Abstract: The present invention provides a structured paste which is substantially free of LAS and which is suitable for processing into a high bulk density, high active granular detergent. Surfactant pastes of the present invention have a viscosity of at least 10 Pa.s (measured at 70.degree. C. and 25 sec.sup.-1) and comprise: from 30% to 90% by weight of anionic surfactant; from 0% to 50% by weight of nonionic surfactant; from 0.5% to 20% by weight of either a polymeric cationic material or a polar amino acid; and from 1% to 40% by weight of water.

Abstract: A method and composition for enhancing the biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil, water, and/or sludge are disclosed. The composition comprises an adduct of urea with a non-ionic surfactant and a phosphorous source. The disclosed method provides for the application of a degradation effective amount of a composition which comprises a N:P ratio which ranges from 10:2 to about 10:0.5 and the urea and non-ionic surfactant are present in the adduct in a weight ratio ranging from 98:2 to 75:25. Further, the method of biodegradation is carried out by the application of the composition to provide for a C:N:P ratio of 100:10:1 to 100:1:001. The C:N:P ratio is based on the weight percent of the hydrocarbon contaminate in the soil, water and/or sludge sites to be treated.

Abstract: A surface active mixture comprising: (A) from about 1 to about 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant having one or two lipophilic groups and having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and a polar group selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfate and sulfonate groups; (B) from about 0.5 to about 15% by weight of an alkyl glycoside of the formula R(G).sub.x, wherein R is a linear saturated alkyl radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and (G).sub.x is a glycoside or oligoglycoside unit with a degree of oligomerization x of 1 to 10; (C) from about 0.1 to about 7% by weight of a nitrogen-containing copolymer having a molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 1,500,000 wherein said copolymer is comprised of: (i) from about 99.5 to about 45 mole-% of units derived from vinyl pyrrolidone, (ii) from at 0.5 to about 50 mole-% of units derived from a monomer corresponding to formula (I):CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR.sup.1 --COOR.sup.2 --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.

Abstract: A process for forming solid cast detergent products comprising the steps of: (a) forming an aqueous detergent slurry comprising from about 60 to about 90 parts by weight of solid detergent ingredients, per 100 parts of total detergent slurry weight, said solid detergent ingredients comprising: (i) from about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a surfactant; (ii) from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a salt-form builder component; (iii) from about 30 to about 75 parts by weight of a hydrated alkaline component; (b) adding from about 0.5 to about 10 parts by weight of a sugar surfactant selected from the group consisting of an alkyl polyglycoside, a glucamide, and mixtures thereof, to form a uniform dispersion; and (c) casting said uniform dispersion to form a solid cast detergent product.

Abstract: Surfactant mixture comprising33-95 parts by weight of at least one alkoxylated C.sub.9 -C.sub.18 fatty alcohol (component I) having 5 to 30 oxyalkylene groups and5-67 parts by weight of at least one alkoxylated C.sub.9 -C.sub.18 fatty acid (component II) having 5 to 30 oxyalkylene groups or5-67 parts by weight of at least one alkoxylated C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alcohol (component III) having 5 to 30 oxyalkylene groups or5-67 parts by weight of a mixture of at least one alkoxylated fatty acid (component II) and at least one alkoxylated alcohol (component III).

Abstract: The use of endgroup-capped fatty amide alkoxylates IR.sup.1 --CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--(AO).sub.x --R.sup.2(I)whereR.sup.1 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.21 -alkyl or -alkenyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,A is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene,n is 2 or 3, andx has a value from 1 to 6,as nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers in detergents, cleaners or body care compositions, as surface-active substances for industrial applications in electroplating, in the photographic industry, in petroleum production, in the pharmaceutical industry, in plant feeding and in crop protection formulations, and as surface-active substances in the production of emulsions and pigment and plastic dispersions.

Abstract: A rinse aid composition for hard surfaces containinga) mixed ethers corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a linear or branched, aliphatic alkyl or alkenyl radical containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical, m1 has a value of 0 or 1 to 2 and n1 has a value of 5 to 15, andb) fatty alcohol polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol ethers corresponding to formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is a linear or branched, aliphatic alkyl or alkenyl radical containing 8 to 16 carbon atoms, m2 has a value of 0 or 1 to 3 and n2 has a value of 1 to 5.

