight per cent propene and 0 to 30 weight per cent of at least one olefin selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 and C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 olefins. The unsaturated acidic reactant comprises at least one unsaturated C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 carboxylic or dicarboxylic acid or anhydride. An oil soluble dispersant additive of the invention useful in oleaginous compositions is prepared by contacting the atactic VTPP copolymer with at least one nucleophilic reagent selected from the group consisting of amines, alcohols, metal reactants and mixtures thereof under conditions effective to form adducts of the nucleophilic reagent with the copolymer.

Abstract: Compositions comprising two or more ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymers differing in their ester proportions improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.

Abstract: The present invention improves the low temperature flow property of a fuel oil having a boiling point of 120.degree.-150.degree. C. by adding a novel compound prepared by reacting pri-, sec- or tert-aliphatic amine containing alkyl group of 1-30 carbon atoms with 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-endo-.alpha.,.beta.-succinic acid or anhydride thereof together with a polymer having ethylene structure and/or a terpolymer of dialkyl fumarate-vinyl ester-vinyl ether.

Abstract: Compositions comprising two or more re-esterified ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymers, for example ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.

Abstract: Additives for distillate fuel are a copolymer of (1) an alpha olefin having two to seventeen carbon atoms per molecule or an aromatic substituted olefin having eight to forty carbon atoms per molecule and (2) a mono- or di-alkyl fumarate, itaconate, citraconate, mesaconate, trans- or cis-glutaconate, in which the alkyl group has 8 to 23 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are the oligomeric/polymeric reaction products of aromatic anhydrides and epoxides (or their corresponding acid/diol equivalents), with optional termonomers.

Abstract: Copolymers of straight chain alpha olefins and maleic anhydride esterified with an alcohol wherein the alpha olefin is of the formula:R.CH=CH.sub.2and the alcohol is of the formula:R.sup.1 OHin which at least one of R and R.sup.1 is greater than 10 and the sum of R and R.sup.1 is from 18 to 38 and R.sup.1 is linear or contains a methyl branch at the 1 or 2 position have been found to be effective additives for improving the low temperature properties of distillate fuels.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble fuel and lubricating oil additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably dicarboxylic acid or anhydride moieties), wherein the terminal unsaturation comprises terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The mono- and dicarboxylic acid or anhydride substituted polymers of this invention are useful per se as additives to lubricating oils, and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful fuel and lubricating oil additives, e.g., as dispersants.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer, and a comb polymer improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils, especially high wax content oils.

Abstract: Terpolymers of polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid/acrylonitrile are prepared by combining a polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid copolymer with at least one dinitrile to form a mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the terpolymer. Copolymers of polyolefin/acrylonitrile are obtained when the reaction is carried to completion. The total reaction masses obtained comprising terpolymer or copolymer, cyclic imide, solvent, when used, and any unreacted dinitrile find use as pour point depressants in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: The cold flow properties of distillate petroleum fuel are improved by adding a polymer or copolymer containing at least 25 wt. % of an n-alkyl ester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 alkyl group, e.g., methyl, R.sub.4 is COOR.sub.3, hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group preferably COOR.sub.3 and R.sub.3 has an average number of carbon atoms from 12 to 20 and contains a methyl branch at the 1 and/or 2 position.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are oligomeric/polymeric reaction products consisting of cross-linked anhydride and cross-linked epoxide (or their corresponding acid/diol equivalents), with optional termonomers.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are oligomeric/polymeric reaction products of anhydrides and long-chain epoxides (or their corresponding acid/diol equivalents) consisting of hydroxyl promoted polyesters and ester promoted polyesters.

Abstract: Terpolymers of polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid/acrylonitrile are prepared by combining a polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid copolymer with at least one dinitrile to form a mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the terpolymer. Copolymers of polyolefin/acrylonitrile are obtained when the reaction is carried to completion. The total reaction masses obtained comprising terpolymer or copolymer, cyclic imide, solvent, when used and any unreacted dinitrile find use as pour point depressants in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are the oligomeric/polymeric reaction products of one or more bicyclic or alkyl anhydrides or their diacid equivalents and one or more long-chain epoxides or their corresponding acid/diol equivalents, with optional termonomers.

Abstract: Terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and controlled amounts of isobutylene useful as pour point depressants in distillate oils.

Abstract: Terpolymers obtained by polymerizing a mixture of ethylene, vinyl acetate, and isobutyl vinyl ether, a process for their preparation, and methods of their use as additives for mineral oil distillates.

Abstract: Polyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, suitable for improvement of the viscosity index, are used as oil additives imparting improved dispersant and detergent effects in diesel and gasoline engines, said polyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates being copolymers comprising from 80 to 99.5 parts by weight of alkyl acrylates of methacrylates of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.1 is alkyl having from 6 to 24, and preferably from 8 to 20, carbon atoms, together with from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of at least one functionalized alkyl methacrylate of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and substituted with at least one OH group, or is a polyalkoxylated group of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.