Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed wherein exogenous chemicals are applied to plants to generate a desired biological response. One embodiment of the present invention is a plant treatment composition that comprises (a) an exogenous chemical; (b) a first excipient substance which is a compound or mixture of compounds having the formula R14—CO—A—R15 wherein R14 is a hydrocarbyl group having about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms, R15 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms in R14 and R15 is about 11 to about 27, and A is O or NH; and (c) a second excipient substance which is an amphiphilic substance having a critical packing parameter greater than ⅓.

Abstract: The novel compounds of formula I: wherein A has the meaning set forth in the description, and herbicidal compositions containing such compounds as active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention teaches the composition of terminally modified, amino, polyether, siloxanes, known henceforth as amino siloxane alkokylates, and their use as adjuvants. The amino siloxane alkoxylates of the present invention enhance the efficacy of agrichemicals on plants as compared to conventional TSE's alone. The amino siloxane alkoxylates have at one end, an amine functionality and at the other end, a polyalkyleneoxide functionality.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable, quaternized vinlypyridine carboxylate home-, co- and ter-polymers, useful as dye transfer inhibitors and polymers complexable with active agrochemical, pharmaceutical or cosmetic agents for controlled release thereof, and to a commercial process for the synthesis of said polymers in high yield and purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of formula I: 1

Abstract: Compositions containing hydroximic acid derivatives of the formula where R1, R2, R3, R, X, Y, A, and B are as defined in the specification, are useful for the promotion of plant production and/or for the elimination of unfavourable environmental influences in plant cultivation.

Abstract: An agrochemical composition packaged in a water soluble or water dispersible sachet is taught. The agrochemical composition is comprised of water-soluble, agrochemically active agent, water and an agent to minimize water loss through the walls of the sachet, wherein the is an ester of an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or arylalkyl acid; an ester or a naturally occurring oil; or a mineral or a synthetic oil; provided that the agent is not dibutylphtalate.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed wherein exogenous chemicals are applied to plants to generate a desired biological response. One embodiment of the present invention is a plant treatment composition that comprises (a) an exogenous chemical and (b) an alkylether surfactant or mixture of such surfactants having the formula R12—O—(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)m—R13 wherein R12 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, n is an average number of about 10 to about 100, m is an average number of 0 to about 5 and R13 is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl. The alkylether surfactant or mixture thereof is present in an amount such that the weight/weight ratio of said alkylether surfactant or mixture of such surfactants to the exogenous chemical is about 1:3 to about 1:100.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I, and their N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts, are disclosed which are useful for controlling undesired vegetation and Q, W, X, Y, Z, and R1 through R8 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula I and a method for controlling undesired vegetation which involves contacting the vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: When herbicides are applied, surfactants can affect the wettability of leaves of the plants and the effectiveness of the herbicides. According to the invention, a particular intensification of action is achieved when surfactants from the group comprising the C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 -alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates and their physiologically acceptable salts together with leaf-acting selective herbicides or the leaf-acting non-selective herbicides glyphosate, paraquat or diquat are applied.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed wherein exogenous chemicals are applied to plants to generate a desired biological response. One embodiment of the present invention is a plant treatment composition that comprises an exogenous chemical and a first excipient substance. The first excipient substance is an amphiphilic quaternary ammonium compound or mixture of such compounds, having the formulaR.sup.8 --W.sub.a --X--Y.sub.b --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --N.sup.+ (R.sup.9)(R.sup.10)(R.sup.11) T.sup.-wherein R.sup.8 represents the hydrophobic moiety and is a hydrocarbyl or haloalkyl group having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, W and Y are independently O or NH, a and b are independently 0 or 1 but at least one of a and b is 1, X is CO, SO or SO.sub.2, n is 2 to 4, R.sup.9, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are independently C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and T is a suitable anion.

