Abstract: A glass composition, a device and a method for producing the device are disclosed. In an embodiment, the glass composition includes a tellurium oxide in a proportion of at least 65 mol. % and at most 90 mol. %, R1O in a proportion between 0 mol. % and 20 mol. %, wherein R1 is selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Mn and combinations thereof and at least one M12O in a proportion between 5 mol. % and 25 mol. %, wherein M1 is selected from Li, Na, K and combinations thereof. The glass component further includes at least one R22O3 in a proportion between 1 mol. % and 3 mol. %, wherein R2 is selected from Al, Ga, In, Bi, Sc, Y, La, rare earths and combinations thereof, and M2O2 in a proportion between 0 mol. % and 2 mol. %, wherein M2 is selected from Ti, Zr, Hf and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a glass composition that exhibits greater Faraday effect than ever before. A glass composition contains 48% or more of Tb2O3 (exclusive of 48%) in % by mole.

Abstract: In order to improve the endurance of this internal solution for a reference electrode beyond that in the prior art, the solution is made to contain a copolymerized material of a crosslinker having a plurality of non-acrylamide functional groups, and a non-acrylamide monofunctional hydrophilic monomer.

Abstract: Provided is a glass composition that exhibits greater Faraday effect than ever before. A glass composition contains 48% or more of Tb2O3 (exclusive of 48%) in % by mole.

Abstract: The present invention general related to a method and a reusable mold for making a contact lens, comprising a first mold half having a first mold surface in contact with a silicone containing lens forming composition and a second mold half having a second mold surface in contact with the lens forming composition. The first mold half and the second mold half are configured to receive each other such that a cavity is formed between the first mold surface and the second mold surface, wherein the cavity defines the shape of a contact lens to be molded. The lens forming composition is polymerizable and/or crosslinkable by a UV radiation, wherein at least one of the mold halves is made from an oxide glass material having a UV transmission cut-off wavelength no less than 390 nm and a specific gravity higher than 3.5.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition contains a source of an electrically conductive metal, an alkaline-earth-metal boron tellurium oxide, and an organic vehicle. An article such as a high-efficiency photovoltaic cell is formed by a process of deposition of the paste composition on a semiconductor device substrate (e.g., by screen printing) and firing the paste to remove the organic vehicle and sinter the metal and establish electrical contact between it and the device.

Abstract: An IR supercontinuum source for generating supercontinuum in the MIR or possibly LWIR spectral bands comprises a supercontinuum fiber formed from a heavy metal oxide host glass having low optical loss and high non-linearity over the spectral band that is stable, strong and chemically durable. The supercontinuum fiber is suitably a depressed inner clad fiber configured to support only single transverse spatial mode propagation of the pump signal and supercontinuum. The source suitably includes a tapered depressed inner clad fiber to couple the pump signal into the supercontinuum fiber. The source may be configured as an “all-fiber” source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Nd-doped, aluminate-based or silicate-based, laser glass having a peak emission wavelength that is longer than 1059.7 nm, an emission cross section (?em) of ?1.5×10?20 cm2, and/or an emission bandwidth (??eff) of ?28 nm, while maintaining properties that render the glass suitable for commercial use, such as low glass transition temperature Tg and low nonlinear index, n2.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel transparent glasses, vitroceramics, and transparent or translucent ceramics containing, in relation to the total composition of the glass, vitroceramic, or ceramic, at least 60 wt% of a composition having the following formula (I): (M1O)x(M2O)y(M3)2O3)z(Al2O3)100?x?y?z (I), where M1 is an element selected from among Ba and/or Sr, M2 is an element selected from among Mg or Ca, x and y are numbers such that 30?x+y?80, y is between 0% and 10% of x, M3 is an element selected from among B, Ga, or In, and z is a number between 0% and 10% of (100?x?y). The invention also relates to the method for manufacturing said compositions and to the uses of said compositions in the field of optics.

Abstract: Systems and methods for strengthening a sapphire part are described herein. One method may take the form of orienting a first surface of a sapphire member relative to an ion implantation device, selecting an ion implantation concentration and directing ions at the first surface of the sapphire member. The ions are embedded under the first surface to create compressive stress in the sapphire surface.