Abstract: Detergent mixtures containing a) alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides corresponding to formula (I)R.sup.1 O--?G!.sub.p (I)in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number of 1 to 10; b) fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers corresponding to formula (II) ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 represents alkyl radicals containing 6 to 14 carbon atoms, n is a number of 0.5 to 2 and m is a number of 2 to 10 and, optionally, c) amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants and water, have synergistic effects in regard to their washing, dishwashing, foaming and cleaning performance and in regard to their skin-cosmetic compatibility. Accordingly, they are suitable for the production of a number of surface-active preparations, particularly manual dishwashing detergents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylpolyglycoside compositions. Specifically the process is a direct synthesis producing compositions of highly polymerized alkylpolyglycosides in high yield. The invention further relates to alkylpolyglycoside compositions having enhanced surfactant properties. The invention also relates to mixtures of alkylpolyglycosides of preselected average alkyl chain length and controlled average degree of polymerization (DP).

Abstract: A surfactant composition containing: (a) a nonionic sugar surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucose esters, aldobionamides, gluconamides, glyceramides, glyceroglycolipids, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkyl polyglycosides having the general formula I:R.sub.1 O(R.sub.2 O).sub.b (Z).sub.a Iwherein R.sub.1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6, and mixtures thereof; and(b) an additive consisting of a copolymer of acrylamide and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A water-containing detergent or cleaning composition comprisingA) at least one alkyl polyglycosides corresponding to the formula R.sup.1 --O--(Z).sub.x (I), where R.sup.1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, Z is a sugar unit, and x is an integer of 1 to 10; andB) at least one fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylate of the formula R.sup.2 CO.sub.2 --(AO).sub.y --R.sup.3 (II), where R.sup.2 is a branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group containing 5 to 21 carbon atoms, AO is a C.sub.2-4 alkylene oxide unit, y is a number of 1 to 30 and R.sup.3 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and methods for using the above composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel hydroxy-containing alkyl glycamide surfactants and detergent composition comprising said surfactants. Since they surprisingly provide low foam, these surfactants can be used as cleansing surfactants in applications where low foaming is desirable.

Abstract: A nonionic surfactant having cyclic 1,3-dioxane and/or 1,3-dioxolane functionality which is irreversibly splittable by lowering the pH of its aqueous solution is useful in various processes requiring the removal of emulsified hydrophobic contaminants or other hydrophobic materials from an aqueous stream. After splitting of the surfactant into its component aldehyde and polyol, the hydrophobic components phase-separate and can be removed from the aqueous stream by routine means.

Abstract: In the production of granules containing anionic surfactants and having a bulk density above 450 g/l by granulation of a surfactant preparation containing a non-surface-active liquid component, the water demand and hence the energy demand for evaporating the water can be reduced if the anionic surfactant in its acid form or a mixture containing one or more anionic surfactants in their acid form and an aqueous alkaline solution are separately treated with a gaseous medium, subsequently sprayed in substantially stoichiometric quantities into the granulation and drying zone either separately or together under a high propellant gas pressure and then granulated and, at the same time, dried, optionally with addition of one or more inorganic or organic solids.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to polyalkoxylated amines used as foam stabilizers and a method for cleaning in which foam produced by a detergent composition is maintained for an extended period of time. Detergent compositions including the new foam stabilizers are also disclosed as are methods for detergent foam stabilization. The new foam stabilizers build or enhance foaming and are particularly useful because of their surprisingly mild, non-skin-irritating characteristics. Mildness is a requirement of components to be included in or used in applications such as liquid dish detergents, hand cleaners and car washes.

Abstract: A process for making a concentrated liquid detergent composition comprising the steps of: i) mixing succinic anhydride, water and an alkaline catalyst, wherein the ratio of succinic anhydride to water is at least 4:1; ii) allowing an exothermic hydrolysis reaction to take place in a buffer tank, and iii) mixing the resulting highly active, partly neutralised succinic acid with other detergent ingredients.

Abstract: A nonionic detergent mixture containinga) an ether corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m R.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 is an aliphatic linear alkyl or alkenyl radical containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and m is a number of 5 to 15, andb1) an ether selected from the group consisting of an ether corresponding to formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sup.3 is an aliphatic, linear or branched alkyl radical containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is an alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical, p is a number of 2 to 3 and q is a number of 8 to 15 andb2) an ether corresponding to formula (III): ##STR2## in which R.sup.5 is an aliphatic, linear alkyl radical containing 12 to 14 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 is an alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical, x is a number of 0.5 to 2 and y is a number of 5 to 10.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides compounds comprising an adduct of urea with a non-ionic surfactant. Another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition suitable for enhancing the bioremediation of contaminated soils and water which comprises at least one adduct of urea with a non-ionic surfactant, preferably in combination with a phosphorous source.