Abstract: An aqueous agrochemical concentrate formulation comprises a) an agrochemical electrolyte such as salts of glyphosate, fomesafen, glufosinate, paraquat or bentazone, b) an alkoxylated adjuvant, c) an alkylglycoside and d) a co-surfactant which interacts with the alkylglycoside to form a structured aqueous system. Preferred co-surfactants are:- (i) a linear or branched chain aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, (ii) an alcohol or ester or alkyl phenol alkoxylate having a degree of alkoxylation lower than that of the alkoxylated adjuvant present in the formulation as component (b), (iii) a glyceryl alkyl or alkenyl ester and (iv) a sorbitan alkyl or alkenyl ester.

Abstract: The novel cyanopyridines of the general formula (I) ##STR1## (A, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, m and n are defined in the specification) show selective herbicidal activity.The new compounds can be prepared according to known methods and can be used as herbicides in agriculture and related fields.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for application to a plant that comprises an exogenous chemical (for example, a postemergent herbicide), an aqueous diluent, and a first excipient substance that is amphiphilic. The weight/weight ratio of the first excipient substance to the exogenous chemical is between about 1:3 and about 1:100. The aqueous composition forms anisotropic aggregates on a wax layer, and the presence of the anisotropic aggregates can be detected by a test described herein. Compositions of the present invention, when applied to plants, provide enhanced biological activity per unit amount of exogenous chemical, as compared to otherwise similar compositions containing surfactants that do not form anisotropic aggregates. Without being bound by theory, it is presently believed that this enhanced biological activity results from the formation or enlargement of hydrophilic channels through the epicuticular wax of the plant.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed wherein exogenous chemicals are applied to plants to generate a desired biological response. One embodiment of the present invention is a plant treatment composition that comprises (a) an exogenous chemical; (b) a first excipient substance which is a compound or mixture of compounds having the formulaR.sup.14 --CO--A--R.sup.15wherein R.sup.14 is a hydrocarbyl group having about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms, R.sup.15 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 is about 11 to about 27, and A is O or NH; and (c) a second excipient substance which is an amphiphilic substance having a critical packing parameter greater than 1/3.

Abstract: A liquid enhancer composition for bipyridinium series herbicides comprising specific tertiary amine and a derivative thereof, at least one oxalic acid or a salt thereof selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, potassium oxalate, alkanolamine salts of oxalic acid, and lower alkylamine salts of oxalic acid, wherein the ratio of oxalic acid or the salt thereof is 0.1 to 10 times mole per mole of the nitrogen-containing compound. The enhancer composition of the present invention has an excellent stability with lapse of time to a change in temperatures and can markedly enhance the medicinal efficacy of an bipyridinium series herbicide even when the composition is used in a liquid form in combination with the herbicide.

Abstract: A novel method is provided wherein plants are first treated with an exogenous chemical (e.g., glyphosate herbicide) and then sequentially treated with a liquid accession agent which provides improved biological (e.g., herbicidal) effectiveness such that plants are controlled with lower rates of the applied exogenous chemical (e.g., glyphosate herbicide). Sequential application has been demonstrated to reduce the antagonism to herbicidal effectiveness that can be exhibited when the accession agent is added to a herbicide in a tank mix or simple coformulation. Typical accession agents employed in the disclosed method include a class of surfactants known as superwetting agents, such as certain organosilicone-based and fluorocarbon-based surfactants.

Abstract: The novel cyanopyridines of the general formula (I) ##STR1## (A, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, m and n are defined in the specification) show selective herbicidal activity. The new compounds can be prepared according to known methods and can be used as herbicides in agriculture and related fields.

Abstract: A compound is disclosed having the formula: ##STR1## The compound is useful as an active ingredient in a herbicidal composition.

Abstract: The novel 6-thienyl pyridines and 4-thienyl pyrimidines of formula I: ##STR1## (A, R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 and Z are defined in the specification) show selective herbicidal activity.The new compounds can be prepared according to known methods and can be used as herbicides in agriculture and related fields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a herbicide composition comprising (a) paraquat and/or diquat, (b) an anionic surfactant and (c) a chelating agent, wherein a molar ratio (c)/(a) of the component (c) to the component (a) is 0.1-3. The herbicidal effect is markedly enhanced by the incorporation of the chelating agent.

