Abstract: A solid composition which comprisesa. about 27 to 38 wt. % of a mild synthetic anionic surfactant,b. about 18 to about 30 wt. % soap,c. about 27 to about 33 wt. % free fatty acid,d. about 1 to about 5 wt. % of paraffin wax, ande. the balance water.

Abstract: An adjuvant composition for agricultural chemicals comprising at least one sorbitan/fatty acid ester surfactant (A) and at least one surfactant (B) selected from the group consisting of resin acid surfactants and anionic oligomer or polymer type quaternary ammonium salt surfactants can be used for various crops in safety without causing injury thereof to the crops, and can enhance the efficacies of various agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: A skin or hair care composition in the form of an aqueous gel comprising a humectant, a water-soluble polyglycerylmethacrylate lubricant, a hydrophilic gelling agent and a polyethyleneglycol glyceryl fatty ester surfactant. The compositions provide improved moisturization, skin feel and skin care benefits, reduced tack and residue characteristics together with excellent visual clarity, rub-in and absorption characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds with the general formula I for use as a tool to introduce macromolecules into cells. The invention further relates to compositions for introducing macromolecules into cells, comprising vesicles formed by at least one compound in a solvent. The macromolecule can be incorporated in the vesicles and/or bound to the vesicles or another aggregate of the new compounds. In a preferred embodiment at least one targeting molecule, for instance a (labelled) antibody, may further be attached to the vesicles.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical aerosol formulation which comprises particulate medicament, a fluorocarbon of hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon propellant and a surfactant of general formula (I), wherein n is an integer of 1 to 18; m is an integer of 0 to 17; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkylated amphiphilic phosphorus compounds, corresponding to the formulae: ##STR1## wherein V is O or S;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are H or substituted or unsubstituted perfluoroalkylated or hydrocarbon radicals;provided thatR.sup.1, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is a perfluoroalkylated radical; and Y and Z are radicals which can bear a part derived from a sugar, a polyol, or a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethyleneglycol, a perfluoroalkylated part or a part derived from a pharmaceutically active molecule, and method for their preparation and use. These compounds can be included in preparations, emulsions, dispersions, gels, microemulsions, notably for biomedical uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oil-in-water emulsions containing 0.001-70% by weight of at least one active substance from the group consisting of phosphates, thiophosphates and/or carbamates, 0.001-30% by weight of one or more surfactant compounds from the group consisting of nonionic surfactant compounds or phosphorylated surfactant compounds or sulfated surfactant compounds or sulfonated surfactant compounds, and also, if desired, adjuvants, and, water to make up 100% by weight.

Abstract: Pressurised aerosol compositions comprise a medicament, a hydrofluorocarbon propellant and a polyethoxylated surfactant, the compositions containing substantially no solvent, other than the propellant, capable of increasing the solubility of the surfactant in the propellant. The compositions according to the invention are advantageous in that the solubility of the surfactant is such as to ensure good dispersion of the medicament and smooth operation of the aerosol valve.

Abstract: A pesticidal composition including isocyanate capped high molecular weight diols, triols and polyols. A pesticide and water are combined with hydrophilic isocyanate end-capped prepolymers in order to significantly improve the efficacy of the pesticide. The liquid pesticidal compositions of the present invention can be prepared by simply mixing the various constituents. The order of addition can be used effectively to cap free isocyanate groups in the hydrophilic prepolymer.

Abstract: This invention teaches unique water dispersible dietary compositions of natural or chemically modified fiber materials that have a surface coating with surface active agents (or surfactants) with HLB number between 4 and 9, preferably between 4 and 7. The dietary product contain at least 10% of fiber materials of essentially polysaccharides derived from sources selected from psyllium, celluloses, methylcelluloses, hydroxyethyl celluloses, hydroxypropyl celluloses, gum guar, vegetables, fruits, or other natural or chemically modified materials. Surprisingly, these fiber containing materials coated with the said surfactants have significant improvement on water dispersibility. The type of surfactants disclosed usually present no harm to human body and can be easily applied to the said fibrous materials in bulk without any solvent.

Abstract: Improved oral cyclosporin formulations which have high bioavailability and are capable of administration in hard capsules, are provided. In the subject formulations, cyclosporin is delivered in an orally acceptable vehicle comprising at least one alkanol of from 2 to 3 carbon atoms in combination with at least one non-ionic surfactant and an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid having a hydrocarbon chain of from 14 to 18 carbon atoms. The subject formulations find use in immunosuppressive therapy.

