Abstract: The invention provides an additive concentrate which comprises an oil soluble hydrocarbyl poly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamate having a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range 600 to 10,000 having at least one basic nitrogen atom wherein said hydrocarbyl group contains 1-30 carbon atoms, and an oil soluble hydrocarbyl amine of formula R—NH2 wherein R represents a group R′ or a group R′—CH2—, wherein R′ represents a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight (Mn)in the range 750 to 6,000; a gasoline composition containing such additive concentrate; and its preparation; and a method of operating a spark-ignition engine using such gasoline composition.

Abstract: There is described a fuel composition which is substantially free of alkoxylated compounds and is substantially free of long-chain alkyl alcohols having at least 6 C atoms, and contains at least 95% by volume of a hydrocarbon-based fuel and 0.1 to 5% by volume of an additive of the formula (I); R—CO—NR1R2 (I) in which R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 21 C atoms; and R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 atoms.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposits in the fuel vaporizer of a fuel reformer used to prepare a liquid hydrocarbon for use as a fuel in a fuel cell which comprises introducing into the fuel vaporizer a liquid hydrocarbon containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive and a fuel composition suitable for use in a fuel cell which comprises a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling range at atmospheric pressure falling between about 77 degrees F. (25 degrees C.) and about 437 degrees F. (225 degrees C.), a total sulfur content of less than 3 ppm, and containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposits in the fuel vaporizer of a fuel reformer used to prepare a liquid hydrocarbon for use as a fuel in a fuel cell which comprises introducing into the fuel vaporizer a liquid hydrocarbon containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive and a fuel composition suitable for use in a fuel cell which comprises a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling range at atmospheric pressure falling between about 77 degrees F. (25 degrees C.) and about 437 degrees F. (225 degrees C.), a total sulfur content of less than 3 ppm, and containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive.

Abstract: A fuel additive package is disclosed that prevents degradation of hydrocarbon fuels upon storage and permits extended use of such motor fuels without intake-valve deposit formation in vehicle motors. The additive contains an antioxidant, metal deactivator, corrosion inhibitor, and detergent. The corrosion inhibitor, preferably a carboxylic acid containing a carbon number equal to or less than 18 and the detergent component, preferably a polyisobutylene diamine are selected to avoid antagonistic effects with the antioxidant and metal deactivator components while the antioxidant and metal deactivator components are used in markedly reduced amounts to avoid antagonistic effects resulting in increased intake-valve deposits.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the vapour pressure (RVP) of a gasoline/alcohol mixture which comprises adding a surfactant composition comprising an alkanolamide, an alkoxylated alcohol and an alkoxylated fatty acid to a gasoline/alcohol mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides a gasoline composition comprising a major amount of a gasoline suitable for use in a spark ignition engine; 5 to 1000 ppmw, based on total composition, of a fatty acid salt of an alkoxylated oligoamine of general formula I 1

Abstract: The invention relates to low-temperature-stabilized additives for fuel oils having a sulfur content of up 0.05% by weight, comprising fatty acid mixtures of A1) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one saturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms, A2) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and B) at least one polar nitrogen-containing compound which is effective as paraffin dispersant in middle distillates, in an amount of from 0.01 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of A1), A2) and B), and to the use of said mixtures for improving the lubrication properties of low-sulfur middle distillates.

Abstract: The invention relates to fuel additive compositions for internal combustion engines and to fuels that contain the corresponding additives for internal combustion engines. The inventive fuel additive compositions for internal combustion engines have an excellent performance in keeping the inlet system clean and improved viscosity properties, especially at low temperatures.

Abstract: A fuel additive comprising a) at least one wax having a refractive index of greater than 1.4550 at 70° C. and a melting point of less than 40° C.

Abstract: A mixture suitable as fuel additive and lubricant additive and comprising essentially (A) at least one amine which carries a hydrocarbon radical having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 10,000, (B) at least one hydrocarbon polymer which has an average molecular weight of from 300 to 10,000 and may be present in unhydrogenated or hydrogenated form and (C) at least one conventional carrier oil has a weight ratio of component A to component B of from 80:20 to 60:40.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition for improving the delivery of friction modifier to the lubricant oil of an internal combustion engine comprising (a) a friction modifying amount of a reaction product of at least one natural or synthetic oil and at least one alkanolamine; and, (b) at least one fuel detergent is provided. Also provided is a fuel composition containing the fuel additive composition and a method for operating an engine employing the fuel composition therefor.

