Abstract: Ceramics (including glasses and glass-ceramics) comprising nitrogen, and methods of making the same.

Abstract: An optical glass suitable for mold forming at a low temperature including, in percent by weight, 9-25 percent of P2O5, 1-20 percent of GeO2, 12-28 percent of Nb2O5, 1-7 percent of TiO2, 0-55 percent of Bi2O3, 0-38 percent of WO3, 0-3 percent of SiO2, 0-5 percent of B2O3, 0-2 percent of Al2O3, 0-5 percent of Li2O, 0-11 percent of Na2O, 0-5 percent of K2O, 0-3 percent of Ta2O5, 0-1 percent of Sb2O3, at most 13 percent of at least one R2O selected from the group consisting of Li2O, Na2O and K2O, and at most 15 percent of at least one XO selected from the group consisting of CaO, SrO, BaO and ZnO. The optical glass essentially contains no environmental and human harmful components, facilitates mass production and is stable against devitrification near its softening temperature.

Abstract: Nanoscale particles, particle coatings/particle arrays and corresponding consolidated materials are described based on an ability to vary the composition involving a wide range of metal and/or metalloid elements and corresponding compositions. In particular, metalloid oxides and metal-metalloid compositions are described in the form of improved nanoscale particles and coatings formed from the nanoscale particles. Compositions comprising rare earth metals and dopants/additives with rare earth metals are described. Complex compositions with a range of host compositions and dopants/additives can be formed using the approaches described herein. The particle coating can take the form of particle arrays that range from collections of disbursable primary particles to fused networks of primary particles forming channels that reflect the nanoscale of the primary particles. Suitable materials for optical applications are described along with some optical devices of interest.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a BGG glass material with excellent optical and mechanical properties and to a method for its preparation characterized by the use of a halogen component. The BGG glass material is essentially devoid of water, has excellent optical transmission in the visible and mid-infrared wavelength range, and can be easily molded in small and large sizes and complex shapes at a low cost.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high refractive index, high dispersion optical glass for precision molding, being free from harmful materials causing environmental problems, such as lead oxide, etc., and having a low yield temperature (At), i.e. at most 580° C., a refractive index (nd) of at least 1.89 and an Abbe number (?d) of at most 23.0 and further providing a low softening property as well as an improved mass production property with less coloration, which is represented in terms of for making up the glass, by the following chemical composition (wt %): P2O5 3 to 20% B2O3 0 to 5% GeO2 more than 14 to 37% Sum of P2O5 + B2O3 + GeO2 24 to 43% Li2O 0 to 5% Na2O 0 to 8% K2O 0 to 10% Sum of Li2O + Na2O + K2O 1 to 10% Nb2O5 0 to 50% Bi2O3 12 to 67% BaO 0 to 5% WO3 0 to 12%.

Abstract: An optical glass which contains at least 20 mol % of TeO2 and has an internal transmittance of at least 80% in a thickness of 2 mm to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm and a refractive index of at least 1.85 to the same light, and which contains no alkali metal oxide or contains alkali metal oxides in a total amount of at most 15 mol %.

Abstract: The invention relates to uses of glasses and glass-ceramics in dental and orthodontic applications.

Abstract: A method for producing a component from a glass/polymer mixture where, a component is formed from a mixture of a thermoplastic with a processing temperature T1 and first glass particles with saturated surface bonds and a glass temperature T2<T1, at a temperature T3>T1. By melting the first glass particles, second glass particles are produced with surface bonds which can be saturated. The bonds are saturated by being bonded to the thermoplastic.

Abstract: Nanoscale particles, particle coatings/particle arrays and corresponding consolidated materials are described based on an ability to vary the composition involving a wide range of metal and/or metalloid elements and corresponding compositions. In particular, metalloid oxides and metal-metalloid compositions are described in the form of improved nanoscale particles and coatings formed from the nanoscale particles. Compositions comprising rare earth metals and dopants/additives with rare earth metals are described. Complex compositions with a range of host compositions and dopants/additives can be formed using the approaches described herein. The particle coating can take the form of particle arrays that range from collections of disbursable primary particles to fused networks of primary particles forming channels that reflect the nanoscale of the primary particles. Suitable materials for optical applications are described along with some optical devices of interest.