Abstract: An IR supercontinuum source for generating supercontinuum in the MIR or possibly LWIR spectral bands comprises a supercontinuum fiber formed from a heavy metal oxide host glass having low optical loss and high non-linearity over the spectral band that is stable, strong and chemically durable. The supercontinuum fiber is suitably a depressed inner clad fiber configured to support only single transverse spatial mode propagation of the pump signal and supercontinuum. The source suitably includes a tapered depressed inner clad fiber to couple the pump signal into the supercontinuum fiber. The source may be configured as an “all-fiber” source.

Abstract: A tellurium oxide glass that is stable, strong and chemically durable exhibits low optical loss from the UV band well into the MIR band. Unwanted absorption mechanisms in the MIR band are removed or reduced so that the glass formulation exhibits optical performance as close as possible to the theoretical limit of a tellurium oxide glass. The glass formulation only includes glass constituents that provide the intermediate, modifiers and any halides (for OH— reduction) whose inherent absorption wavelength is longer than that of Tellurium (IV) oxide. The glass formulation is substantially free of Sodium Oxide and any other passive glass constituent including hydroxyl whose inherent absorption wavelength is shorter than that of Tellurium (IV) oxide. The glass formulation preferably includes only a small residual amount of halide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thick-film paste for printing the front side of a solar cell device having one or more insulating layers and a method for doing so. The thick-film paste comprises a source of an electrically conductive metal and a lead-vanadium-based oxide dispersed in an organic medium. The invention also provides a semiconductor device comprising an electrode formed from the thick-film paste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a doped vanadium dioxide powder, a dispersion, and preparation methods and applications therefor. The chemical composition of the doped vanadium dioxide powder is V1-xMxO2, 0<x?0.5, wherein M is a doping element and said doping element is used to control the size and morphology of the doped vanadium dioxide powder. The vanadium dioxide powder of the present invention has evenly sized particles and exhibits excellent dispersibility. The preparation methods for the present invention are easy to implement, low in cost, provide high yield, and are suitable for large scale production.

Abstract: Methods for preparing ferroelectric nanoparticles, liquid crystal compositions containing the ferroelectric nanoparticles, and electronic devices utilizing the ferroelectric nanoparticles are described. The methods of preparing the ferroelectric nanoparticles may include size-reducing a starting material comprising particles of a bulk intrinsically nonferroelectric glass to form glass nanoparticles having an average size of less than 20 nm, the glass nanoparticles comprising ferroelectric nanoparticles. Exemplary bulk intrinsically nonferroelectric glasses may include borosilicate glasses, tellurite glasses, bismuthate glasses, gallate glasses, and mixtures thereof, for example. The size reduction may be accomplished using ball milling with a solvent combination such as n-heptane and oleic acid. Liquid crystal compositions may include the ferroelectric nanoparticles in combination with a liquid crystal.

Abstract: A lead-tellurium-lithium-titanium-oxide glass composition is useful as a component of a conductive silver paste. Especially useful are P-containing and V-containing lead-tellurium-lithium-titanium-oxide glass composition. Conductive silver via paste comprising particulate conductive silver and any of the lead-tellurium-lithium-titanium-oxide glass compositions of the invention can be used in providing the metallization of the holes in the silicon wafers of MWT solar cells. The result is a metallic electrically conductive via between the collector lines on the front side and the emitter electrode on the back-side of the solar cell. The paste can also be used to form the collector lines on the front-side of the solar cell and the emitter electrode on the back-side of the solar cell.

Abstract: Methods for forming glass compositions from cullet include providing the cullet to a submerged combustion melter and melting the cullet with the aid of heat generated upon the combustion of a hydrocarbon from landfill gas and, in some cases, a polymeric material, in the presence of an oxidant. The melted cullet is then directed to a fiberization unit to generate a glass composition, such as vitreous fiber. The glass composition can be used to form various structural components, such as glass fiber insulation. Methods and systems provided herein can be used to form low global warming potential products.