Abstract: Cosmetic composition for hair-care foam containing, in a cosmetically-acceptable vehicle, a mixture (i) of at least one cationic polymer chosen from the cationic celluloses, cellulose ethers containing quaternary ammonium groups, quaternized or non-quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/ dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers, and quaternized or non-quaternized vinyl pyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide or methacrylamide copolymers; and (ii) of at least one amphoteric polymer chosen from polymers deriving from the copolymerization of an alkylvinylether and maleic anhydride, an N-vinyl lactam and maleic anhydride, and an alkylvinylether, maleic anhydride and an N-vinyl lactam, said polymers being modified by an N,N-dialkylaminoalkylamine or an N,N-dialkylaminoalkanol. This composition possesses good foaming properties and leads to the formation of a foam having excellent cosmetic properties.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion comprising(A) from about 50 to about 99% by weight of water;(B) from about 1 to about 30% by weight of an oil phase; and(C) an emulsifying effective quantity of an emulsifier system consisting essentially of(i) at least one nonionic emulsifier of formula (I):Z.sub.x R.sup.1 (R.sup.2 --CO).sub.y G.sub.z (I)in which Z is a sugar unit selected from the group consisting of pentoses and hexoses, x is a number of 1 to 5, R.sup.1 is a saturated alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, y is the number 1 or 2, G is a polyglycerol residue consisting of 2 to 10 glycerol units and z is the number 1 or 2, and(ii) at least one ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of cationic and anionic emulsifiers.

Abstract: Soluble fenofibrate (Rec. INN) formulations exhibiting a significantly improved bioavailability after oral administration ("superbioavailability"), a process for their production and medicaments comprising these formulations. The said fenofibrate pharmaceutical dosage formulations essentially contain fenofibrate in solution in a solubilizing agent consisting of a non-ionic surfactant, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME).

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions useful in the treatment of microbial infections and as general cleansers are provided along with methods for their administration. The antimicrobial compositions are aqueous based and preferably contain a quaternary ammonium compound as a antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial compositions also preferably contain a surfactant such as a cationic, nonionic, or amphoteric surfactant or mixtures thereof. A keratolytic agent, such as allantoin, is also preferably blended into the antimicrobial compositions. The antimicrobial compositions are ideally suited for subcutaneous, cutaneous, or mucosal membrane administration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pesticidal formulation having systemic activity and intended for application to a stem of a plant, which includes the compound methamidophos as an active ingredient, a suitable solvent for the active ingredient, and a colorant selected to impart an identifiable coloration to the formulation for a predeterminable period of time related to the duration of the residual activity of the active ingredient. The solvent is preferably a non-volatile organic solvent selected for its low phytotoxicity and its low toxicity for humans, such as an aryl ethoxylate or a polyhydric alcohol. The colorant is preferably selected on the basis of its water solubility, having a limited solubility in water to be eluted gradually from the formulation over a period of time selected to coincide with the duration of the residual activity of the active ingredient. The formulation advantageously also includes an ingredient capable of screening ultra violet rays of the sun.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an oil-in-alcohol emulsified composition that the oil phase is uniformly and stably dispersed into an outer phase which is mainly comprised of a lower alcohol.Accordingly, the oil-in-alcohol emulsified composition of the present invention comprising: (a) an oily component, (b) a lower alcohol, (c) water, and (d) an emulsifier which comprising one or more of polyether-modified silicones represented by the following general formula (1), ##STR1## ?In the formula: A is a polyalkylene group shown as the general formula: --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.a (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.b R' (where R' is a group selected from the group of a hydrogen atom, an acyl group, and alkyl groups having a carbon number of 1 to 4, where a is an integer of 5 to 50, and where b is an integer of 5 to 50.); R is a methyl group or a phenyl group; m is an integer of 50 to 1,000; and n is an integer of 1 to 40.!.

