Abstract: The invention relates to a metal oxide film formed on a glass substrate by a sol-gel process. To make the metal oxide film minutely rough, at least two sols are respectively prepared from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal alkoxides and metal acetylacetonates, such that polymers of the sols have different average molecular weights. Then, the at least two sols are mixed with a solvent so as to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution is applied to the glass substrate so as to form thereon a sol film. The thus coated glass substrate is heated so as to transform the sol film into a gel film and to form thereon numerous micro-pits.

Abstract: An electric lamp having a light source, glass envelope made of a lead free glass, electric leads, and contacts, is disclosed. The compositional range of the envelope glass may be used in existing lamp manufacturing equipment, and otherwise substantially meets the manufacturing and product requirements normally met only by lead glass. The resulting lamp product has the same cost, and product performance, but now has the environmentally desirable feature of being lead free.

Abstract: A vitreous ceramic composition for coating ceramic articles with a zinc and alumina base capable of separating rapidly up to 50% of crystalline phase consisting essentially of gahnite. The percentages by weight of the principal ingredients of the composition are the following. SiO.sub.2 30-50%; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 10-25%; ZnO 8-25%; B.sub.2 O.sub.3 5-20%; TiO.sub.2 0-7%; other selected oxides can be added to change the fusability characteristics and heat expansion coefficients on the basis of specific applications of the composition.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of lead-free enamels containing finely-divided glass particles, finely-divided pigment particles, and an organic binder wherein the glass particles consist essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 35-50 Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O <8 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 23-30 CaO 1-5 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 10-22 CaO + MgO + ZnO + BaO + SrO <7 Li.sub.2 O 1-3 TiO.sub.2 0-2 Na.sub.2 O 0-3 ZrO.sub.2 0-5 K.sub.2 O 2-5 ______________________________________said glass having a softening temperature T.sub.L above 650.degree. C. and thermal expansion coefficient below 60.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C. Among other applications, said glass can be used for the decoration of low-expansion glass-ceramic cooking plates.

Abstract: Glaze composition comprises 45 to 75% of SioO.sub.2, 0.1 to below 5% of Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.1 to 20% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 to 20% of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, at least one of CaO, MgO, SrO, BaO or Zno in an amount of 2 to 22%, at least one of Li.sub.2 O, Na.sub.2 O, K.sub.2 O in an amount of 1 to 10%, at least one of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, MoO.sub.3 or WO.sub.3 in an amount of 0.1 to 10% and certain other optional ingredients, all percentages being percentages by weight based on the total weight of the glaze composition, the glaze composition having a firing temperature of 950.degree. to 1250.degree. C., and having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 50 to 100.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C.

Abstract: A CeO.sub.2 -containing enamel frit is disclosed which, upon enamelling, produces an opaque enamel coating with excellent adhesion and acid resistance. The frit can be used to enamel an unpickled or lightly pickled steel plate or article.

Abstract: For the production of a composite glass powder of any particle size from a fine particle size, multi-component mixture of a low-melting glass powder, fillers, and additives, the fine particle size, multicomponent mixture is sintered for 10-60 minutes at a temperature at which the base glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.6.5 dPas, and the resultant sintered cake is ground to a powder of the desired particle size. If the multicomponent mixture comprises components decomposable with the release of gas, e.g., copper carbonate, the latter are decomposed prior to sintering at a temperature below the sintering temperature. The resultant composite glass powder containing copper oxide can be used for coating varistors.

