Abstract: Methods and devices for controlling the oxidation of a hydrocarbon to an acid by regulating the temperature hold-up time, and conversion in consecutive reaction zones. The temperature in the consecutive reaction zones progressively decreases, while the hold-up time increases. Preferably, the conversion also increases. One of the major advantages of the methods and devices of the present invention is that an outstanding balance between productivity and selectivity/yield of the desired acid may be achieved. In this respect high yields and selectivities may be obtained without sacrificing productivity.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a polyamic acid/ester having an amide pendant group directly substituting an acid site of the polyamic acid is provided, which composition when cured provides a colored polymer film when the amide group is a chromophore. The resulting polymer which may be applied as a film to semiconductor chips to provide an optically sensitive semiconductor chip comprises a partially imidized polyamic acid wherein an amide pendant group is directly attached to one acid moiety of the polyamic acid and the other acid group imidized with the adjacent amino group of the polyamic acid. The polymers are useful as optical filters on semiconductor chips and for photoresist applications.

Abstract: A new class of branched dendrimeric macromolecules, is described essentially consisting of a polyvalent central nucleus and a series of polyoxaalkylene "dendra". Such molecules are characterized by the presence of at least one branch, attached either directly to the "core" or to a "dendron", which does not participate in the growth and which therefore differs from all the other functions of the macromolecule.

Abstract: A new holographic substrate utilizing flexible, optically transparent fluorinated polyimides. Said substrates have extremely low birefringence which results in a high signal to noise ratio in subsequent holograms. Specific examples of said fluorinated polyimides include 6FDA+APB and 6FDA+4BDAF.

Abstract: The present invention provides a series of easily processable poly(ether-imide)s that are organic-soluble and can afford colorless films, their organic solutions and their manufacturing process. The poly(ether-imide) is prepared from a dianhydride and a diamine, wherein the dianhydride is a bis(ether anhydride) having tert-butyl group, i.e. 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)-2-tert-butylbenzene dianhydride. The present invention is also directed to synthesis of this special dianhydride.

Abstract: Thermomechanical and thermo-oxidative stabilities in resin composites across the range of aerospace "engineering thermoplastic" resins are improved by forming four crosslinks at each addition polymerization site in the backbone of the resin using crosslinking functionalities of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z= ##STR2## .beta.=the residue an organic radical selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## R.sub.R =a divalent organic radical; X=halogen;Me=methylT=allyl or methallyl.G=--CH.sub.2 --,--S--, --CO--, --SO--, --O--, --CHR.sub.3 --, or --C(R.sub.3).sub.2 --;i=1 or 2;R.sub.3 =hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, or aryloxy; and.theta.=--C.tbd.N, --O--C.tbd.N, --S--C.tbd.N, or --CR.sub.3 .dbd.C(R.sub.3).sub.

Abstract: A novel polyimide having a repeating structure unit expressed by the following general formula (1), a method for manufacturing the same, a gas separation membrane using the novel polyimide and the method for manufacturing the same. The gas separation membrane using this polyimide is excellent in gas permeable performance and separation selectivity for gas, for example, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.General Formula (1) ##STR1## where R denotes a quadrivalent organic group.

Abstract: An angularity enhancement layer in a liquid crystal display, which display comprises a liquid crystal cell, wherein the angularity enhancement layer includes a negative birefringent polyimide layer comprising a plurality of structural units having pendant fluorene groups, said angularity enhancement layer being disposed on at least one surface of said liquid crystal cell. A liquid crystal display can comprise an angularity enhancement construction of the invention which comprises a polyimide layer.

Abstract: A process for aligning liquid crystals adjacent to a surface of an optical alignment layer comprising: exposing at least one optical alignment layer, comprising anisotropically absorbing molecules, to polarized light; the polarized light having a wavelength within the absorption band of said anisotropically absorbing molecules; wherein the exposed anisotropically absorbing molecules induce alignment of a liquid crystal medium at an angle + and - with respect to the direction of the polarization of the incident light beam and along the surface of the optical alignment layer; and applying a liquid crystal medium to said optical alignment layer; wherein said anisotropically absorbing molecules consist essentially of diaryl ketones, is described.