Abstract: A gasoline additive concentrate composition comprises a solvent, an alkoxylated fatty amine, and a partial ester having at least one free hydroxyl group and formed by reacting at least one fatty carboxylic acid and at least one polyhydric alcohol. A fuel composition comprises gasoline and the gasoline additive concentrate composition. A method of operating a gasoline internal combustion engine comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition and is effective in reducing fuel consumption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel conditioning process for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles. According to the present invention, on board a motor vehicle at a temperature of from 20° C. to 150° C. and at atmospheric pressure, nitrous gases essentially including nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, or dinitrogen monoxide, or gaseous mixtures thereof are passed through the liquid fuel of the motor vehicle, nitro compounds being formed in the fuel as a result of the passing through of the nitrous gases through the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to fuel additive compositions of detergents combined with fluidizers and to hydrocarbon fuel compositions containing these fuel additive compositions. The fuel additive compositions of the present invention combine a Mannich detergent, formed from reaction of an alkylphenol with an aldehyde and an amine, with a fluidizer that can be a polyetheramine or a polyether or a mixture thereof and, optionally, with a succinimide detergent. Fuel compositions containing these fuel additive compositions are very effective in reducing intake valve deposits in gasoline fueled engines, especially when the weight ratio of detergent(s) to fluidizer(s) is about 1:1 on an actives basis.

Abstract: An improved feedstock for fuel processing systems, and fuel processing systems incorporating the same. The fuel processing system includes a fuel processor adapted to produce a product hydrogen stream from a carbon-containing feedstock. The fuel processing system may also include a fuel cell stack adapted to produce an electric current from the product hydrogen stream. The feedstock is at least substantially formed of a hydrocarbon or alcohol. In an exemplary embodiment, the feedstock includes methanol. The feedstock also includes at least one odorant adapted to produce a strong and characteristic odor, even when present in only low concentrations. The odorant, or odorants, are selected to be free or at least sufficiently free from compounds that will poison the catalyst used in the fuel processor.

Abstract: It has been discovered that less expensive, and in some cases synergistically effective anti-static additive blends may be added to hydrocarbon fuels to improve the conductivity thereof. The blend includes an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer and an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble polysulfone copolymer of at least one olefin and sulfur dioxide. Optional ingredients include polymeric polyamines and aryl sulfonic acids.

Abstract: Fuels for internal combustion engines or lubricants contain small amounts of polyisobutylaminoalcohols of the formulae Ia and Ib where R is polyisobutyl having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000 and in each of the two formulae one of the radicals X is OH and the other is the group where the radicals R1 may be identical or different and are each hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl which may be substituted by further hydroxyl- or amino-carrying alkyl radicals, or the two radicals R1 may form a nonaromatic ring.

Abstract: Mixtures of at least one amine, polyamine or alkanolamine and at least one polyetheramine and their use as additives for gasoline engine fuels.

Abstract: Novel aviation fuel compositions contain a substantially positive or synergistic combination of an alkyl tertiary butyl ether, an aromatic amine and, optionally, a manganese component. The basefuel containing the additive combination may be a wide boiling range alkylate basefuel.

Abstract: Solid or pasty fuel additive compositions comprise a homogeneous mixture of a solid compacting agent soluble in fuel and at least one liquid fuel additive, the compositions having an additive content of from more than about 40 to 99% by weight, based on their total weight.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulfur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a cold flow improver.

Abstract: Mixtures of at least one amine, polyamine or alkanolamine and at least one polyetheramine and their use as additives for gasoline engine fuels.