Abstract: Provided is a glass for electrode formation, comprising, as a glass composition in terms of mass %, 65.2 to 90% of Bi2O3, 0 to 5.4% of B2O3, and 0.1 to 34.5% of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO+CuO+Fe2O3+Nd2O3+CeO2+Sb2O3 (total content of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3, Nd2O3, CeO2, and Sb2O3).

Abstract: A feedthrough assembly includes a ferrule, an insulating structure, at least one terminal pin and a glass seal that fixedly secures the insulating structure within the ferrule. The insulating structure has a top portion, a bottom portion, and an inner diameter portion. The inner diameter portion defines at least one aperture extending from the top portion to the bottom portion of the insulating structure. The at least one terminal pin extends through the at least one aperture. The glass seal comprises about 30% B2O3, about 30% to about 40% of a member selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, SrO, and combinations thereof, with the proviso that the individual amounts of CaO and MgO are each not greater than about 20%, about 5% La2O3, about 10% SiO2, and about 15% Al2O3, wherein all percentages are mole percentages.

Abstract: Embodiments of compositions comprising materials satisfying the general formula AM1?xM?xM?yO3+y are disclosed, along with methods of making the materials and compositions. In some embodiments, M and M? are +3 cations, at least a portion of the M cations and the M? cations are bound to oxygen in trigonal bipyramidal coordination, and the material is chromophoric. In some embodiments, the material forms a crystal structure having a hexagonal unit cell wherein edge a has a length of 3.50-3.70 ? and edge c has a length of 10-13 ?. In other embodiments, edge a has a length of 5.5-7.0 ?. In particular embodiments, M? is Mn, and Mn is bonded to oxygen with an apical Mn—O bond length of 1.80 ? to 1.95 ?. In some embodiments, the material is YIn1?xMnxO3, x is greater than 0.0 and less than 0.75, and the material exhibits a surprisingly intense blue color.

Abstract: A sealing glass, a sealing material, and a sealing material paste, which suppress metal deposition by reducing glass components (metal oxides) without decreasing the reactivity with and the adhesion to a semiconductor substrate. The sealing glass, contains a low temperature melting glass containing, by mass ratio: from 0.1 to 5% of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Hf, W, Re, a rare earth element, and optionally Mo; and from 5 to 100 ppm by mass ratio of K2O, wherein the low temperature melting glass has a softening point of at most 430° C. The sealing material device, contains the sealing glass and an inorganic filler in an amount of from 0 to 40% by volume ratio. The sealing material paste contains a mixture of the sealing material and a vehicle.

Abstract: A compositional range of high strain point alkali metal free, silicate, aluminosilicate and boroaluminosilicate glasses are described herein. The glasses can be used as substrates for photovoltaic devices, for example, thin film photovoltaic devices such as CIGS photovoltaic devices. These glasses can be characterized as having strain points ?570° C., thermal expansion coefficient of from 5 to 9 ppm/° C.

Abstract: A transparent glass-ceramic materials contains a spinel solid solution as the main crystalline phase and is free of As2O3 and Sb2O3. Corresponding precursor alumino-silicate glasses, articles made of said transparent glass-ceramic materials as well as a method for manufacturing such articles, and structures comprising a sheet made of such glass-ceramic materials and electronic or optoelectronic devices comprising such structures are also disclosed. Some materials disclosed can be used as substrates for high temperature growth of high quality monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon thin films. Structures including such substrates with such thin films thereon can be used in photovoltaic devices, flat panel devices and liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: A glass composition according to the present invention comprises: transition metals; phosphorus; barium; and zinc, the transition metals including: vanadium; and tungsten and/or iron, the glass composition not containing substances included in the JIG level A and B lists, an softening point of the glass composition being from 430 to 530° C., an average linear expansion coefficient of the glass composition being from 6 to 9 ppm/° C. at temperatures from 30 to 250° C.

Abstract: A glass composition comprising: (A) TeO2 (50-95 mol %); (B) B2O3 (1-33 mol %); (C) ZnO (1-37 mol %); (D) Bi2O3 (1-18 mol %); (E) P2O5 (0-15 mol %); (F) R2O (0-13 mol %), where R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K; (G) MO (0-13 mol %), where M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; (H) TiO2 (0-13 mol %); (I) Nb2O5 (0-10 mol %); (J) Ta2O5 (0-13 mol %); (K) L2O3 (0-11 mol %), where L represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of yttrium and lanthanoids; and (L) the total amount of P2O5, R2O, MO, TiO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, and L2O3 described in (E) to (K), respectively, is 0-15 mol %.