Abstract: There is disclosed a noble metal-containing overglaze colour composition in a liquid or paste form for application to ceramics. The composition comprises (1) a solution or paste of a resinate of a noble metal, (2) an amount sufficient to serve as a sintering inhibitor and alkali resistance improving agent of a solution or paste of a thorium resinate, (3) an adhesive, in particular bismuth, (4) an appropriate amount of a rosin and (5) an appropriate amount of a solvent and, further, wherein required, (6) chromium and (7) a small amount of rhodium. Preferably, the noble metal is gold, platinum or palladium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and useful enamel composition and method of using the same for producing an enamel finish on a formed section of glass. The enamel composition partially crystallizes upon heating, thereby helping to prevent the forming and handling equipment from sticking and/or adhering to the composition during the forming operation. The enamel composition includes a crystallizable glass frit portion and a seed powder. The crystallized glass frit portion includes precursors from which Zn.sub.2 SiO.sub.4 can be crystallized upon firing of the enamel composition. The seed powder causes at least a portion of the precursors to crystallize upon firing such that during firing at least a part of the crystallizable glass frit yields crystallized Zn.sub.2 SiO.sub.4. The enamel composition also preferably includes bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3) in order to help further ensure that no sticking and/or adhering problems develop during the forming operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to crystallized glass that can be used with various electronic components such as magnetic heads and the like as bonding or sealing glass. This crystallized glass comprises, in % by weight, at least 11-17% of SiO.sub.2, 7-10% of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 30-55% of PbO, 1-3% of CdO, 5-10% of A.sub.2 O (A stands for a kind of alkali metal), 7-35% of ZnO and 0-10% of ZrO.sub.2 with the sum of ZnO and ZrO.sub.2 not exceeding 35%, and has the characteristics of 550.degree.-600.degree. C. as the working temperature, (80-100).times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C. as the thermal expansion coefficient, 550.degree. C. or more as the thermal expansion coefficient, and 550.degree. C. or more as the glass transition point after working.

Abstract: This invention relates to lead-free and cadmium-free frit compositions for glazes and enamels which consist essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 51-59 CaO 0-7 Li.sub.2 O 0-2 SrO 0-12 Na.sub.2 O 3.5-7 BaO 0-9 K.sub.2 O 6-8.5 ZnO 0-10 Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 10-15 CaO + SrO + BaO + 8-18 ZnO B.sub.2 O.sub.3 9-12 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4.5-7 ______________________________________with the proviso that the mole ratio (Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O):(CaO+SrO+ZnO) is greater than 1.0 and ranges up to about 1.4.

Abstract: A hermetic sealing glass composition comprising an inorganic component which consists essentially of from 60 to 100 wt % of a glass powder, from 0 to 30 wt % of a filler and from 0 to 10 wt % of a pigment, wherein said glass powder consists essentially of from 30 to 45 wt % of SiO.sub.2, from 11 to 25 wt % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 11 to 25 wt % of ZnO, from 11 to 25 wt % of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.05 to 10 wt % of ZrO.sub.2, from 0.1 to 10 wt % of at least one of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.1 to 7 wt % of BaO, SrO, or CaO+MgO, from 0.1 to 7 wt % of at least one Li.sub.2 O, +Na.sub.2 or K.sub.2 O, from 0.1 to 5 wt % of at least one CeO.sub.2, +TiO.sub.2 or SnO.sub.2, from 0 to 5 wt % of PbO and from 0 to 5 wt % of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu.

Abstract: Porcelain compositions suitable for use as porcelain layers on metal base dental restorations have fusion temperatures of about 800.degree. C. and lower. The compositions may be employed as coatings on titanium and titanium alloy bases since the compositions have thermal expansion values close to those of titanium and its alloys. A method is also provided for forming dental restorations with relatively inexpensive and biocompatible metal bases and low fusing dental porcelains.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a vitreous enamel body includes forming particles of vitreous material and melting to fuse the particles together to form the body. The particles of vitreous material are spherulized and are selected as to their granulometric properties according to the degree of compaction required in the finished enamel body. From 20% to 40% of the bulk volume of the mixture is a fine particle size fraction. Such a finished enamel body may be a coating, for example a high-compacity enamel coating on a bathtub, or it may be a self-sustaining body, for example a porous vitreous filter element. Porous coatings and compact self-sustaining bodies may also be made.

Abstract: A glass flux composition consisting essentially by weight of 30-70% SiO.sub.2, 10-30% CaO, 0-20% ZnO, 3-8% MoO.sub.3, 0-20% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-25% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-10% K.sub.2 O, 0-10% Na.sub.2 O, 0-10% MgO, 0-15% BaO, 0-7% Li.sub.2 O, 0-10% PbO, 014 5% SrO, 0-10% CeO, 0-0.1% CoO and 0-5% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is a useful opacifying composition for preparing a glaze composition for ceramics.

