Abstract: The present invention refers to the improvements made to precast integral structure elements used in the fast construction of several-floor buildings made with hollow core slabs that have the same length wanted for the buildings height, thus allowing the construction of a prototype building in very short mounting and assembly times. Such structure elements are extruded slabs made of prestressed concrete which act as one piece bearing walls of the buildings height, as floor structure and ceiling slabs, and as parapet slab.

Abstract: A coupling is provided between two structural elements, each comprising at least one part having tensively strong gauze formed for instance of metal such as steel, which parts can be registered in interlaced relation and which can be mutually coupled in this interlaced and registered situation by an elongate coupling element. A very practical embodiment is that in which the one part has at least two hook-like or loop-like protrusions which can be placed through the other part, wherein the elongate coupling element can be placed through these protrusions to thus block rearward displacement.

Abstract: A modular wall system provides wall panels with vertical flanges that are anchored between a footing and lintel by coupling means that extend into concrete-filled troughs. Imbedded reinforcing bars placed within the wall panels and/or flanges protruding therefrom for engagement with transverse reinforcing bars within the concrete-filled trough.

Abstract: This invention provides a premanufactured portable concrete house and efficient systems for making such a house and for providing portability to a housing site. Floor, roof, and wall components are made by casting concrete in molds with features such as electrical and water conduits being concrete-embedded during the casting. Also concrete-embedded in the various house components are steel plates used for welding to secure the components to each other during assembly of a portable house. Spaced core holes for holding lift rods are cast into the periphery of the floor/foundation component; and these are used as lift points in lifting the house onto a truck for transport to a housing site.

Abstract: A building structure has an outer shell including sidewalls and an integrated roof projecting upwardly therefrom. The sidewall and roof include an inner plurality of supporting studs with a mesh member secured abutting the inner side of the studs. A plastic outer wall is formed from a plurality of polystyrene panels. The panels are located in abutting relation and interconnected to each other and to the studs to define a plastic wall and defining a concrete receiving space. T-bars are located between abutting panels and abut the exterior of the panels. A tie-rod connects the T-bars to the studs to support the insulating wall in spaced relation to the mesh. The panels are recessed to form columns within the wall and roof structure. Reinforcing bars are located within the columns. Wet concrete is deposited into the concrete space and thereby integrally interconnected to the inner wall unit and to the outer insulating wall to form a continuous integral wall and roof.

Abstract: A two-piece corner tie includes first and second tie halves which are removably connected together. The first tie half includes forward and rearward form panel retainers for holding form panels in upright spaced apart parallel relationship. The second tie half is preferably identical to the first tie half, and retains a second pair of form panels in upright spaced apart parallel relationship. The tie halves are connected by a pair of pins journaled through co-axial sleeves, to retain a first pair of form panels at a predetermined angle relative to a second pair of form panels, to thereby form a corner.

Abstract: A prefabricated industrial floor for forming a multi-storey prefabricated structure consisting of an interlocking node frame with a capital totally contained within the floor thickness (19), formed from a plurality of tile elements (11) arranged side by side parallel to each other which do not require the laying of a make-up casting, which can have the floor surface already incorporated, and which form a service compartment (22) on the ceiling side and a service compartment (21, 32) on the flooring side, both inspectionable, and from tile support beams (20) which are produced with the same equipment and have the same soffit appearance. The capital, beams and tiles are provided with a series of holes (24, 24') which lighten the structure, which cannot be seen, and which can be used for service passages or for floor stiffening cross-members (25).

Abstract: There is disclosed a new and improved apparatus and method for forming a cast-in-place and on-the-ground support system. The support system is especially useful in maintaining a levelled and secure undercarriage structure for dwellings. The support system consists of unitized foundation assemblies. A given assembly is comprised of a flexible fabric container, disposed to ground surface, that contains a cementitious material or binder having a pier partly embedded within the cementitious material. There is further disclosed a new and useful foundation assembly for a perimeter beam which is comprised of a flexible fabric container, situated on ground surface, that is furnished with a cementitious material having a stanchion partially embedded within the cementitious material.