Abstract: Methods of melt spinning to make amorphous and ceramic materials.

Abstract: To provide a light-amplifying glass capable of increasing absorption of Yb3+. A light-amplifying glass to be used for amplifying light having a wavelength of 1.0 to 1.2 ?m, which comprises, as represented by mol % based on the following oxides, from 30 to 55% of Bi2O3, from 25 to 50% of either one, or both in total, of SiO2 and B2O3, from 12 to 27% of either one, or both in total, of Al2O3 and Ga2O3, from 0 to 4% of La2O3 and from 0.1 to 4% of Yb2O3 and which contains substantially no Er2O3. An optical waveguide having such a light-amplifying glass as a core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rosamine derivative compound, as described herein, having the following structure: Also disclosed are methods of making such compounds and for using them for detection and imaging.

Abstract: A bonding glass containing V2O5: 25 to 50 wt %, TeO2: 20 to 40 wt % and BaO: 5 to 30 wt %, and not containing lead.

Abstract: To provide a light-amplifying glass capable of increasing absorption of Yb3+. A light-amplifying glass to be used for amplifying light having a wavelength of 1.0 to 1.2 ?m, which comprises, as represented by mol % based on the following oxides, from 30 to 55% of Bi2O3, from 25 to 50% of either one, or both in total, of SiO2 and B2O3, from 12 to 27% of either one, or both in total, of Al2O3 and Ga2O3, from 0 to 4% of La2O3 and from 0.1 to 4% of Yb2O3 and which contains substantially no Er2O3. An optical waveguide having such a light-amplifying glass as a core.

Abstract: A titanium-containing oxide glass having a bulky form and substantially having a chemical composition represented by the formula: (M1)1-x(M2)x(Ti1-y1(M3)y1)y2Oz [wherein M1 represents an element selected from Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Na and Ca; M2 represents at least one element selected from Mg, Ba, Ca, Sr, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Na, Sc, Y, Hf, Bi and Ag; M3 represents at least one element selected from V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, Sb and Te; and x, y1, y2 and z satisfy the following requirements: 0?x?0.5, 0?y1<0.31, 1.4<y2<3.3, and 3.9<z<8.0, provided that x+y1?0 when M1 represents Ba, and y1?0 when both M1 and M2 represent Ba].

Abstract: To provide a substrate for information recording medium having various properties, in particular higher fracture toughness, required for application of the substrate for information recording medium of the next generation such as perpendicular magnetic recording system, etc. and a material with excellent workability for such purpose. A crystallized glass substrate for information recording medium, consisting of a crystallized glass which comprises one or more selected from RAl2O4 and R2TiO4 as a main crystal phase, in which R is one or more selected from Zn, Mg and Fe, and in which the main crystal phase has a crystal grain size in a range of from 0.5 nm to 20 nm, a degree of crystallinity of 15% or less, and a specific gravity of 3.00 or less.

Abstract: Presently described are retroreflective articles, such as pavement markings, that comprise transparent microspheres partially embedded in a (e.g., polymeric) binder. Also described are (e.g., glass-ceramic) microspheres, methods of making microspheres, as well as compositions of glass materials and compositions of glass-ceramic materials. The microspheres generally comprise lanthanide series oxide(s), titanium oxide (TiO2), and optionally zirconium oxide (ZrO2).

Abstract: A method of forming (and an apparatus for forming) a metal-doped aluminum oxide layer on a substrate, particularly a semiconductor substrate or substrate assembly, using a vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a light emitting unit interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a sealing material bonding the first substrate to the second substrate and sealing the light emitting unit. The sealing material comprises V+4. In addition, a glass frit, a composition for forming a sealing material, and a method of manufacturing a light emitting device using the composition for forming a sealing material are provided to obtain the light emitting device. The sealing material of the light emitting device can be easily formed by coating and irradiation of electro-magnetic waves, so that manufacturing costs are low and deterioration of the light emitting unit occurring when sealing material is formed can be substantially prevented. The sealing material has good sealing properties and thus a light emitting device including the sealing material has a long lifetime.