Abstract: An optical glass which contains at least 20 mol % of TeO2 and has an internal transmittance of at least 80% in a thickness of 2 mm to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm and a refractive index of at least 1.85 to the same light, and which contains no alkali metal oxide or contains alkali metal oxides in a total amount of at most 15 mol %.

Abstract: An optical waveguide amplifier fiber comprises a core region at least in part comprises Er2O3, Al2O3, GeO2 and Ga2O3. The amplifier fiber also comprises an inner clad surrounding the core region, and an outer clad surrounding the inner clad. The relative refractive index percentages and radii of the core region, inner clad and outer clad are chosen from the following ranges: the relative refractive index percent of the core segment within the range of from about 0.5% to about 1.2%; the relative refractive index percent of the inner clad within the range of from about 0.0% to about 0.3%; the outer radius of the core region within the range of from about 2.0 &mgr;m to about 5.0 &mgr;m; and, the outer radius of the inner clad within the range of from about 3.8 &mgr;m to about 10.2 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Systems and methods for large scale synthesis of germanium selenide glass and germanium selenide glass compounds are provided. Up to about 750 grams of a germanium selenide glass or a glass compound can be synthesized at a time in about eight hours or less. Stoichiometrically proportional amounts of germanium and selenium are placed in an ampoule. A variable may also be placed in the ampoule. The ampoule is heated to above the softening temperature of the glass or glass compound being synthesized. The ampoule is then rocked for a period of time while the temperature is held constant. The temperature of the ampoule is then brought down to above the softening temperature of the glass or glass compound being synthesized and then quenched.

Abstract: A ferroelectric Pb5Ge3O11 (PGO) thin film is provided with a metal organic vapor deposition (MOCVD) process and RTP (Rapid Thermal Process) annealing techniques. The PGO film is substantially crystallization with c-axis orientation at temperature between 450 and 650° C. The PGO film has an average grain size of about 0.5 microns, with a deviation in grain size uniformity of less than 10%. Good ferroelectric properties are obtained for a 150 nm thick film with Ir electrodes. The films also show fatigue-free characteristics: no fatigue was observed up to 1×109 switching cycles. The leakage currents increase with increasing applied voltage, and are about 3.6×10−7 A/cm2 at 100 kV/cm. The dielectric constant shows a behavior similar to most ferroelectric materials, with a maximum dielectric constant of about 45. These high quality MOCVD Pb5Ge3O11 films can be used for high density single transistor ferroelectric memory applications because of the homogeneity of the PGO film grain size.

Abstract: Glass-ceramics and methods of making the same. Embodiments of the invention include abrasive particles. The abrasive particles can be incorporated into a variety of abrasive articles, including bonded abrasives, coated abrasives, nonwoven abrasives, and abrasive brushes.

Abstract: An optical amplifying glass comprising a matrix glass and from 0.001 to 10% by mass percentage of Tm doped to the matrix glass, wherein the matrix glass contains from 15 to 80 mol % of Bi2O3 and further contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of SiO2, B2O3 and GeO2.

Abstract: Amorphous materials, glass-ceramics and methods of making the same. Embodiments of the invention include abrasive particles. The abrasive particles can be incorporated into a variety of abrasive articles, including bonded abrasives, coated abrasives, nonwoven abrasives, and abrasive brushes.

Abstract: A Tm-doped germanate glass composition comprises GeO2 having a concentration of at least 20 mole percent, Tm2O3 having a concentration of about 0.001 mole percent to about 2 mole percent, and Ga2O3, having a concentration of about 2 mole percent to about 40 mole percent. The composition can further include an alkaline earth metal compound selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, BaF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, and combinations thereof, and having a non-zero concentration of less than about 40 mole percent. The composition can further include an alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting of Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, Cs2O, Li2F2, Na2F2, K2F2, Rb2F2, Cs2F2, Li2Cl2, Na2Cl2, K2Cl2, Rb2Cl2, Cs2Cl2, Li2Br2, Na2Br2, K2Br2, Rb2Br2, Cs2Br2 and combinations thereof, and having a non-zero concentration of less than about 20 mole percent.