Abstract: A composition for treating agricultural substrates containing: (a) an agricultural adjuvant selected from the group consisting of micro-nutrients, pesticides, plant growth regrulators, biological agents and mixtures thereof; (b) a fixative composition containing: (i) an alkyl polyglycoside having formula I:RO(Z).sub.a (I)wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and a is a number having a value from about 1 to about 6, and (ii) a fatty acid having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, and (c) remainder, up to 100%, of a liquid carrier.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for nasal administration comprising i) a calcitonin, and ii) benzalkonium chloride, and/or iv) a surfactant, suitable for application to the nasal mucosa, in iii) a liquid diluent or carrier, suitable for application to the nasal mucosa. The compositions are suitably adapted for administration in the form of a nasal spray.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid formulations of endosulfan in the form of suspension concentrates which comprise a surfactant combination of a phosphoric ester based on an ethoxylated alkylphenol and an ethoxylated alkylaryl- and alcohol phosphate ester, to processes for their preparation, and to their use in crop protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-abrasive personal care cleansing compositions. These compositions utilize insoluble micronized cleansing particles of defined particle size that are not tactilely perceived by the user during the cleansing process, and yet which provide improved cleansing performance from the composition. These compositions also comprise a surfactant, an emollient and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a chitosan-containing microcapsules and emulsions of an oil including the steps of (a) forming an oil-in-water emulsion by homogenizing said oil into an aqueous solution containing an anionic emulsifier; and (b) adding to the emulsion obtained in (a) an aqueous chitosan solution while continuously homogenizing the mixture to give a stable emulsion, which is converted into microcapsules by using the proper electrolyte and pH changes. Also encompassed are preparations including as active ingredient a lice repelling agent, vitamin E or a UV radiation photoprotectant. The preparations may be sustained-release or long acting preparations.

Abstract: Balanced emulsifier blends that provide a stable oil-in-water emulsion of preselected viscosity are disclosed. The emulsifier blend contains an acyl lactylate as the primary emulsifier and a nonionic surfactant as the coemulsifier. A method of preparing an oil-in-water emulsion having a preselected viscosity also is disclosed.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for nasal administration comprising i) a calcitonin, and ii) benzalkonium chloride, and/or iv) a surfactant, suitable for application to the nasal mucosa, in iii) a liquid diluent or carrier, suitable for application to the nasal mucosa. The compositions are suitably adapted for administration in the form of a nasal spray.

Abstract: This invention relates to clear aqueous solutions of hydrocortisone which are free of lower alcohols. When applied to the skin, either directly or by wipe, the solution is practically invisible and has a further advantage that the solution will not irritate or dry the skin or give the stinging sensation of an alcohol containing solution. Dissolution of hydrocortisone without alcohol is accomplished by using the anionic surfactant sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate in mixtures of glycerin, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol diluted to final volume with water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-abrasive personal care cleansing compositions. These compositions utilize insoluble micronized cleansing particles of defined particle size that are not tactilely perceived by the user during the cleansing process, and yet which provide improved cleansing performance from the composition. These compositions also comprise a surfactant, an emollient and water.

Abstract: A process for purifying natural pulmonary surfactant by dispersing animal lung tissue on an inert carrier and extracting with a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a pharmaceutical composition which gels at physiological temperature. The composition is comprised of a block copolymer containing one or more polyoxyethylene blocks and one or more polyoxy (higher alkylene) blocks wherein at least some of the blocks are linked together by a linking group characterised in that the linking group is an oxymethylene group, and a therapeutic agent. The therapeutic agent is present as (i) nanoparticles of the therapeutic agent having the block copolymer adsorbed on the surface thereof, (ii) a suspension in a solution of the block copolymer, or (iii) as an aqueous solution in a solution of the block copolymer.

Abstract: Microemulsion compositions comprising low amino content microemulsifiable silicones and a surfactant having a high phase inversion temperature, the microemulsions formed therewith, a means for preparing said microemulsions, and personal care products comprising said microemulsions.

Abstract: Hair styling mousse compositions are provided based on a combination of water soluble film-forming resin, an amphoteric surfactant and a propellant system. The system requires a combination of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkane hydrocarbon and dimethyl ether in a respective weight ratio from 4:1 to 1:2.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkylated amphiphilic phosphorus compounds, corresponding to the formulae: ##STR1## wherein V is O or S;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are H or substituted or unsubstituted perfluoroalkylated or hydrocarbon radicals;provided thatR.sup.1, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is a perfluoroalkylated radical; and Y and Z are radicals which can bear a part derived from a sugar, a polyol, or a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethyleneglycol, a perfluoroalkylated part or a part derived from a pharmaceutically active molecule, and method for their preparation and use. These compounds can be included in preparations, emulsions, dispersions, gels, microemulsions, notably for biomedical uses.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions useful in the treatment of microbial infections and as general cleansers are provided along with methods for their administration. The antimicrobial compositions are aqueous based and preferably contain a quaternary ammonium compound as a antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial compositions also preferably contain a surfactant such as a cationic, nonionic, or amphoteric surfactant or mixtures thereof. A keratolytic agent, such as allantoin, is also preferably blended into the antimicrobial compositions. The antimicrobial compositions are ideally suited for subcutaneous, cutaneous, or mucosal membrane administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonabrasive thickened aqueous-based personal cleansing compositions. These compositions utilize insoluble micronized cleansing particles of defined particle size that are not tactilely perceived by the user during the cleansing process, and yet which provide improved cleansing performance from the composition.