Abstract: Optical glass containing bismuth oxide having good defoamability. The Optical glass contains, as % by mass, from 10 to less than 90% of a Bi2O3 component and at least 0.1% of a TeO2 and/or SeO2 component. The optical glass is on Grade 4 to Grade 1 in “JOGIS12-1994, Method for Measuring Bubbles in Optical Glass”. By controlling the amount of RO component (R is at least one selected from a group consisting of Zn, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) and Rn2O component (Rn?Li, Na, K, Cs), the clarifying time may be shortened.

Abstract: Embodiments of compositions comprising materials satisfying the general formula AM1?xM?xM?yO3+y are disclosed, along with methods of making the materials and compositions. In some embodiments, M and M? are +3 cations, at least a portion of the M cations and the M? cations are bound to oxygen in trigonal bipyramidal coordination, and the material is chromophoric. In some embodiments, the material forms a crystal structure having a hexagonal unit cell wherein edge a has a length of 3.50-3.70 ? and edge c has a length of 10-13 ?. In other embodiments, edge a has a length of 5.5-7.0 ?. In particular embodiments, M? is Mn, and Mn is bonded to oxygen with an apical Mn—O bond length of 1.80 ? to 1.95 ?. In some embodiments, the material is YIn1?xMnxO3, x is greater than 0.0 and less than 0.75, and the material exhibits a surprisingly intense blue color.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor device (10) having a structure in which a stress-sensitive body (1) of which the electric characteristics vary depending upon the application of stress and an insulator (2) having electric insulation are formed being closely adhered together, wherein the stress-sensitive body (1) comprises a thin glass film containing an electrically conductive element that is solidly dissolved therein as atoms, a method of manufacturing the physical quantity sensor device, a piezo-resistive film comprising a thin glass film containing ruthenium that is solidly dissolved therein as atoms, and a method of manufacturing the piezo-resistive film.

Abstract: The is a colorless glass composition having a base glass composition, comprising, in weight percentage, from about 0.005 to about 0.08% wt of ferric oxide, from 0.00002 to about 0.0004% wt of Se, from about 0.00003 to about 0.0010% wt of Co3O4, from 0 to about 0.01% wt of CuO, from about 0 to about 0.6 of CeO2, from 0.02 to about 1 of TiO2, and from about 0 to about 2 of NaNO3. The glass having a visible light transmission of at least 87%; a ultraviolet radiation transmittance less than 85%; and a solar direct transmittance of no more than 90%.

Abstract: A glass for laser processing that is processed through laser beam irradiation, wherein the glass for laser processing has a composition that satisfies the following relationships: 40?M[NFO]?70; 5?(M[TiO2])?45; and 5?M[NMO]?40, where M[NFO], M[TiO2], and M[NMO] denote the content by percentage of network forming oxides (mol %), that of TiO2 (mol %), and that of network modifying oxides (mol %), respectively. With this structure, a glass for laser processing is obtained in which not only the vicinity of the surface thereof but also the inner portion thereof can be laser-processed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sensitive glass for use in a pH-sensitive glass electrode, which comprises at least Me2O3 (Me represents a lanthanoid) and further comprises Y2O3 or Sc2O3 in an amount smaller than that of the Me2O3. Also disclosed is a sensitive glass for use in a cation-sensitive glass electrode, which comprises at least Y2O3 or Sc2O3.

Abstract: Disclosed are glass materials generally belonging to the P2O5—ZnO—TeO2 system and process for making the same. The glass may comprise Bi2O3 as well. The high refractive index and low Tg materials are particularly suitable for refractive lens elements for use in portable optical devices. The process involves the use of P2O5 source materials with reduced amounts of reducing agents or a step of removing the reducing agents from such source materials by an oxidizing step such as calcination.