Abstract: The invention resides in a molecular, inorganic glass and a method of making the glass, the glass being vitreous and resistant to devitrification, that is composed, in substantial part at least, of thermally-stable, zero-dimensional clusters or molecules, composed of four atoms of arsenic and three atoms of sulfur, the glass further containing up to 12 atomic percent of germanium, adjoining clusters being bonded to each other primarily by van der Waals forces, and at least 95% of the glass composition consisting of 42-60% arsenic, 37-48% sulfur plus selenium, the selenium being 0-14%.

Abstract: A Tm-doped germanate glass composition comprises GeO2 having a concentration of at least 20 mole percent, Tm2O3 having a concentration of about 0.001 mole percent to about 2 mole percent, and Ga2O3, having a concentration of about 2 mole percent to about 40 mole percent. The composition can further include an alkaline earth metal compound selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, BaF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, and combinations thereof, and having a non-zero concentration of less than about 40 mole percent. The composition can further include an alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting of Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, Cs2O, Li2F2, Na2F2, K2F2, Rb2F2, Cs2F2, Li2Cl2, Na2Cl2, K2Cl2, Rb2Cl2, Cs2Cl2, Li2Br2, Na2Br2, K2Br2, Rb2Br2, Cs2Br2 and combinations thereof, and having a non-zero concentration of less than about 20 mole percent.

Abstract: The specification describes rare earth doped fiber amplifier devices for operation in the extended L-band, i.e. at wavelengths from 1565 nm to above 1610 nm. High efficiency and flat gain spectra are obtained using a high silica based fiber codoped with Er, Al, Ge, and P and an NA of at least 0.15.

Abstract: A composition has a durability to a sterilization treatment using vapor under high temperature and pressure and capable of transmitting or absorbing light. The composition comprises a group A including 15 to 23 mol % of lanthanum oxide, 3 to 8 mol % of gadolinium oxide, 3 to 8 mol % of tantalum oxide, and 8 mol % or less of yttrium oxide; a group B including 30 to 45 mol % of boron oxide, 20 mol % or less of silicon oxide, and 20 mol % or less of germanium oxide; zero mol % of alkaline metal oxide or alkaline earth metal oxide; and a group D including 0.3 to 15 mol % of niobium oxide and 3 to 15 mol % of zirconium oxide. A mol % ratio A/B between the group A and group B is 80% or more, and a dissolving-out rate of metal ion of the composition is 0.002×10−6 mol/hour or less per square centimeter.

Abstract: An optical amplifying glass having Er doped in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% as represented by mass percentage to a matrix glass comprising, by mol %, BiO2: 20 to 80, B2O3+SiO2: 5 to 75, Ga2O3+WO3+TeO2: 0.1 to 35, Al2O3≦10, GeO2≦30, TiO2≦30, and SnO2≦30, and containing no CeO2.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention an optically active glass contains Sb2O3, up to about 4 mole % of an oxide of a rare earth element, and 0-20 mole % of a metal halide selected from the group consisting of a metal fluoride, a metal bromide, a metal chloride, and mixtures thereof, wherein this metal is a trivalent metal, a divalent metal, a monovalent metal, and mixtures thereof. In addition, any of the glass compositions described herein may contain up to 15 mole % B2O3 substituted for an equivalent amount of Sb2O3.