Abstract: Water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion compositions are disclosed. The multiple emulsion compositions comprise an external aqueous phase optionally incorporating a surfactant system capable of forming liquid crystals as an emulsifier. The internal phase comprises a primary water-in-oil emulsion, wherein the primary emulsion comprises a first topically-active compound, a surfactant phase, an oil phase, and water.

Abstract: An insecticidal composition comprising an effective amount of a biocide and an effective amount of a insecticide activator selected from the group consisting of an alkyl phosphate, an alkenyl phosphate, a hydroxyalkyl phosphate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene hydroxyalkyl ether phosphate and a salt thereof.

Abstract: A biocide composition comprises an effective amount of a biocide and an effective amount of a biocide activator selected from the group consisting of an alkyl phosphate, an alkenyl phosphate, a hydroxyalkyl phosphate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene hydroxyalkyl ether phosphate and a salt thereof.

Abstract: A low pH skin-treatment composition employs cationic surfactants generally known to be skin irritants and a fatty acid, together with a hydrocarbon component in an oil-in-water emulsion. The addition of fatty acid to the cationic surfactant appears to form a complex which prevents the cationic surfactant from irritating the skin and at the same time substantially reduces pH of the composition. The resulting composition is not skin irritating, and reflects a pH of about 2-4. The composition may be used to restore pH of skin after exposure to alkaline compositions, and as a vehicle for the administration of active agents having an acidic pH.

Abstract: Cosmetic or dermatological shower formulations, characterized by(a) containing a content of not more than 55% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulations, of one or more surfactants selected from the group offatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol sulphates, amides of fatty alcohol sulphates, fatty alcohol ether sulphates, amides of fatty alcohol ether sulphates, fatty acid monoethanolamides, fatty acid diethanolamides,(b) a content of not less than 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulations, of one or more oil components selected from the group of oils with a high content of triglycerides of saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranched fatty acids,or exclusively such triglycerides,(c) optionally containing further surfactants,(d) optionally containing further cosmetic or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, additives and/or active substances,(e) where the formulations are essentially anhydrous.

Abstract: Novel cationic amphiphiles are provided that facilitate transport of biologically active molecules into cells. Typically, the amphiphiles contain lipophilic groups derived from steroids or from mono or dialkylamines, and two cationic groups, protonatable at physiological pH, derived from amines, alkylamines or polyalkylamines. There are provided also therapeutic compositions prepared typically by contacting a dispersion of one or more cationic amphiphiles, with or without colipids, and therapeutic molecules. Therapeutic molecules that can be delivered into cells according to the practice of the invention include DNA, RNA, polypeptides and low molecular weight organic compounds. Representative uses of the therapeutic compositions of the invention include providing gene therapy, and delivery of antisense polynucleotides or biologically active polypeptides to cells.

Abstract: There is provided a carrier for hydrophobic drugs, and pharmaceutical compositions based thereon, which carrier comprises a digestible oil and a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant component for dispersing the oil in vivo upon administration of the carrier, which comprises a hydrophilic surfactant, said surfactant component being such as not to substantially inhibit the in vivo lipolysis of the digestible oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous gel retinoid compositions and their methods of use. More specifically, the aqueous gel retinoid compositions of the invention utilize micronized particles of retinoids, particularly tretinoin, to provide an aqueous gel for topical application of such retinoids to the skin which minimizes skin irritation while retaining drug efficacy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microemulsion concentrate containing cyclosporin as an active ingredient, dimethylisosorbide as a cosurfactant, oil and a surfactant which is suitable for the formulation of a soft capsule for oral administration, said cyclosporin, dimethyl isosorbide, oil and surfactant being present in the ratio of 1:1-5:1-5:2-10, and preferably in the ratio of 1:2-4:2-5:2-4:7, by weight. Since dimethylisosorbide has substantially no membrane permeation property, the soft capsule preparation according to the present invention is outstandingly stable in comparison with the soft capsules containing ethanol, propylene glycol, transcutol, glycofurol, etc., as a cosurfactant in the prior art, and further provides an advantage in that the pharmaceutical effect, appearance and composition content of the soft capsule according to the present invention are not changed.