Abstract: The refractive, transmissive or diffractive optical elements are made from a ceramic containing one or more oxides of the type X2O3, which is transmissive for visible light and/or for infrared radiation and which has a cubic crystal structure analogous to that of Y2O3. In preferred embodiments X is Y, Sc, In, or a lanthanide element, namely La to Lu, and in particular is Lu, Yb, Gd, or La. Also mixtures of oxides of the type X2O3 with oxides having different stoichiometries, such as HfO2 and/or ZrO2, may be present, as long as the cubic structure of the ceramic is maintained.

Abstract: Presently described are retroreflective articles, such as pavement markings, that comprise transparent microspheres partially embedded in a (e.g., polymeric) binder. Also described are (e.g., glass-ceramic) microspheres, methods of making microspheres, as well as compositions of glass materials and compositions of glass-ceramic materials. The microspheres generally comprise lanthanide series oxide(s), titanium oxide (TiO2), and optionally zirconium oxide (ZrO2).

Abstract: Optical glass having a refractive index (nd) of 1.75 or greater, and an Abbe number (?d) falling within the range of 15 to 40, which is suitable for molding by precision mold press is provided. The optical glass is characterized by including B2O3+SiO2 in an amount of 10 to 70%, Bi2O3 in an amount of 5% or more and less than 25%, RO+Rn2O in an amount of 5 to 60% (wherein R represents one or more selected from a group consisting of Zn, Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg; and Rn represents one or more selected from a group consisting of Li, Na, K, and Cs), with each component in the range expressed in oxide-based mole, and is characterized in that transparency in the visible region is high, and that the transition point (Tg) is 520° C. or lower. The optical glass is characterized by having a spectral transmittance of 70% or greater at a wavelength of 550 nm, for a thickness of 10 mm.

Abstract: Al2O3-rare earth oxide-ZrO2/HfO2 ceramics (including glasses, crystalline ceramics, and glass-ceramics) and methods of making the same. Ceramics according to the present invention can be made, formed as, or converted into glass beads, articles (e.g., plates), fibers, particles, and thin coatings. The particles and fibers are useful, for example, as thermal insulation, filler, or reinforcing material in composites (e.g., ceramic, metal, or polymeric matrix composites). The thin coatings can be useful, for example, as protective coatings in applications involving wear, as well as for thermal management. Certain ceramic particles according to the present invention can be are particularly useful as abrasive particles.

Abstract: A substrate for use as a disk substrate in a hard disk drive or the like, an information recording medium such as a magnetic disk, and a starting material glass plate which is a starting material of the substrate for information recording media. The forming conditions of the starting material glass plate are controlled such that the starting material glass plate has a long-wavelength waviness of not more than 6 nm. This starting material glass plate is polished so as to have a long-wavelength waviness of not more than 6 nm using CeO2 abrasive grains having a mean grain diameter of not less than 0.01 ?m and a 90% diameter of the volume grain size distribution of not less than 0.02 ?m. The resulting substrate for an information recording medium has an excellent planarity, can be obtained in a short time and with a low polishing amount, and the resulting information recording medium is able to cope with increased data zone recording density.

Abstract: The transparent polycrystalline optoceramic has single crystallites and at least 95 percent by weight of the single crystallites have a cubic pyrochlore or fluorite structure. The optoceramic is composed of an oxide of stoichiometry: A2+xByDzE7 wherein 0<x<1, 0<y<2, 0<z<1.6 and 3x+4y+5z=8; wherein A is at least one trivalent rare earth cation; B is at least one tetravalent cation; D is at least one pentavalent cation; and E comprises at least one divalent anion. Refractive, diffractive or transmissive optical elements are made with these optoceramics.

Abstract: A method of forming (and an apparatus for forming) a metal-doped aluminum oxide layer on a substrate, particularly a semiconductor substrate or substrate assembly, using a vapor deposition process.

Abstract: Lead and arsenic free, and preferably gadolinium and further preferably also fluorine free, optical glasses for the application fields mapping, projection, telecommunication, optical communication engineering, mobile drive, laser technology and/or micro lens arrays have a refractive index of 1.91?nd?2.05, an Abbe number of 19??d?25 and have a low transformation temperature, namely of less than or equal to 470° C. and preferably of less than or equal to 450° C., as well as good producability and processability and crystallization stability.