Abstract: A crystallized glass article with a colored surface pattern, which comprises a crystallized glass substrate having a surface and small glass masses having a color different from the substrate and dispersed and fusion-bonded in the surface to form the colored surface pattern. The crystallized glass article is produced by depositing and dispersing small glass masses with a color on a surface of a substrate of a crystallizable glass with a different color which can precipitate crystals therein with softening and deforming by heat-treating at a heat treating temperature higher than the softening point of the crystallizable glass, then heating the substrate together with the small glass masses at the heat treating temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass ceramic which can provide a board comprising a metal substrate and the glass ceramic coated on said substrate, particularly a board comprising said board and a fine wiring pattern applied onto said board by means of thick film printing. In particular, it specifies the composition of the glass ceramic.

Abstract: A glaze coating on manufactured article substrates can be provided by agglomerated ceramic glazes obtained by mixing dry or wet glaze with a hardening binder until a paste-like mass is obtained, extruding the paste-like mass, cutting the extruded product into pieces, subjecting the cut pieces to a rapid surface-drying process and then heating the dried pieces to 100.degree.-120.degree. C. until the binder hardens.

Abstract: A process for joining components having ceramic and metallic joining surfaces provides a permanent and complete joint with ceramic surfaces despite metal-oxide layers on the metal or metal-alloy joining surfaces. A glass coating is applied to the ceramic joining surface before joining. The glass contains at least 5 to 20% by weight of Na.sub.2 O, 30 to 60% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 20 to 60% by weight of SiO.sub.2. The surfaces of the components to be joined are then permanently joined to each other at a specified temperature and a specified pressure.

Abstract: Lead-free glass frit compositions for use in vitreous coatings consisting essentially of SiO.sub.2 -Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 -B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -alkali metal oxide-ZrO.sub.2 /TiO.sub.2 in appropriate concentrations.

Abstract: There is provided a glass enamel system adaptable to be fired from about 1000.degree. F. to about 1350.degree. F., said glass enamel characterized, upon firing, by a formation therein of metal orthosilicate crystals, which has the effect of substantially hardening the surface of said glass enamel even at its fusion point temperature, and within the range aforesaid.

Abstract: An enamel frit which provides improved bonding at stoving temperatures below 800.degree. C. after the frit has been stoved on unalloyed steel which is capable of being enamelled, the frit containing 1 to 6% by weight, based on the total quantity of the frit, of bonding oxides and the other constituents so chosen that the following equation is fulfilled: ##EQU1## in which the deviation from the ratio 1:1:1 is at most .+-.8% for each of the monovalent atoms, divalent atoms and pentavalent atoms.The enamel frits according to the invention being useful for electrostatic powder application.

Abstract: Glaze compositions for ceramic substrates such as an alumina substrate are described. In a first embodiment, the glaze composition consists of 55 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 1 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3 to 20 mol % CaO, 1 to 13 mol % BaO and 0.1 to 5 mol % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3. In a second embodiment, the glaze composition consists essentially of 55 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 1 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3 to 20 mol % CaO, 1 to 13 mol % BaO, 1 to 5 mol % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, 25 mol % or less SrO, 7 mol % or less B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2 mol % or less ZnO and 2 mol % or less MgO. In a third embodiment, the glaze composition consists essentially of 58 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 2 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.5 to 5 mol % La.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2 to 20 mol % CaO and 1 to 13 mol % BaO. In a fourth embodiment, the glaze composition consists essentially of 58 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 2 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.5 to 5 mol % La.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A method of preventing glaze defects occurring when using pigments which are provided by inclusion in zirconium silicate (zircon) comprises the incorporation into the glaze composition of an additive which is zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, arsenic trioxide, antimony trioxide, ceric oxide, or a mixture thereof, or a precursor therefor in an amount sufficient to reduce or prevent glaze defects.

Abstract: A paste of a glazing composition is coated on the entire surface of a ceramic substrate having a metallized metal portion, and the paste-coated ceramic substrate is sintered in a reducing atmosphere, and a glazing layer is formed on the entire surface of the metallized metal portion by utilizing the repellency of the melt of the glazing composition to the metallized metal portion. A glazing composition comprising SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, BaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and an alkali metal oxide or a glazing composition comprising SiO.sub.2, BaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO and MgO or SrO is used. An acrylic resin syrup, especially an isobutyl methacrylate resin syrup, is used as a binder of a coating paste for forming a glazing layer.