Abstract: Nanoparticulate crystalline x-ray contrast agents are formulated with stabilizers to enhance contact between the crystalline x-ray contrast agents and the gastrointestinal tract.Nanoparticulate crystalline therapeutic substances also formulated with stabilizers to enhance contact between the crystalline therapeutic substances and the gastrointestinal tract and to provide extended therapeutic effect.

Abstract: Articles for the controlled delivery of an active substance into an aqueous phase by erosion of surfaces of the articles at a substantially constant and pH-independent rate, the articles comprising a matrix of crystalline polyethylene glycol polymer and a non-ionic emulsifier having an HLB value in the range of from about 4 to about 16 dispersed in the matrix in an amount of between about 2% and 50% by weight of the crystalline polyethylene glycol polymer and the emulsifier, the emulsifier having at least one domain which enables the emulsifier to become emulsified in the melted crystalline polyethylene glycol polymer and being selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid ester and a fatty alcohol ether, the active substance being dispersed in the matrix or located in geometrically well-defined zones within the crystalline PEG phase or dispersed in the emulsifier and, optionally, a filler.

Abstract: Parenteral pharmaceutical formulations of human growth hormone, which are stabilized against aggregation, comprising biosynthetic human growth hormone, glycine, and mannitol. Methods of reducing aggregation of human growth hormone in parenteral formulations are also provided.

Abstract: A disinfecting composition comprising stable aqueous solutions of (a) a blend of biocidally active terpenes, (b) one or more biocidally active surfactants, (c) one or more proton donor type biocides, and (d) a salt of mono, di or trihydroxy aliphatic or aromatic acid wherein the blend of biocidally active terpenes is tea tree oil.

Abstract: Cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of hair and of the scalp, obtained by using an aqueous solution containing at least one cationic surface-active agent and/or a quaternized protein, in combination with ionic lipids capable of forming a lipidic lamellar phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft capsule composition containing a stable microemulsion concentrate which is more stable and suitable for the preparation of cyclosporin-containing soft capsules. More specifically, the present invention relates to a microemulsion concentrate containing cyclosporin as an active ingredient, dimethylisosorbide as a co-surfactant, one component or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of an esterified compound of fatty acid and primary alcohol, medium chain fatty acid triglyceride and monoglyceride as an oil component, and a surfactant having HLB value of 10 to 17, such as Nikkol HCO-50 or Tween 20, which is suitable for formulation into soft capsules and to a soft capsule composition containing said microemulsion concentrate. In the microemulsion concentrate according to the present invention, cyclosporin, dimethylisosorbide, the oil component and the surfactant are present in the ratio of 1:11-5:1-5:3-6, preferably 1:3-4:1.

Abstract: A preparation for epidermis containing kojic acid and/or its derivative and a surfactant or surfactants having HLB value adjusted to 12 or less than that is disclosed. This preparation is preferably in a form of O/W emulsion or W/O emulsion, with the latter being preferably formed by gel emulsification process. The surfactants or surface active agents serve to depress coloration or decomposition of kojic acid and/or its derivative and improve application feel of the preparation.

Abstract: This application proposes a new topical treatment for the stimulation and induction of hair growth as well as for preventing further hair loss. These pharmacologic results would be achieved by stimulation of an inactive hair follicle or by reversing the dysfunction of the hair follicles or by improvement of the general physiologic state of the scalp skin. It would also stimulate the maturation and differentiation of those cells specifically involved in hair growth either directly or by stimulating the organelles and supporting structures associated with the hair follicle. The topical composition comprises vitamin D.sub.3 or various nitro-benzoic acids esters thereof, or the biologically active metabolites of vitamin D.sub.3 preferabiy affixed, during preparation to microparticulate charged non-metaliic microparticles and aloe. The final concentration of vitamin D.sub.3 in the composition is 0.5% or 500,000 IU by volume.