Abstract: New and improved compositions of doped and co-doped germanium fluorophosphate glasses for laser hosts and fiber amplifiers have a high refractive index (nD) 1.67-1.70, high transmission in the near infrared part of the spectra (to 6 micron) and a wide glass-forming domain. These glass systems [BaGe4O9—Ba(PO3)2—RFx] contain (mol %): BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, BiF3, PbF2 of 10 to 70 percent and GeO2 7.31 to 58.48 percent, P2O5 of 4.81 to 38.50 percent, BaO of 7.86 to 62.94 percent where dopants and co-dopants are over 100 percent (in wt %): Nd2O3(NdF3) of 0.5 to 15 percent, Er2O3(ErF3) of 0.2 to 12 percent, Yb2O3(YbF3) of 1.0 to 15 percent, Ho2O3(HoF3) of 1.0 to 10 percent, Pr2O3(PrF3) of 0.5 to 12 percent, Tm2O3(TmF3) of 0.2 to 10 percent, Tb2O3(TbF3) of 0.1 to 10 percent, MnO(MnF2) of 0.5 to 20 percent.

Abstract: A sol-gel process for fabricating bulk, germanium-doped silica bodies useful for a variety of applications, including core rods, substrate tubes, immediate overcladding, pumped fiber lasers, and planar waveguides, is provided. The process involves the steps of providing a dispersion of silica particles in an aqueous quaternary ammonium germanate solution—typically tetramethylammonium germanate, gelling the dispersion to provide a gel body, and drying, heat treating, and sintering the body to provide the germanium-doped silica glass.

Abstract: Glasses of the present invention are tellurite and oxyhalide glasses doped with rare-earth ion, which can be applied to highly efficient optical amplifiers and lasers for optical communication. They are thermally and chemically stable during and after the fabrication processes of the optical fiber. The glass material includes 20˜70 mole % of TeO2, a heavy metal oxide, 0.001˜10 mole % of a rare earth ion dopant, 5˜30 mole % of MO, M being selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn and Pb, and optionally 1˜20 mole % of R2O, R being selected from a group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. In the composition of the glass, 3˜18 mole % of MO and R2O may be substituted by the metal halides. The glasses of the present invention are similar in phonon energy to the conventional tellurite glasses not to increase the non-radiative transition rate. Further, the fluorescence lifetime is additionally increased in case of partial substitution of oxide to halide.

Abstract: A glass consisting essentially of antimony oxide. An optically active glass consisting essentially of antimony oxide and up to about 4 mole % of an oxide of a rare earth element. A rare earth-doped, antimony oxide-containing glass including 0-99 mole % SiO2, 0-99 mole % GeO2, 0-75 mole % (Al, Ga)2O3, 0.5-99 mole % Sb2O3, and up to about 4 mole % of an oxide of a rare earth element. The oxide of the rare earth element may comprise Er2O3. The glass of the invention further includes fluorine, expressed as a metal fluoride. An optical energy-producing or light-amplifying device, in particular, an optical amplifier, comprising the above-described glass. The optical amplifier can be either a fiber amplifier or a planar amplifier, either of which may have a hybrid composition. Embodiments of the glass of the invention can be formed by conventional glass making techniques, while some of the high content antimony oxide embodiments are formed by splat or roller quenching.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical glass for precision molding, having excellent properties, i.e. yield temperature (At) of at most 550° C., refractive index (nd) of at least 1.83 and Abbe number (&ngr;d) of at most 26.0 and further providing a low softening property as well as an improved mass production property with less coloration, which is represented, in term of atoms for making up the glass, by the following chemical composition (wt %) P2O5 14.0 to 31.0% B2O3   0 to 5.0% GeO2   0 to 14.0% Sum of P2O5 + B2O3 + GeO2 14.0 to 35.0% Li2O   0 to 6.0% Na2O  2.5 to 14.0% Sum of Li2O + Na2O  2.5 to 15.0% Nb2O5 22.0 to 50.0% WO3   0 to 30.0% Bi2O3  5.0 to 36.0% BaO   0 to 22.0%.