Abstract: Glaze compositions for ceramic substrates such as an alumina substrate are described. In a first embodiment, the glaze composition consists of 55 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 1 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3 to 20 mol % CaO, 1 to 13 mol % BaO and 0.1 to 5 mol % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3. In a second embodiment, the glaze composition consists essentially of 55 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 1 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3 to 20 mol % CaO, 1 to 13 mol % BaO, 1 to 5 mol % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, 25 mol % or less SrO, 7 mol % or less B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2 mol % or less ZnO and 2 mol % or less MgO. In a third embodiment, the glaze composition consists essentially of 58 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 2 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.5 to 5 mol % La.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2 to 20 mol % CaO and 1 to 13 mol % BaO. In a fourth embodiment, the glaze composition consists essentially of 58 to 75 mol % SiO.sub.2, 2 to 15 mol % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.5 to 5 mol % La.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: An article of manufacture useful as the base for an electronic circuit board is a substrate with an enamel layer having a heterogeneous structure containing at least two different phases obtained by applying a homogeneous, alkali-containing enamel powder to the substrate followed by heating at 850.degree. C. to 1,000.degree. C. wherein the enamel power has the composition as follows:______________________________________ Si.sub.O2 40-50% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 8-15% by weight Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 4-16% by weight CaO + BaO 25-35% by weight MgO 0-3% by weight B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-10% by weight.

Abstract: A partially devitrified porcelain enamel composition is formed by melting an oxide mixture in which 20-50 wt % BaO, 30-60 wt % SiO.sub.2, and 2-20 wt % TiO.sub.2 are present to form a homogeneous melt, quenching the melt to form a frit and firing the frit. The oxide mixture may optionally include K.sub.2 O, Na.sub.2 O, Li.sub.2 O, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, As.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO, CeO.sub.2, MgO, F.sub.2, N.sub.2 O.sub.5, PbO, P.sub.2 O.sub.5, Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, SnO.sub.2, SrO, ZnO, ZrO.sub.2, and MoO.sub.3. Metal substrates coated with such a partially devitrified porcelain enamel composition are particularly suitable for the production of electronic circuits.

Abstract: An overglaze ink comprising(a) 55 to 70 weight % of a glass composition, the glass composition comprising(1) 15 to 43 weight % of a main glass component selected from the group consisting of BaO, SrO and SrO+BaO,(2) a glass forming component comprising34 to 45 weight % B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and0 to 6 weight % SiO.sub.2(3) 0 to 2 weight % of a colorant selected from the group consisting of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, CoO and NiO,(4) 7 to 20 weight % of a thermal expansion modifier selected from the group consisting of ZnO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, and(5) 1 to 7 weight % of a dopant comprising one or more of the following:ZnF.sub.2 having a weight % of 0 to 5,Li.sub.2 O having a weight % of 0 to 2,Na.sub.2 O having a weight % of 0 to 2,K.sub.2 O having a weight % of 0 to 2,LiF having a weight % of 0 to 2,NaF having a weight % of 0 to 2,KF having a weight % of 0 to 2,BaF.sub.2 having a weight % of 0 to 2,Na.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 having a weight % of 0 to 2,PbO having a weight % of 0 to 3,V.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A glass glazing is provided with a coating of a colored enamel composition along one or more edges. The enamel composition includes a vitreous matrix pigment and from 2 to 5% by weight of powdered tin dioxide which preferably is an additive during a comminution step. The vitreous matrix which represents at least 75% by weight of the enamel composition includes the following constituentsSiO: 25-33 (% by weight)PbO: 47-65B.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 3-7Na.sub.2 O: 1-4K.sub.2 O: 0-2Li.sub.2 O: 0-0.8ZnO: 0.2-0.5and provides a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to PbO between 1.6 and 2.7. The total content of the alkaline oxide are less than 5% by weight.The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the vitreous matrix is less than the glazing to be coated.

Abstract: A coating is provided whih substantially lengthens the life of carbon and graphite electrodes used in electrical arc processes for the manufacture of ferrous metals. The coating forms a silica-phosphorus glass upon the electrodes.