Abstract: A roofing system for industrial buildings is based on a plurality of self-supporting tiles (10), prefabricated from reinforced concrete, having a generally "V"-shaped cross-section, wherein the wings (11) of the "V"-shaped cross-section extend from a longitudinal channel (14) designed to collect rain water, and in which the tile (10) ends, at its opposite ends, with respective closure heads (12) each of which is provided with a support block (15), which is designed to rest on a supporting carrier beam (16). The support block (15) is furthermore provided with protruding parts (18) designed to support the corresponding block (15) of a superimposed identical tile (10), with between pairs of tiles (10) skylight-roofing beam members and shed-roofing beam members being intercalated.

Abstract: A concrete-filled steel bearing earthquake resistant wall which has combined resistance to shearing forces exerted in the surface plane thereof has connecting members (1), a pair of surface steel plates (2 and 2') arranged in parallel spaced relationship to each other and secured by the connecting members (1) so that the space between these surface steel plates is filled with the wall unit concrete (7), and wall unit periphery binding steel reinforcements (8) constructed from inverted U-shaped steel bars or similar material and arranged along the peripheral part of the wall unit at predetermined intervals so as to be embedded in the concrete (7). Slippage preventing members (6) are arranged in a staggered arrangement on the aforementioned surface steel plates (2 and 2').

Abstract: A structural module has a cast concrete portion and a girder. The concrete portion has a reinforced deck with a reinforced load bearing a diaphragm at opposite ends. The girder extends between the diaphragms and protrudes into each diaphragm without structural connection thereto while being shear and tension coupled to the deck such that forces induced in the girder are transferred to the diaphragms via the coupling between the girder and the deck.

Abstract: An adjustable foundation-to-frame member connection including a foundation, a frame member and an adjustable foundation plate connector attached to the foundation and frame member by a frame fastener member and foundation fastener member. The adjustable foundation-to-frame member connection being easily formed and adaptable to a wide variety of installation dimensions, including those where the frame member overhangs the side face of the foundation and is not in alignment with the side face of the foundation. The foundation plate connector includes a foundation attachment member, having foundation attachment openings, guide members, and an elongated openings, releasably connected to a frame attachment member, having frame member attachment openings and a staircase openings, by a held-holding fastener and a holding member attached thereto.

Abstract: A series of metal connectors each have parallel anchor rods welded to the shorter flange of a right angle section, a cavity defining member attached to the wider flange, and right angle mounting brackets welded to opposite ends of the angle section. The connectors are attached to the base form for tilt-up concrete wall panels and become embedded in the wall panels. After each cured wall panel is erected and seated on a concrete foundation, a hole is drilled on an incline into the foundation through the cavity and a hole within the wider flange of each angle section. A threaded anchor rod is inserted into the hole and secured to the foundation by adhesive, and a nut is threaded onto each rod within the tubular member for securing each wall panel to the foundation.

Abstract: A precast concrete portal frame system includes two column sections and a rafter section, each of which are pre-cast off-site, each column section extending integrally toward a plane of symmetry of the portal frame to an uppermost articulated surface of each of the column sections which meet lowermost articulated surfaces of the rafter section, defining respectively opposing planes in complemental keyed relationship, the opposing planes also defining, in longitudinal cross-section, mating L-shaped surfaces, the inclined planes of the column and rafter sections provided with transverse bolting holes to provide a bolted connection between the rafter and column sections of the system. The upper part of each column section is enlarged to provide resistance to high bending moments.

Abstract: The double connector for connecting two bodies, especially for connecting two slabs of stone, marble or the like, consists of two anchoring elements (4,5), one in each body being connected, and a sleeve-like connecting piece (1) including two stud parts on opposite ends. The connecting piece (1) is connectable with the stud parts on the anchoring elements located in drilled holes provided in the bodies. So that the double connector, in addition to having a simple assembly, can absorb comparatively large tensile and compressive forces, at least one anchoring element (4,5) consists of an expansion element (7) received in one (13) of the drilled holes and a anchor core (6) consisting of a cone (8) and a bolt part (6') extending from the cone (8) and provided with a bolt collar (9) spaced from the cone (8). The bolt collar (9) of the bolt part (6') engages or locks in a suitable undercut (15) provided in one of the stud parts.

Abstract: This invention refers to an improved modular system for housing based upon preformed reinforced concrete modules (ferro-cement). Different modules provide for fast and simple interconnection to form housing sets from interlinked sets of welded together modules.