Abstract: A herbicide composition which comprises a herbicide and a small but herbicide absorption enhancing effective amount of a water soluble, non-aromatic polyorganic acid or a salt or copolymer thereof such as polyaspartic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to new 1H-3-aryl-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which A, B, X, Y and G have the meanings given in the description, to a plurality of processes for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides.

Abstract: Mixtures of optically active cyclohexenone oxime ethers having R- and S-configuration in the oxime ether moiety of the formula I ##STR1## (R.sup.1 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl; ##STR2## X=C.sub.1-C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl; m=0-3 or 1-4 where all X's are halogen;n=0-3 or 1-5 where all X's are halogen;R.sup.2 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered saturated heterocyclic structure, substituted or unsubstituted 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic structure, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaromatic structure, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or pyridyl)and their agriculturally useful salts and esters with C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -carboxylic acids and inorganic acids.

Abstract: Herbicidal 3-substituted pyridine compounds and derivatives thereof of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group having 1, 2 or 3 ring nitrogen atoms with the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon; a substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl group having a ring heteroatom of oxygen or sulfur with the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon; or a substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl group having one ring nitrogen atom and either an oxygen or sulfur ring heteroatom with the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon. Herbicidal compositions containing such 3-substituted pyridine compounds and derivatives thereof and methods of controlling undesirable vegetation employing these compounds and derivatives are also disclosed. The compounds in which XR is hydroxyl are also useful as intermediates for producing the disclosed 3-substituted pyridine derivatives.

Abstract: An increase in the quality of maize seed, especially with respect to improved seed vigor, is achieved by defoliating maize plants during a specific period after pollination. A maize seed assemblage then is obtained that is characterized by an enhanced seed vigor.

Abstract: The invention provides a concentrate for dilution with water in the preparation of an agriculatural composition for application to crops, soil or animals and comprising an agricultural chemical whose agricultural activity varies with the pH of the water; and the invention provides a method of preparing such agricultural composition by mixing the concentrate with water and effecting such pH modification to the composition as is necessary to obtain a pH in the composition at which the agricultural activity of the chemical is acceptable. The concentrate comprises an active ingredient and a pH indicator for colouring the water, and the proportions of pH indicator and active ingredient are selected so that when the concentrate is diluted with water to provide an effective concentration of active ingredient in the water, the pH indicator indicates visually whether or not the pH of the water is suitable for acceptable agricultural activiy of the chemical.

Abstract: Precipitate-free aqueous compositions, well adapted as agricultural chemicals, e.g., crop protectants, are comprised of at least one water soluble cationic organic compound, e.g., a pesticidally active quaternary ammonium compound, and a thickening amount of a xanthan gum having an intrinsic viscosity of less than 3,500 cm.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: This invention relates to glutarimide compounds exhibiting herbicidal activity having the structure ##STR1## wherein A is carbonyl, thiocarbonyl or methylene, A.sup.1 is carbonyl or methylene, Q is O or (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 0 or 1, D is CH or N and R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, T, X, Y and Z are as defined within, compositions containing these compounds and methods of using these compounds as herbicides and algicides.

Abstract: A method for dispensing an emulsion or a water soluble composition in an aqueous medium comprising the steps of introducing said water soluble composition and at least one non-ionic or anionic surfactant into water so that the resulting concentration of surfactant or surfactant mixture in the water is less than the critical micelle concentration.

Abstract: There are provided novel 5(and/or 6)substituted 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) and 2-(2-imidazolidinyl)nicotinic acids, esters and salts, which are useful as herbicidal agents. There are also provided novel substituted pyrrolopyridine acetonitriles, pyrrolopyridine acetamides, imidazopyrrolopyridinediones and carbamoylnicotinic acid esters, that are useful as intermediates for the preparation of the above said herbicidal agents.