Abstract: A flexible porcelain tape (10) is manufactured for application to a metal substrate (50) to produce a porcelainized metal substrate (60, 90, 92). The porcelain tape (10) provides an insulative layer (102) upon which can be applied electrical circuits (110) comprising conductive paths (112) and resistors (116), either before or after the porcelain tape (10) is fired. The porcelain tape comprises glass frit (12) blended with a vehicle (11), with volatile gases removed to effect a predetermined viscosity. The mixture (14) is applied evenly to a flexible plastic carrier (16) and dried. The tape (10) may be rolled up and stored until needed, whereupon the flexible carrier (16) is peeled away either before or after the porcelain mixture layer (18) is cut to desired size and configuration. Single or multiple layers of the mixture layer (18) can be disposed upon a metal substrate (50), the combination laminated, and then fired.

Abstract: Glass frit compositions are shown that are lead-free, cadmium-free, and zinc-free, the compositions having improved chemical resistance, especially acid resistance (acetic acid) of a loss of generally less than about 1.9% by weight. The compositions contain B.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 and rare earth oxides, the weight ratio of ZrO.sub.2 to rare earth oxides being critical and being about 1/1 to 1.4/1.

Abstract: Pigments which are unstable at high temperatures are protected by inclusion in zirconium silicate crystals. Improved protected pigments are produced by the step of precipitating the constituents of the protected pigments from aqueous or non-aqueous solution. Especially applicable to pigments for ceramics such as those containing cadmium and pigments for use in plastics where contamination of foodstuffs is to be avoided.

Abstract: A low melting, opaque enamel frit is described, which comprises 30 to 36 wt. % of SiO.sub.2, 15 to 20 wt. % of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 7 to 9 wt. % of Na.sub.2 O, 5 to 10 wt. % of ZrO.sub.2, 10 to 17 wt. % of TiO.sub.2, 7 to 15 wt. % of K.sub.2 O, 2 to 10 wt. % of F.sub.2 and 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % of P.sub.2 O.sub.5. The total of Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O is in the range of 15 to 20 wt. % and the total of TiO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 is in the range of 15 to 20 wt. %. The ZrO.sub.2 /(TiO.sub.2 +ZrO.sub.2) ratio is in the range of 0.25 to 0.5:1 and the SiO.sub.2 /B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio is in the range of 1.5 to 2.4:1. In addition, the Na.sub.2 O/K.sub.2 O ratio is in the range of 0.6 to 1.0:1 and the (Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O)/(TiO.sub.2 +ZrO.sub.2) is in the range of 0.7 to 1.2:1.

Abstract: Glass frits for use in glazes or enamels have fiber softening point about 535.degree.-609.degree. C. are free of lead, cadmium and zinc and consist essentially of Li.sub.2 O-B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.3 plus 2-23% SnO.sub.2 +CaO and 2-23% ZrO.sub.2 +La.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; also, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SrO, BaO, Na.sub.2 O, F.Low expansion filler, e.g., B-eucryptite, may be used at 4 to 15% by weight of glass frit.

Abstract: A water-based paste which is curable to a flowing glass which is made generally from boric acid, silica flour, or diatomite silica. Generally, silica flour is added for pipe sealer or diatomite-type silica for cap sealers. Optional additives are latex and Kelzan for modifying rheology and trisodium phosphate to fine control the softening point. These compositions may be utilized in standpipes and collecting mains in coke ovens. The softening point of the composition is selected so that it is compatible with the operation of the coke oven. Softening temperatures for these compositions range from about 400.degree. C. to about 750.degree. C. and the boric acid and silica components were selected with a particle size ranging from about 44-210 microns.

Abstract: A leadless glaze composition having properties that make lead oxide containing glazes so widely used as ceramic glazes. The glazes according to this invention are prepared to analyze more than about 0.53 to about 1.5 weight percent molybdenum trioxide with the source of the molybdenum trioxide either in the frit or as a mill addition being alkaline earth molybdenate, for example, calcium molybdenate (CaMoO.sub.4).

Abstract: The invention provides a particulate sealing material for use in preparing hermetic seals between ceramic and cermet members, which material comprises at least 70 wt. % refractory oxide and minor quantities of non-vitreous additive comprising SiO.sub.2, MgO and B.sub.2 O.sub.3. This particulate sealing material is conveniently pressed into the form of a coherent element shaped to suit the particular sealing operation concerned, e.g. the sealing of an open end of a ceramic arc tube to a cermet closure therefor. The invention also provides a method of sealing a ceramic component to a cermet member by interposing said sealing material between the opposed faces of the component and member and applying heat and pressure to sinter the sealing material and achieve a seal between the component and member.