Abstract: A method of constructing a concrete basement from prefabricated concrete wall panels is described. Firstly, excavate earth from an intended building site and position footings in the excavation to define an outline of a building with precast concrete floor panels positioned between the footings. Secondly, place prefabricated free standing concrete corner sections onto the footings at each point where it is intended that the building have a corner. Thirdly, secure a plurality of prefabricated concrete wall panels in end to end relation between the corner sections thereby completing a peripheral wall. Each of the concrete wall panels has an interior grid of reinforcing rod and a plurality of equally spaced substantially vertical ribs. Each of the ribs has an attachment member at the upper end which is secured to the reinforcing rod grid. Fourthly, construct a subfloor and secure each of the ribs of the concrete panels to the subfloor by means of the attachment member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tilt-up concrete pad and the method or process for forming the tilt-up concrete pad and erecting a building comprised of a series of such tilt-up concrete pads. The precast concrete pad includes reinforcing rebar and embedded angled anchor plates that are secured to the embedded rebar and project therefrom where a portion of the angled anchor plates referred to as weld pads lie flush with the backside of the precast concrete pad. The respective precast concrete pads are placed around a foundation and are connected together by a series of connecting bars that are welded or secured on opposite ends to respective weld pads exposed on the back side of adjacently disposed concrete pads. The present disclosure also shows a work station used for pouring and manufacturing the concrete pads that form the present invention.

Abstract: A barrier to termites particularly suitable for protecting buildings comprising a mesh made of a material that is resistant to breakdown in the environment of use and is resistant to secretions deposited by termites, such as stainless steel, and is also sufficiently hard to not be attacked by termites, such as having a hardness not less than about Shore D70. The pores of the mesh being dimensioned so the maximum linear dimension in any direction of the pores is less than the maximum linear dimension of the cross-section of the head of the species of termite to be controlled.

Abstract: A concrete beam connector sleeve has a tubular plastic body with a large dimensional end portion, a funnel portion joining the end portion, a rod guide portion joining the funnel portion, a bolting step joining the rod guide portion and a large dimension portion at the end of the sleeve away from the opposite end of the sleeve. The sleeve is cast in a cement column with the large dimension portion opening into a spandrel-supporting recess and the other large dimension portion opening into the opposite side of the column. A threaded rod mounted in a spandrel seated in the recess extends through the interior of the sleeve and past the bolting step. A nut threaded onto the end of the rod secure the spandrel in place on the column.

Abstract: A sealing device for sealing a joint disposed between two concreting sections, having an impermeable profile preferably fabricated from a synthetic material and constructed in a hood form to be open in cross section. The profile is mounted with the free longitudinal edges of its side portions adjacent to a concrete surface, so that a flow channel is formed therein for receiving a sealing medium between the profile and the concrete surface, where the sealing medium can emerge from between the free longitudinal edges of the profile and the concrete surface. A further sealing device is a body fabricated from a foam material or a foam material band, having a rectangular cross section provided with passage pores, the body being mounted to rest on the concrete surface, so that the flow channel for receiving the sealing medium is formed by the body itself, where the sealing medium emerges from the passage pores into the joint area.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete floor structure having reinforced concrete beams and girders supporting a metal subfloor and a monolithic concrete layer. The metal subfloor comprises alternating first and second flooring units wherein the first flooring units span across a plurality of the beams and thereby enhance the load carrying capacity of the floor structure. In one embodiment, the first flooring units comprise cellular flooring units that provide for the distribution of wiring throughout the floor structure. In alternative embodiments, the first and second flooring units each comprise cellular flooring units or each comprise non-cellular flooring units. The metal subfloor presents openings in the region of the beams and girders so that the monolithic concrete may comprise the concrete of the beams and girders and the layer of concrete covering the metal subfloor.

Abstract: A steel truss (10) spanning an opening (11) in a load-bearing CMU wall (111) is used as a structural support from which to hang hangers (12) having steel plates (13) on their lower ends. U-blocks (14) are placed on the hangers, and the space (20) between adjacent U-blocks (14) is filled with mortar. After the mortar hardens (typically 24 hours later), the trench formed by the hollow areas (15) in the U-blocks is filled with concrete, thus encasing the steel truss (the height of the truss is less than the distance from the lower interior of the U-blocks to the bottom of the CMUs above the U-blocks) and forming a steel-reinforced structural beam across the opening (11). CMUs (17) are then laid on top of the structural beam to continue the load-bearing wall above the opening.The truss preferably has attached at each end thereof a steel saddle (16) which serves to center the truss in the U-blocks.