Abstract: There are disclosed fuel compositions containing an additive formed by admixture of (i) at least one ethylene polymer, (ii) the product of the condensation reaction between an aldehyde or ketone or reactive equivalent thereof and at least one compound comprising one or more aromatic moieties having at least one substituent of the formula XR1 and one further substituent R2 wherein X is oxygen of sulfur, R1 is hydrogen or a moiety bearing at least one hydrocarbyl group and R2 represents a hydrocarbyl group and (iii) at least one oil soluble polar nitrogen compound different from the condensation product and having one or more substituents of the formula NR13 where R13 represents a hydrocarbyl group containing 8 to 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range and a fuel consumption reducing amount of a fuel additive composition comprising: (a) at least one amine compound selected from the group consisting of: (1) a fuel-soluble aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom where the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 700 to 3,000, and (2) a poly(oxyalkylene)amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and a sufficient number of oxyalkylene units to render the poly(oxyalkylene)amine soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range; and (b) an ester of a carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, wherein the carboxylic acid has from one to about four carboxylic acid groups and from about 8 to about 50 carbon atoms and the polyhydric alcohol has from about 2 to about 50 carbon atoms and from about 2 to about 6 hydroxy groups.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising at least one amine, whereun said at least one amine contains at least one polyolefin group and at least one polyetheramine. These compositions are useful as fuel additives for reducing intake valve deposits. In addition, these compositions do not contribute to an increase in combustion chamber deposits in port fuel injected internal combustion engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition, comprising: (I) an aromatic Mannich compound derived from: (A) a hydroxy containing aromatic compound having the formula  wherein in Formula (A-1): Ar is an aromatic group; m is 1, 2 or 3; n is a number from 1 to about 4; with the proviso that the sum of m and n does not exceed the number of available positions on Ar that can be substituted; each R1 independently is a hydrocarbyl group of up to about 400 carbon atoms; and R2 is H, amino or carboxyl; (B) an aldehyde or ketone having the formula  or a precursor thereof; wherein in Formula (B-1): R1 and R2 independently are H or hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; and R2 can also be a carbonyl-containing hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; and (C) a mixture of water and an amine, said amine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group; and (II) alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition comprising at least two components:(A) a polyether alcohol of the formula ##STR1## wherein in formula (A-1), R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; and x is a number from about 4 to about 40.(B) a hydrocarbylphenol having 1-3 hydrocarbyl groups such that the total weight average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl groups is about 250 to about 6000.In one embodiment the composition further comprises (C) a nitrogen-containing dispersant.The composition is useful as a fuel additive for reducing intake valve deposits and advantageously, does not contribute to an increase in combustion chamber deposits in port fuel injected internal combustion engines. The invention also relates to concentrates and fuel compositions containing the foregoing fuel additive composition and to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel composition has a major portion of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range, at least 1,200 ppm by weight of a detergent, and at least 2,400 ppm by weight of a mineral carrier fluid. The detergent is a hydrocarbyl-substituted amine or polyamine having at least one basic nitrogen. The weight ratio of mineral carrier fluid to detergent of the fuel composition is at least 2:1. Preferably, the detergent is present at a concentration of at least 2,000 ppm by weight, and the weight ratio of mineral carrier fluid to detergent is at least 4:1. Preferably, the detergent is either a polybutene amine or a polybutene succinimide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to at least simply unsaturated polyolefins with a number mean molecular weight in the range of 400 to 1,500 dalton and a dispersibility of M.sub.W /M.sub.N <1.2, obtained through catalytic dimerization from at least simply unsaturated olefin-oligomers, as well as to the method for their production. The present invention further relates to derivatives of these polyolefins which can be obtained by functionalizing at least a double link of the polyolefin. The invention also relates to the use of polyolefins and/or functionalization products as additives for fuels or lubricants.

Abstract: A fuel or lubricant composition containing polyisobutene amines and which contains at least one secondary polyisobutene amine of the formula I, ##STR1## in which R denotes a polyisobutene radical containing from 6 to 45 isobutylene units, up to 20% of the isobutylene units being replaceable by n-butylene units, provided that the amount of the secondary polyisobutene amine is larger than the amount of any corresponding primary or tertiary polyisobutene amine which may also be present.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulphur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a cold flow improver.