Abstract: Methylenedianiline-free, PMR-type, curable compositions based on m-phenylenediamine or mixtures of m-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a poly (imide amic ester) random copolymer, a precursor thereof, and a process for preparing the same. Specifically this invention relates to a novel precursor of polyimide, poly(imide amic ester) which is chemically stable and has excellent workability in either liquid or solid state, a polyimide obtained therefrom and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: An intimate polyimide blend, prepared by chemical conversion, containing from 25 to 50 weight % of a first polyimide derived from 90 to 100 mole % of 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 0 to 10 mole % of pyromellitic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine and from 50 to 75 weight % of a second polyimide derived from pyromellitic dianhydride, from 20 to 50 mole % of p-phenylenediamine and from 50 to 80 mole % of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether. The polyimide blend provides blister free films having high modulus and low thermal expansion coefficients for use in electronics applications.

Abstract: This invention relates the novel diamines, the polyimide oligomers and the polyimides derived therefrom and to the method of preparing the diamines, oligomers and the polyimides. The thermoplastic polyimides derived from the aromatic diamines of this invention are characterized as having a high glass transition temperature, good mechanical properties and improved processability in the manufacture of adhesives, electronic and composite materials for use in the automotive and aerospace industry. The distinction of the novel aromatic diamines of this invention is the 2,2',6,6'-substituted biphenyl radicals which exhibit noncoplanar conformation that enhances the solubility of the diamine as well as the processability of the polyimides, while retaining a realatively high glass transition temperature and improved mechanical properties at useful temperature ranges.

Abstract: Regiospecific polyamide-imides are cast to form membranes which exhibit superior gas separation properties when compared to polyamide-imide membranes formed from random copolymers. The regiospecific polyamide-imides are synthesized by reacting specific aromatic diimide dicarboxylic acids with select aromatic diamines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amine compositions and the preparation of polyimides. The polyimides can be used for inducing alignment of a liquid crystal medium with polarized light and liquid crystal display elements.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyester-imide resin of the formula ##STR1## wherein n represents the number of segments present and is a number of from about 10 to about 10,000; R' is alkyl or alkylene; and R is independently an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene by the reaction of trimellitic acid, or a trimellitic anhydride, a glycol and a diamine of the formula ##STR2## wherein R represents a hydrogen or alkyl group; and n represents the number of monomer segments, and is a number of from about 1 to about 10, and which reaction is accomplished by heating the aforementioned components.

Abstract: Polyetherimides are prepared by conventional means from hindered diamines such as the isomeric methyl-4,6-diethyl-1,3-phenylenediamines and bis(2-chloro-4-amino-3,5-diethylphenyl)methane. They have unusually high glass transition temperatures.

Abstract: An addition type polyimide resin raw material composition having high heat resistance and high corrosion resistance comprising a tetracarboxylic anhydride and/or tetracarboxylic diester compound, diamine compound and exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and/or exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic monoester compound; a composition containing a prepreg; a fiber-reinforced polyimide composite prepreg, coating material and paint using them; and a curing method thereof.

Abstract: Copolyetherimides are prepared by the reaction of an alkali metal salt of a dihydroxyaromatic compound with a bis(substituted phthalimide) and a third compound which may be a substituted aromatic ketone or sulfone or a macrocyclic polycarbonate or polyarylate oligomer. The reaction takes place the in presence of a solvent and a phase transfer catalyst having high thermal stability, such as a hexaalkylguanidinium halide. Random or block copolymers may be obtained, depending on the reaction conditions.

Abstract: An aromatic polyimide precursor composition advantageously employable for the production of an amorphous aromatic polyimide film having Tg of 300.degree. C. or higher is composed of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid component and an aromatic diamine component which are dissolved in an organic solvent, in which at least 60 mol. % of the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid component is 2,3,3',4'-bi-phenyltetracarboxylic acid, its monoester or diester of a primary alcohol, or their mixture, and at least 55 mol. % of the aromatic diamine component is 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.

Abstract: Novel polyimide copolymers containing ether linkages were prepared by the reaction of an equimolar amount of dianhydride and a combination of diamines. The polyimide copolymers described herein possess the unique features of low moisture uptake, dimensional stability, good mechanical properties, and moderate glass transition temperatures. These materials have potential application as encapsulants and interlayer dielectrics.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene and a series of polyamides, polyimides and copoly(amide-imide)s derived from the said compound is disclosed. These polymers possess excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A rigid, aromatic polyimide composition prepared using a solution imidization process from an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine which is greater than 60 mole % to about 85 mole % p-phenylene diamine and 15 mole % to less than 40 mole % m-phenylene diamine exhibits exceptional tensile properties and thermal oxidative stability.