Abstract: The invention reduces considerably on-site labor costs for installing a foundation and a building floor. Accuracy is improved by pre-fabricating a floor assembly prior to installation on site. The invention includes placing a plurality of temporary supports on the site surface, accurately locating the floor assembly on the supports, and providing a space between the floor assembly and the surface. Forms are located on the surface generally below the floor assembly. Concrete is poured to occupy space between at least the form, the surface and a portion of the floor assembly so that, after the concrete is set, the supports are removed and the floor assembly is supported by the concrete. The floor assembly comprises upper and lower skins, with perimeter webs connecting the skins together adjacent peripheries of the skins to form a plenum chamber between the skins and the webs. Services and air can be supplied from the plenum chamber.

Abstract: A shearhead for reinforcing junctions between for example vertical columns and horizontal floors where at least the floor is formed in reinforced concrete. The shearhead is in the form of a hoop bar for extending around a column with a plurality of shear legs depending therefrom. Each shear leg includes a portion extending above the hoop bar, which portion forms a hook for coupling to reinforcement in the slab of concrete extending laterally from the column.

Abstract: Re-attachable structural assemblies incorporating complementary area fastening elements comprising hook and loop elements over extended rigid contact surfaces between structural members of an assembly are disclosed for use in the construction industry in relation to: temporary formwork for casting concrete; precast concrete components for permanent installation of finished surfaces; and, fabricated floor and wall systems including joists, sub-floors, and floor covering surface units. The use of synthetic hook and loop attachment systems affords significant savings in time, labor, and frequently in materials, particularly in the temporary formwork application.

Abstract: Structural members for building structures comprise indented, truncated, V-shaped profiles which include flanges extending horizontally from the open tops thereof. Structural beam members comprise open-ended, elongated members, while structural column members are fabricated by joining counterpart surfaces of two of such profiles together at right angles. The structural members are nested together for transportation to building sites, where they are bolted together and floors formed by fastening corrugated panels to the beam flanges. Concrete is thereafter poured into the open profiles, and onto the deck panels to provide a floored framework for a building structure.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete building (10) is formed from a plurality of prefabricated modules (24) which may be assembled off site and then transported or shipped to the building construction site for installation and application of concrete (36). Each prefabricated module (24) includes a rectangular frame (40) having channel-shaped frame members 42, 44, 46, and 48 which form the ends and sides of the frame. An insulation layer 62 is mounted within the frame (40) in spaced relation to one side frame member (48). A channel-shaped concrete column form (72) is secured between the insulation layer (62) and the adjacent side frame member (48) to close the frame (40). A wire mesh layer (78) is secured to the outer surface of the frame (40) with an overhanging side portion (84). The prefabricated module (24) when shipped to a construction site receives reinforcing bars (30, 32) and concrete (36) is pneumatically applied for forming a reinforced concrete wall (16).

Abstract: A precast concrete beam is supported at its end by columns via the agency of retractable hanger arrangements preferably located in cavities at the upper ends of the beam. Each hanger arrangement includes a hanger member which is movable in the cavity from a retracted position within the cavity through a hanger eye device to an extended position in which the hanger member engages the eye device at an upper central portion of the hanger member and in which the hanger member extends in cantilever manner into a recess defined in the adjacent column. In its extended position, the hanger member has its opposite ends supported on bearing plates located in the cavity and in the recess. The hanger eye device is structurally tied into the beam for carriage and transfer to the beam of the support forces for the beam and of forces arising from loads applied to the beam in use.

Abstract: A building comprises a plurality of concrete corner posts connected by generally planar vertical concrete wall panels. The wall panels include an enlarged footer which rests on an underlying ground surface, as opposed to being connected to an underlying poured concrete foundation. The wall panels include a central web having vertical ribs on the sides extending into the interior of the building. The wall panels are connected to each other and to the corner posts by welding together metal straps embedded in the concrete wall panels and corner posts. The exterior of the wall panels comprise the exterior of the building and may be finished by tinting the concrete before pouring, by exposing some of the aggregate in the panel or other conventional techniques. The interior of the wall panels are typically finished by securing insulation to the space between the ribs of the panels and then covering the interior with paneling or drywall.

Abstract: A plastic shear connector for forming an insulated wall having an improved fiber composite or plastic shear connector which is used to form a composite wall formed of an insulating sheet and one or more concrete layers wherein the shear connectors are formed with tapered ends and have a holding portion injection molded and mounted on the center portion of the shear connector and which is inserted through the insulating board as the composite wall is formed.