Abstract: Novel low-foaming wetting agents consisting ofI) 30 to 90% by weight of one or more substances of the formula ##STR1## and/or II) 70 to 10% by weight of one or more substances of the formula ##STR2## and III) 0 to 30% by weight of one or more substances of the formula ##STR3## where all percentages given are based on the total weight of the wetting agent and whereR.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, denote straight-chain or branched C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 -aryl which may be mono- to trisubstituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, or denotes C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -aralkyl, the aromatic portion of which may be mono- to trisubstituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.3 denotes straight-chain or branched C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.12 -C.sub.

Abstract: An amine oxide having the formula: ##STR1## wherein the R.sub.1 groups are independently selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or alkoxy groups and R.sub.2 is a branched chain C.sub.11 -C.sub.16 alkyl group; a detersive composition containing such amine oxide with amphoteric surfactants and/or alkalizing agent; and the use of said composition for cleaning hard surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel derivatives of terpene origin which consist of cycloalkenyls or cycloalkyls having at least seven carbon atoms and possessing surfactant and/or fragrant properties. According to one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which p and q are integers or decimal numbers and are not equal to zero, O<P<20, preferably, O<P<5, and O<q<100, preferably 1<q<20. The invention further relates to the surfactant and/or fragrant compositions based on the above-mentioned compounds. The invention has particular applicability in detergent and perfume formulations.

Abstract: A concentrate that is particularly useful as a pearling agent or for preparing emulsions is provided. The concentrate includes from 60 to 90% by weight of a mixture of at least one alkylglycoside of the formula RO(G).sub.x and of at least one alkylglycoside of the formula R'O(G').sub.x '. R represents a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched aliphatic radical containing from 8 to 15 carbon atoms. R' represents a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched aliphatic radical containing from 16 to 22 carbon atoms. G and G', which are identical or different, represent a saccharide residue. The subscripts x and x', which are identical or different, represent a number between 1 and 10. The concentrate also includes from 10 to 40% by weight of at least one fatty alcohol of the formula R.sub.1 OH, R.sub.1 being a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched aliphatic radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of amphoteric surfactant having improved surfactant properties characterized as mild and environmentally safe has been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The amphoteric surfactant of the subject invention have at least two hydrophobic moieties and at least two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as emulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and solubilizing agents.

Abstract: A liquid premix for use in a detergent composition which comprises at least 40% by weight of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and an effective amount of borate-containing material to prevent crystalization and/or precipitation of the liquid premix when stored for at least 2 weeks at 20 .degree. C., and methods of making same.

Abstract: Novel cold pearlizing concentrates provide pearlescent personal hair and skin compositions such as shampoos and beauty soaps with added luster and sheen.

Abstract: Low viscosity mixtures of(I) from 40 to 97.5% by weight of amphiphilic nonionic graft copolymers comprising, in copolymerized form,(a) at least 20% by weight of polyalkylene oxide units or polyvinylpyrrolidone units as hydrophilic part of the molecule and(b) at least 40% by weight of vinyl ester and/or (meth)acrylic ester units as hydrophobic part of the molecule, and(II) from 2.5 to 60% by weight of at least one viscosity-reducing additive selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated amines and hydroxy compounds having from 1 to 4 OH groups and from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the molecular mass M.sub.

Abstract: Machine dishwashing detergents are disclosed containing a compatible mixture of a low-foaming nonionic surfactant and a high-foaming nonionic surfactant. Dishes and other utensils are cleaned to a sparkling clean spot-free condition by the machine washing detergent composition of the present invention. The machine dishwashing detergent compositions of the present invention are effective especially in controlling foam encountered upon washing dishes and other utensils encrusted with soils generally encountered on dishes, specifically egg and milk-derived protein soils.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of anionic surfactants having improved low-temperature stability are obtained by addition to the solutions of mixtures of nonionic surfactants containinga) alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides corresponding to formula (I)R.sup.1 -O-[G].sub.p (I)in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl and/or alkenyl radical containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number of 1 to 10,b) fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers corresponding to formula (II) ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing 8 to 11 carbon atoms, n is a number of 4 to 9 and m=0 or is a number of 1 to 3, and optionallyc) fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers corresponding to formula (III) ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical containing 12 to 15 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 4 to 9 and m=0 or is a number of 1 to 3.The products are particularly suitable for the production of manual dishwashing detergents.