Abstract: An optical amplifier glass comprising a matrix glass containing Bi2O3 and at least one of Al2O3 and Ga2O3, and Er doped to the matrix glass, wherein from 0.01 to 10% by mass percentage of Er is doped to the matrix glass which has a total content of Al2O3 and Ga2O3 of at least 0.1 mol %, a content of Bi2O3 of at least 20 mol %, a refractive index of at least 1.8 at a wavelength of 1.55 &mgr;m, a glass transition temperature of at least 360° C. and an optical basicity of at most 0.49.

Abstract: There is disclosed second-order nonlinear glass material wherein a part having second-order nonlinearity contains Ge, H and OH and has second-order nonlinear optical constant d of 1 pm/V or more, and a method for producing second-order nonlinear glass material comprising treating a porous glass material containing Ge with hydrogen, sintering it and subjecting it to a ultraviolet poling treatment. There can be provided second-order nonlinear glass material having second-order nonlinearity which is a sufficiently high and has a sufficiently long lifetime for a practical purpose, in use of the glass material for optical functional elements or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxide glass capable of exhibiting a long lasting afterglow and photostimulated phosphorescence, can be used not only as a material for confirming an infrared laser or controlling an optical axis, but also as a material for recording or reproducing of &ggr;-rays, X-rays or UV-rays images and further can be used as an optical recording material of such a type that can be read. This glass material is represented, in term of atoms for making up the glass, by the following chemical composition (mol %): GeO2 21 to 80% ZnO 0 to 50% Ga2O2 0 to 55% (ZnO + Ga2O3 = 3 to 55%) Tb2O3 0 to 10% MnO 0 to 2% (Tb2O3 + MnO = 0.01 to 10%) R2O 0 to 45% (R: at least one atom selected from Li, Na, K and Cs) R′O 0 to 40% (R′: at least one atom selected from Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) R2O + R′O 0.

Abstract: A tellurite glass as a glass material of optical fiber and optical waveguide has a composition of 0<Bi2O3≦20 (mole %), 0≦Na2O≦35 (mole %), 0≦ZnO≦35 (mole %), and 55≦TeO2≦90 (mole %). The tellurite glass allows an optical amplifier and a laser device that have broadband and low-noise characteristics. In a splicing structure of non silica-based optical fiber (as a first fiber) and a silica-based optical fiber (as a second fiber), optical axes of the first and second optical fibers are held at different angles &thgr;1 and &thgr;2 (&thgr;1≠&thgr;2) respectively from a vertical axis of a boundary surface between their spliced ends, and a relationship between the angles &thgr;1 and &thgr;2 satisfies Snell's law represented by an equation of sin &thgr;1/sin &thgr;2=n2/n1 (where n1 is a refractive index of the first optical fiber and n2 is a refractive index of the second optical fiber) at the time of splicing the first and second optical fibers.

Abstract: A Ge--Ga--S-based glass composition for performing an optical amplification and an apparatus for optical communications using the same are provided. In the glass composition according to the present invention, an active material for performing luminescence and optical amplification operations is added to the Ge--Ga--S host glass and a transition metal ion moving the distribution of optical amplification gains is added in a range from 0.01 mole % to 0.2 mol %.

Abstract: A process of making a mineral powder usable for manufacturing functional fiber includes pulverizing mineral ingredients including germanium of 60 weight percent, biostrome of 20 weight percent, jade of 10 weight percent, anorthite of 5 weight percent and minerals of 5 weight percent to about 100 mesh and charging the mineral ingredients into an internal furnace of copper having a wall thickness of 2-5 mm; placing feldspar pulverized to about 325 mesh between an inner surface of an electric heating plate and an outer surface of the internal furnace; heating the mineral ingredients and feldspar for seven days at about 1000.degree. C. by means of the electric heating plate; pulverizing the mineral ingredients having had thermal deformation from the internal furnace again to more than about 325 mesh; placing the pulverized mineral ingredients into the internal furnace again; charging the internal furnace with the burnt feldspar; again heating the mineral ingredients for three days at 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: These glasses incorporate a combination of F and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 to achieve even wider fluorescence and improved gain flatness. In addition, SPCVD incorporates large amounts of N into low-loss fiber whose high charge has an impact on rare earth behavior. The Surface Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (SPCVD) produces fiber preforms with high levels of F, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and N. These heavily fluorinated glasses provide much broader Er.sup.3+ emission than Type I or Type II silica for enhanced multichannel amplifiers. SPCVD successfully fluorinates silica with losses below 5 dB/km and increased Er.sup.3+ emission width.