Abstract: Liquid energy sources, e.g., liquid fuels comprising lipid vesicles having fuel additives such as water are disclosed herein. The liquid energy sources, methods for preparation, and methods of enhancing engine performance disclosed herein employing the lipid vesicles result in enhanced fuel efficiency and/or lowered engine emissions. The invention further relates to liquid energy sources containing such additives which further comprise a polymeric dispersion assistant, which reduces the interfacial tension and coalescence of vesicles during dispersion process and storage, and thereby provide transparent looks to the liquid energy source.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) an aromatic ester compound of the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein R is hydroxy, nitro or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro or --NR.sub.7 R.sub.8, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; andR.sub.4 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000; and(b) an aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom, wherein the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 400 to about 1,000.The fuel additive compositions of this invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diesel fuel composition containing an additive composition made by admixing at least two components: A) at least one dicarboxylic acid having about 8 to about 500 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof; and B) at least one amine having about 6 to about 80 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the additive composition also contains: C) at least one monocarboxylic acid of about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof. The additive composition is useful as a lubricity additive for diesel fuel, especially low sulfur diesel fuel and provide excellent storage stability, rust-inhibiting and anti-wear performance to diesel fuel.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: Low sulfur content fuel compositions containing additive compounds are described which exhibit improved lubricity. The additive compounds include a carboxylic acid substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, derivatives of the carboxylic acid substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, and an ester which is the reaction product of a carboxylic acid which does not contain any hydroxy-substitution in the acid backbone and an alkanolamine.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and (a) about 50 to 70 parts per million by weight of a fuel-soluble aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom wherein the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 700 to 3,000; and (b) about 35 to below about 75 parts per million by weight of a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) monool having an average molecular weight of about 500 to about 5,000, wherein the oxyalkylene group is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 oxyalkylene group and the hydrocarbyl group is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use as a fuel additive is disclosed which comprises at least about 40% by volume of a paraffin which is selected from n-hexane and n-heptane, about 1% to about 20% by volume of aliphatic amine and at least about 5% by volume of cyclic hydrocarbon which has at least five carbon atoms and is liquid at 20.degree. C., said aliphatic amine and cyclohexane having boiling points less than that of said paraffin. The additive improves the combustion process of the fuel such that particulate emission is reduced.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition suitable for use in a low or medium speed diesel engine comprising a fuel oil with a residual oil content is characterised in that the lubricating oil composition further comprises a hydrocarbyl substituted amine or polyamine. The effect of such an amine is to reduce deposits due to the residual oil. A method of reducing deposits in a low or medium speed diesel engine is also disclosed.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition containing (i) a polyether alcohol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof provided that no more than 10 mole % of R.sup.1 is hydrogen and where the polyether alcohol is soluble in gasoline; and x is a number from about 4 to about 40; (ii) a hydrocarbylphenol having 1-3 hydrocarbyl groups such that the total weight average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl groups is about 250 to about 6000; and (iii) optionally a third component containing a nitrogen-containing dispersant; wherein the weight ratio of the polyether alcohol to the hydrocarbylphenol is about 3:1 to about 1:20. The compositions are useful in reducing intake valve deposit and do not contribute to the increase in combustion chamber deposit in port fuel injected engines.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the diesel range and an effective lubricity enhancing amount of a salt of an alkyl hydroxyaromatic compound and an aliphatic amine, wherein the salt has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 6 to 25 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 6 to 50 carbon atoms; and X is hydrogen, hydroxy or the group --O.sup.- H.sub.3 N.sup.+ --R.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 is alkyl or alkenyl of 6 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of cyclic amide alkoxylate compounds as additives in fuel compositions having a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range and a minor amount of one or more cyclic amide alkoxylate compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein x is from 2 to 20 and y is from 1 to 50. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms. R.sub.3 is hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is independently hydrocarbyl of 2 to 100 carbon atoms. R.sub.5 is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms or acyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms.The invention is also directed to the use of these cyclic amide alkoxylate compounds for decreasing intake valve deposits, controlling octane requirement increases and reducing octane requirement. The invention is further directed to novel cyclic amide alkoxylate compounds.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulphur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a lubricity enhancing additive in combination with a nitrogen compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel oligomeric olefin monoamine for use as an additive in fuel and related products and a method of producing the same. The oligomeric olefin monoamine is free of any undesirable halogens. The method of making the oligomeric olefin includes the steps of forming an oligomeric olefin epoxide, converting the epoxide to an alcohol and then converting the alcohol through the use of ammonia to an oligomeric olefin monoamine.

Abstract: The lubricity of low sulphur fuels is enhanced by incorporation of a cold flow improver.

Abstract: Ethylene-based copolymers which are suitable as flow improvers for mineral oil middle distillates are composed ofa) from 50 to 94% by weight of ethylene,b) from 3 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c) from 3 to 20% by weight of one or more aminoalkyl acrylates of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be identical or different and are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl and A.sup.1 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, andd) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers a) to c),copolymers in which monomer b) is vinyl acetate and which have a number average molecular weight of from 5000 to 50,000 being excluded, or are composed ofa') from 50 to 95.5% by weight of ethylene,b') from 4 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c') from 0.

Abstract: Fuel and lubricant compositions contain a poly-1-n-alkenylamine as an additive.

Abstract: Disclosed are additives for fuel which comprise certain aliphatic amines and aliphatic alcohols in a paraffin carrier such as kerosene. The additives improve combustion efficiency and fuel economy, and reduce the amount of pollutants and corrosives formed in the combustion process.