Abstract: A tunnel or pipe section which includes a plurality of panels which are connected together to form a closed tunnel or pipe section. Each panel includes a plurality of tubular connectors which are anchored within the panel, preferably to the reinforcing members of the concrete panels, and which are connected to one another, such as by bolting through apertures in walls of the aligned connectors.

Abstract: A building, the outer walls of which are formed of prefabricated panels of cementitious material having hollow sections extending substantially continuously throughout the height of the panels in closely spaced apart relation, and a footing adapted to enable the panels to be mounted thereon with means for securing the panels onto the footing, and to each other, to provide a strong, sturdy and inexpensive assembly of outer building walls.

Abstract: An improved snap lock retainer mechanism for insulated wall construction apparatus for pouring a composite wall structure which includes a pair of outer poured concrete layers separated by a high density foam insulating panel mounted between the concrete layers and which includes a number of tying mechanisms for holding the insulated layer in place while the concrete is being poured and hardened wherein the holding means are formed of plastic rods upon which two plastic receivers are directly injection molded onto the rod. One of the receivers has a single notch and the other receiver has multiple notches. One of two snap rings which are identical goes first over the single notch receiver and is locked in place and then the rod is extended through the insulating panel and a second snap ring is attached to the multiple notches in a ratchet effect on the multiple notches plastic receivers so as to lock the board in place so that the concrete can be poured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a caisson structure intended to form part of a stack of such caissons constituting the lateral walls of an undergound room such as particularly a cellar, wherein each caisson is constituted by modular elements including at least one portion with vertical walls in U arrangement and a portion constituting the top wall of the caisson and nestable into the U-shaped portion.

Abstract: A concrete slab is connected to a column passing therethrough. Embedded in the slab are insert parts each having a first recess. The slab also carries a ridge-like reinforcement which includes bars that project through the first recesses and into second recesses carried by the column. The recesses correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the bars and tightly engage same.

Abstract: A reinforcing structure for precast concrete is provided. The reinforcing structure includes a horizontally disposed bearing plate, and a vertically oriented planar reinforcing mesh extending above, below and inboard of the bearing plate. A vertical reaction bar is connected to the vertically oriented reinforcing mesh at a horizontal position inboard of the bearing plate. A horizontal reinforcing bar is oriented parallel to the vertically oriented planar reinforcing mesh.

Abstract: An arrangement for use when casting concrete floors, particularly in locales having pillars, floor drains or the like. The arrangement includes straight concrete beams and sections of ring-like concrete beams which are intended to be incorporated in the resultant floor. The ring sections are arranged to coact in order to completely encircle a free-standing pillar or the like, or to partially encircle a pillar located adjacent a wall. The sections are provided with a lower support flange intended to support the ends of the straight beams. The height of the straight beams is so selected in relation to the height of the ring-like beams that when the straight beams rest on the aforementioned support flange, the upper surfaces of both kinds of beams are located in a common plane, on a level with the resultant floor surface, in order to be able to serve as support paths for concrete smoothing devices. The application also relates to a method for manufacturing beams intended for use with the arrangement.

Abstract: A house includes a floor, side walls and a ceiling which are prefabricated, assembled with each other with the aid of interengaging formations in form-locking manner, and the walls are provided with inner hollow spaces filled by a filling material. A roof can also be engaged with the ceiling. No connecting or fastening elements are needed. The house can be built as a multi-story structure.

Abstract: Improved connections of preformed concrete construction elements wherein one or more metal pins, of any preferred cross-sectional shape, are cast in place, or grouted, extending into each of two elements to be connected, with an elastic grommet disposed between a portion of each pin, in an area on each pin nearest the joint, and the surrounding concrete or grout, whereby the load transfer capacity of the connection is increased about threefold.

Abstract: A structure employing a tapered slab, which is formed of a two-dimensional continuous array of upside-down rectangular pyramids with their apexes placed at column centers and their bottom faces placed along an upper surface of a floor slab, is improved in that prestressing steel members are disposed under tension between the top portions of the respective columns and said prestressing steel members are anchored to the columns at the outer ends.