Abstract: Pyridine derivatives of the formulae ##STR1## wherein W, X, Y and Z are each C--R.sup.4, N or N.fwdarw.O, with the proviso that the ring contains only one heteroatom, and the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the following meanings:R.sup.1 is alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen,R.sup.3 is formyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl or --CO--A--R.sup.5 or --CO--NR.sup.6.sup.R.sup.7, whereR.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oxabicyclo ether derivative compounds, compositions containing these ether derivative compounds, and methods of using these compounds or compositions to control the growth of undesired vegetation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a variety of compounds, compositions, and methods of using them which are herbicidally active on a wide variety of weed species and exhibit safety to rice, cereals or broadleaf crops.

Abstract: Pyrazole-3-carboxamides of the general formula I ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meaning: R.sup.1 hydrogen;substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.1 C.sub.6 -alkyl;R.sup.2 hydroxy; amino; C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino; di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino, aminocarbonyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl; substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkynyl, phenyl or naphthyl,a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring;one of the groups mentioned for R.sup.1 orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together denote a 4- to 7-membered chain which may contain, in addition to methylene groups one of the following groups as ring member: oxygen, sulfur N-methyl or carbonyl;R.sup.3 a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring.substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl or phenyl orone of the groups mentioned for R.sup.1 ;R.sup.

Abstract: 2-Amino-4-trichloromethylpyridines of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl or phenyl, benzyl or phenylsulfonyl,--CX--R.sup.3, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.3 or --PX(OR.sup.4).sub.2 orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form .dbd.CR.sup.5 R.sup.6 or --CO--Z--CO--,X is oxygen or sulfur,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, morpholino, piperidino, pyrazolidino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkylcarbonylamino, substituted or unsubstituted phenylamino or benzylamino,R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -haloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Q.sup.1 is CH or N; R is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl; X is H, halogen, CF.sub.3, or NO.sub.2 ; Y is H or halogen; Z is --O-- or --NH--; A is ##STR2## wherein Q.sup.2, and Q.sup.3 are each CH or N; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxycarbonyl; R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl; R.sup.6 is H, halogen, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl; R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, and R.sup.10 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl; R.sup.11 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.15 aryloxyalkyl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.15 aralkyl; R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl; R.sup.14 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 aryl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.15 aralkyl; or R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 taken together form C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkylene, V.sup.1 and V.sup.

Abstract: Isoxazole(isothiazole)-5-carboxamides, having herbicidal activity, of the formula ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur,R.sup.1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical having one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and which may be substituted, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, orR.sup.2 is formyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl or a radical of the formula COYR.sup.5 or CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7.

Abstract: A biocide composition comprises an effective amount of a biocide and an effective amount of a biocide activator selected from the group consisting of an alkyl phosphate, an alkenyl phosphate, a hydroxyalkyl phosphate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene hydroxyalkyl ether phosphate and a salt thereof.

Abstract: Substituted benzyl carbamates of the formula ##STR1## in which: R is a member selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, NO.sub.2, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyloxy, phenoxy, pyridyloxy, and substituted phenoxy and substituted pyridyloxy substituted with one or more members of the group consisting of halogen and trifluoromethyl;R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; andR.sub.2 is a member selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, phenyl and substituted pyridyl and substituted phenyl substituted with one or more of the group consisting of H, cyano, halogen,C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl;and their use as herbicides are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which Ar is an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic ring system:R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or akynyl, halogen, NR.sup.a R.sup.b, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted alkenyl or cycloalkyl group;R.sup.3 is CO.sub.2 R.sup.4, CN, COR.sup.4, CH.sub.2 OR.sup.4, CH.sub.4 (OH)R.sup.4, CH(OR.sup.4)R.sup.5, CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.6 R.sup.4, CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.6 R.sub.4, CH.sub.2 ONR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CSNH.sub.2, COSR.sup.4, SCOR.sup.4, COHNSO.sub.2 R.sup.4, CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CONHNR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CONHN.sup.+ R.sup.6 R.sup.7 R.sup.8 Y.sup.-2, CO.sub.2.sup.- M.sup.+ or COON.dbd.CR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ;M.sup.+ is an agriculturally acceptable cation;Y.sup.- is an agriculturally acceptable anion;R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are independently selected from H or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group;R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.