Abstract: This patent discloses the composition of germanate glass and a new method for its fabrication. The composition comprises germanate, the oxide of an alkali earth group, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZnO, a halides compound eg. CaF.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2 and so on,, and can combine with a series of oxygenous compounds such as silicate, borate, phosphate, arsenate, tellurate and so on, if required. The addition of an alkali oxide could increase the glass formation rate and homogeneity, and the defects of devitrification, cord, knot, and blister are reduced. Its fabricated methods which consist of the reduction pressure melting with the addition of a halide and the drying procedure. The germanate glass body that is made is colorless and transparent and it can increase the transmittance of infrared from 20% to greater than 60% in the wave length 2.75-3.0 .mu.m. The price of producing the germanate glass is decreased and the transmittance of this composition system increased from 5% to 80%.

Abstract: An improved optical glass fiber for transmitting mid infrared wavelength laser light in surgical instruments, includes a heavy-metal oxide component, preferably GeO.sub.2 doped with heavier cations and anions, and which is capable of delivering at least three watts of laser power continuously for more than ten minutes, without failure. This glass fiber has an .alpha.(dB/m) at 2.94 .mu.m of 10, preferably less, and can transmit at least 27% of the IR through a thickness of one foot.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic article or composition which has better thermal and physical properties than the competing materials of zinc sulfide, spinel, or magnesium fluoride comprising 2-30 mole percent yttrium oxide and/or rare earth oxide, 25-80 mole percent germanium oxide, and 5-30 mole percent gallium oxide, based on the total moles of yttrium oxide and/or the rare earth oxide, germanium oxide, and gallium oxide; which article is over 80% by volume crystalline.

Abstract: A germanate glass ceramic article which has better thermal and physical perties than the competing materials of zinc sulfide, spinel, and sapphire is made by mixing germanate ceramic glass components; melting the components to form a molten mass; cooling the molten mass to form a solid glass article; nucleating the solid article by heating it in the range of about 630.degree.-790.degree. C. for about 1-16 hours to develop nuclei in the article; and crystallizing the nucleated article by heating it, after nucleation, in the range of about 1/2 minute to about 8 hours to grow the nuclei to crystallites having an average diameter of less then about 1000 nanometer (nm); and cooling to form the glass ceramic.

Abstract: A glass comprising 10-40 mol % as Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 of a lanthanide oxide wherein Ln is a lanthanide element, 30-60 mol % as SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 in total of silicon dioxide, boron oxide and/or germanium oxide, and 16-40 mol % as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of aluminum oxide has high Tg, a low average coefficient of linear expansion and a high dielectric constant. A dielectric composition containing the glass and a dielectric material is useful in the fabrication of multilayer wiring substrates and multilayer ceramic capacitors.

Abstract: Optical fibers and glass composition comprising a mixture of barium oxide, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, and a modifying agent selected from lanthium oxide, indium oxide, and mixtures thereof; molar ratio of barium oxide to gallium oxide is from about 4:1 to about 1:1, preferably 2:1 to 1, and especially about 1:1; amount of germanium oxide is at least 40 mole percent, preferably 60 to 95 mole percent, and especially 65 to 90 mole percent; about 0.1 to about 5 mole percent, preferably 0.5 to 4, of gallium oxide is replaced with the modifying agent. The optical fibers made from the glass composition defined herein, with or without the modifying agent, have light transmission wavelength band of about 0.3 to 4 microns; lower optical loss than silica-based optical fibers, the minimum optical loss of the novel fibers having the potential of 0.05 dB/km at 2 microns.