Abstract: Water-free detergent mixtures may be obtained by reacting secondary or tertiary amines with alkylating agents, in a per se known manner, in the presence of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with a HLB value in a range from 6 to 12, but without adding water or organic solvents. These products are suitable for preparing surface-active agents.

Abstract: In order to prepare fluid, storage-stable ampholytic surface-active agents, (a) 1-hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazolines having formula (1), in which R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl residue with 5 to 21 carbon atoms, are quaternated or carboxymethylated with halogenated carboxylic acid salts at a pH range from 7.5 to 9, and at the same time hydrolyzed with aqueous bases, then (b) the pH value of the reaction final products is set between 5 and 7.

Abstract: A method for enhancing solid, nonionic surfactant aqueous dissolution rates by spray-coating from about 1 to less than 70 weight percent of diammonium sulfate with the surfactants and the compositions produced thereby.

Abstract: Cleaning and soil dispersing compositions comprising ethoxylated/propoxylated polyalkyleneamine polymers are provided. Thus, detergent compositions which comprise ethoxylated/propoxylated polyalkyleneamine polymers, such as poly(ethyleneimine) with a degree of ethoxylation of 1.0, provide soil dispersing performance in the wash liquor and whitening and/or cleaning benefits to fabrics, hard-surfaces, or dishware.

Abstract: A surfactant composition containing a fatty acid polyoxyalkylene lower alkyl ether represented by formula (1):R(OR.sup.1).sub.n OR.sup.2 (1)wherein R represents an alkanoyl or alkenoyl group having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms;R.sup.1 represents an alkylene having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms;R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl group; andn is from 5 to 100 on the average; and a fatty acid monoglyceride represented by formula (2):R.sup.3 OCH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 OH (2)wherein R.sup.3 represents an alkanoyl group having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms or an alkenoyl group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms;are disclosed.The foaming properties of a fatty acid polyoxyalkylene lower alkyl ether of formula (1) are improved by adding a fatty acid monoglyceride represented by formula (2) to the fatty acid polyoxyalkylene lower alkyl ether of formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to shampoo compositions and more particularly shampoo compositions containing non-volatile silicone materials and methods of making the same. Specifically, this invention is directed to aqueous shampoo compositions comprising sorbitan stearate, sorbitan distearate or mixtures thereof; stearyl alcohol ethoxylates, insoluble non-volatile silicone, and combinations of surfactants selected from anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants. This invention also relates to a method of forming a aqueous shampoo composition comprising insoluble, non-volatile silicone by the method of forming a preformed aqueous silicone emulsion and combining with a combination of surfactants.

Abstract: A surfactant composition for use in scouring and bleaching textile materials containing:(a) from about 94.0 to about 6.0% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside having the general formula IRO (Z).sub.a (I)wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 to 6 carbon atoms; and a is a number having a value from about 1 to about 6,(b) from about 6.0 to about 94.0% by weight of a synthetic alkoxylated C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 linear alcohol, or(c) from about 6.0 to about 94.0% by weight of a chlorine-capped ethoxylated isodecyl alcohol, and(d) the remainder water, all weights being based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: Water-based surfactant pastes, more particularly those containing nonionic surfactants of the alkyl glycoside type, are effectively stabilized against microbial infestation if, after oxidative bleaching to eliminate alkali-sensitive color bodies, they are adjusted to a pH value of at least 11 by addition of alkaline substances.

Abstract: Anionic surfactant concentrates in the form of solid free-flowing powders and/or granules which may also be present as compounds in admixture with other auxiliaries and/or useful materials suitable for use in detergents and/or cleaning products and which have apparent densities of at least about 150 g/l are produced by hot drying of the water-containing preparations with superheated steam as the drying gas. Preferred apparent densities are above about 200 g/l and are preferably at least about 350 g/l. In addition, the pourable and free-flowing material is preferably in the form of a substantially dust-free material through the presence of dust-binding auxiliaries and/or useful materials and/or by regulation of the residual water content. In one preferred embodiment, the anionic surfactant concentrate is in the form of porous carrier beads with an absorbent porous inner structure.

Abstract: Mildly acidic multi-purpose liquid cleaning compositions which comprise a specific nonionic surfactant system are disclosed. The nonionic surfactant system comprises at least four different nonionic surfactants belonging to four different HLB classes. The compositions can be used for laundering, hard surface cleaning for bathrooms, kitchens or floors, as well as for cleaning carpets.