Abstract: A poured concrete deck structure which extends to the external building line or to a designated line of an internal opening of a building has a form deck which is supported by metal structural girders, including edge girders which are spaced from the building line or designated line, and an edge construction which retains the concrete according the building specifications. The edge construction is improved by terminating the form deck at the edge girders, providing a plurality of spaced support means secured to the top of the edge girders and extending towards the building line or designated line and providing a plurality of adjacent pans for retaining the poured concrete. The pans are supported by at least two supports, and are in communication with an edge girder. The pans may be secured to the edge girder, to the support means, or to both, after proper alignment with the building line or designated line.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved composite wall structure which includes a pair of outer poured concrete layers which are separated by a high density foam insulating panel which is mounted between the concrete layers and includes a plurality of time mechanisms for holding the insulated layer in place while the concrete is being poured and hardened, wherein the holding means comprises metal rods and are low heat conductive rods such as polyglass impregnated plastic rods upon which a pair of holding spools are mounted which engage opposite sides of the insulating panel so as to hold it in a predetermined position.Also disclosed is a novel corner form arrangement.

Abstract: A support bracket for ends of concrete beams, particularly precast ones, more especially the bottoms of T-beam legs positioned on a support beam of similar material, including inverted U-shaped straps inserted over the support beam on either side of the T-beam, and a supportive angle member connected to the straps and in supportive engagement with the underside of the T-beam leg, with a gasket therebetween, and the method of repairing joints between crossing engaging ends of concrete beams.

Abstract: The bottom flutes of a fluted deck or diaphragm of a building are fixedly attached to a horizontal load bearing member supported by vertical load resisting members. A load translation member precludes relative movement between the top flutes en masse and the bottom flutes en masse. By precluding relative movement of the top and bottom flutes, the shear loads imposed upon the diaphragm by earthquakes and/or high winds are translated throught the load translation member and the load bearing member to the vertical load resisting members.

Abstract: The bottom flutes of a fluted deck or diaphragm of a building are fixedly attached to a horizontal load bearing member supported by vertical load resisting members. A load translation member precludes relative movement between the top flutes en masse and the bottom flutes en masse. By precluding relative movement of the top and bottom flutes, the shear loads imposed upon the diaphragm by earthquakes and/or high winds are translated through the load translation member and the load bearing member to the vertical load resisting members.

Abstract: A foundation for a vibrating machine is disclosed. The foundation includes a frame-like stage plate made from longitudinally aligned girders and transversely aligned beams. The girders and beams are hollow and have cross-sections which are dimensioned so that an axial moment of inertia relative to a bending axis of each of the girders and beams is at least three times the value required to ensure the ability of the stage plate to support a given load. As a consequence a natural frequency of the vibration system, which system includes the vibrating machine and the foundation, closest to the operating speed of the vibrating machine differs from the operating speed of the machine by at least fifteen percent of the operating speed of the machine.

Abstract: A poured concrete building deck structure of the type having corrugated sheet metal form deck wherein the edges along sides parallel to the corrugations of the major form deck at the edges of the deck and edges of internal openings through the deck are formed by a corrugated sheet metal form having corrugations at about 90.degree. to the major portion of the corrugated sheet metal form deck, the ends of the deck around all sides of the building or around all sides of the internal opening being spaced a distance from the desired building line or opening and an edge bracket fastened to the outer ends of the sheet metal forms extending outwardly to the desired relationship to the building line or opening and providing a means to retain poured concrete.

Abstract: An improved composite concrete and steel construction system for floor framing members using composite action open web steel joist and concrete slab construction, composite beams; unpunched corrugated decking and composite joists at columns only. All beams are composite and all joist ends are composite at the beams. Joists between the columns are standard open web joists. This composite system results in the columns having floor supporting members in both major directions that are composite with the poured in place concrete slab, thus providing superior bracing of the columns and direct duplication of the horizontal forces in the slab to the column through the supporting members. This design utilizes less composite joists, allows greater leeway in the spacing of the composite joist webbing and is economical. The floor slab will still act as a diaphram in both major directions due to the composite beams and the composite joists at the columns acting at right angles to one another.

Abstract: The bottom flutes of a fluted deck or diaphragm of a building are fixedly attached to a horizontal load bearing member supported by vertical load resisting members. A load translation member, fixedly secured to the top flutes of the diaphragm and to the horizontal load bearing member, precludes relative movement between the top flutes en masse and the bottom flutes en masse. By precluding relative movement of the top and bottom flutes, the shear loads imposed upon the diaphragm by earthquakes and/or high winds are translated through the load translation member and the load bearing member to the vertical load resisting members.