Abstract: A coated carbon body having improved resistance to high temperature oxidation and a method for producing the coated carbon body are described. The coated carbon body comprises a carbon body, an intermediate glass forming coating and an outer refractory coating on the intermediate coating. The body has a converted porous layer formed by etching and reacting the body with boron oxide and the resulting converted layer contains interconnecting interstices and boron carbide formed by the reaction of the boron oxide and the carbon body. The method comprises contacting a carbon body with boron oxide at an elevated temperature sufficient to cause the reaction between the carbon body and boron oxide to form a converted porous layer which contains interconnecting interstices in the body and boron carbide and then applying the glass forming coating over the converted layer. Preferably an outer refractory coating is applied over the glass forming coating.

Abstract: This invention relates to glasses exhibiting very high optical non-linearity, very high Verdet constants, very high electro-optic constants, and excellent transmissions of infrared radiation. The glasses consist essentially, in cation percent, of:______________________________________ T10.sub.0.5 20-55 GeO.sub.2 0-17 BiO.sub.1.5 0-67 PbO 0-40 GaO.sub.1.5 13-30 T10.sub.0.5 + BiO.sub.1.5 + PbO 70-87 SiO.sub.2 0-5 TeO.sub.

Abstract: This invention is drawn to heavy metal oxide glasses exhibiting high nonlinear susceptibility and infrared transmission consisting essentially, in weight percent, of 42-48% PbO, 33-44% Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-15% Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3, and up to 15% total of at least one member of the group consisting of up to 5% SiO.sub.2 and/or GeO.sub.2 and up to 15% Tl.sub.2 O. This invention also comprehends the fabrication of light guiding fibers from those glasses.

Abstract: This invention relates to thallium germanate, tellurite, and antimonite glasses possessing high optical nonlinearity, as well as good visible and infrared transmission, making them suitable materials for the fabrication of active optical devices.

Abstract: This invention is drawn to heavy metal oxide glasses exhibiting high nonlinear susceptibility and infrared transmission consisting essentially, in weight percent, of 42-48% PbO, 33-44% Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-15% Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3, and up to 15% total of at least one member of the group consisting of up to 5% SiO.sub.2 and/or GeO.sub.2 and up to 15% Tl.sub.2 O. This invention also comprehends the fabrication of light guiding fibers from those glasses.

Abstract: Radioactive microspheres for radiation synovectomy of arthritic joints in a mammal comprises a biodegradable glass material and a beta radiation emitting radioisotope chemically dissolved in and distributed substantially uniformly throughout the glass material. The biodegradable glass material may be lithium silicate, lithium aluminosilicate, lithium aluminoborate, lithium germanate, lithium aluminogermanate, potassium silicate, potassium aluminosilicate, potassium aluminoborate, potassium germanate or potassium aluminogermanate and the beta radiation emitting radioisotope may be samarium-153, holmium-166, erbium-169, dysprosium-165, rhenium-186, rhenium-188 or yttrium-90. Method for preparing such microspheres and for carrying out radiation synovectomy of arthritic joints utilizing such microspheres are also disclosed.

Abstract: A durable, optically isotropic glass composition which contains 50-75 percent of germania, 10-25 percent of alumina and/or gallia, and 10-25 percent of terbium oxide and/or dysprosium oxide and/or gadolinium oxide.

Abstract: An optical glass which is a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 system glass including ingredients selected from two groups of R.sub.2 O.sub.3 ingredients of specific contents have excellent resistivity to devitrification, homogeneity, light transmissivity and chemical durability.

Abstract: To tellurite optical glass comprising TeO.sub.2, high valence components are added and may be a combination of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, at least one of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2, and at least one of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5. The high valence components may include Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3. Amounts of TeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2 O.sub.3 are restricted to ranges between 10% and 80% and between 5% and 35%, respectively. A sum of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 must fall within a range between 1% and 30%, with an amount of GeO.sub.2 restricted between 0% and 22%. A total of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 must be between 5% and 50%. A sum of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 should range from 1% to 26%, with individual amounts of Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 kept between 0% and 20% and between 0% and 26%, respectively.