Abstract: A solvent-soluble siloxane polyimide comprising a copolymer obtained by reaction of a diamine compound mixture comprising a diaminopolysiloxane and an alicyclic diamine with an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, followed by polyimidization reaction of the resulting polyamic acid forms a heat-resistant adhesive by adding an epoxy resin, a diamine-based curing agent and an organic solvent thereto, The formed adhesives show a distinguished heat-resistant adhesiveness when the resulting siloxane polyimide soluble in ordinary organic solvents is used as a main component of the adhesive for bonding between a base material and a copper foil of a flexible printed substrate. By further addition of a fluorinated resin to the heat-resistant adhesive, the adhesiveness can be more improved.

Abstract: A process for inducing pre-tilt in alignment of a liquid crystal medium comprising exposing at least one optical alignment layer, comprising anisotropically absorbing molecules and hydrophobic moieties, to polarized light; the polarized light having a wavelength within the absorption band of said anisotropically absorbing molecules; wherein the exposed anisotropically absorbing molecules induce alignment of the liquid crystal medium at an angle + and -.theta. with respect to the direction of the polarization of the incident light beam and along the surface of the optical alignment layer, and induce a pre-tilt at an angle .PHI. with respect to the surface of the optical alignment layer and applying a liquid crystal medium to said optical alignment layer, is described. The invention also is directed to liquid crystal display elements made by the process of the invention and to novel polyimide compositions that are useful as optical alignment layers in the invention.

Abstract: Amide-containing polymers characterized by the presence of piperazine amide and/or substituted piperazine amide in the polymer chain are used as adsorbents to remove polyphenolic compounds from liquids. The compositions are especially useful in combination with protein removal agents such as silica gel or tannin. The amide-containing polymer compositions (alone or in combination with protein removal agents) are especially useful in the stabilization and/or chillproofing of plant derived liquids or beverages such as beer, wine, fruit juice and vegetable juice.

Abstract: This invention provides a polyimide precursor solution having high concentration and low viscosity and a production process thereof, and polyimide coatings and films having excellent physical properties obtained therefrom and a production process thereof. Particularly, it relates to a polyimide precursor solution which contains a salt of a specific diamine with a specific tetracarboxylic acid, as its solute; to a process for the production of the polyimide precursor solution, which comprises allowing 1 mole of a specified diamine to react with 0.3 to 0.9 mole of a specific tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, thereby obtaining a diamine, and subsequently adding 0.95 to 1.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprising, as its main ingredient, a poly(amic acid) resin constituted of a diamino compound represented by formula: ##STR1## and optionally used other diamino compound and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride as its constituent monomers and/or a poly(amic acid) ester resin obtained by esterifying said poly(amic acid) resin and/or a polyimide resin obtained by a dehydrating or alcohol-eliminating ring-closure reaction of said poly(amic acid) resin or poly(amic acid) ester resin has an excellent developability and a high film strength and can form a relief patter of low thermal expansion.

Abstract: A new diamine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)-biphenyl was synthesized and used to prepare high performance engineering plastics by polycondensation. The new diamine as shown in the following formula has a noncoplanar 2,2'-disubstituted biphenylene and a flexible aryl units: ##STR1## The engineering plastics disclosed in the present invention includes polyamides, polyimides and poly(amide-imide)s.

Abstract: Stripping fingers for use in a copying machine formed from a resin composition comprising 50-90% by weight of a thermoplastic polyimide resin, and 10-50% by weight of titanium oxide whiskers or zinc oxide whiskers. They may be formed from a resin composition comprising 50-80% by weight of a thermoplastic polyimide resin, 10-40% by weight of titanium oxide whiskers or zinc oxide whiskers, and 2-15% by weight of aromatic polyamide resin powder.

Abstract: A process for making polyimide-polyamic ester copolymer composition comprisingreacting at least one diamine, a pyromellitic diacid diester compound; at least one other tetracarboxylic diacid diester compound and a selected phosphoramide in the presence of a base catalyst to form a polyimide-polyamic acid ester copolymer.

Abstract: Polyetherimide polymers prepared from monomers containing indane moieties are disclosed. The high molecular weight indane polyetherimides are transparent, ductile, and exhibit high glass transition temperatures (>200.degree. C.). In addition, the polyetherimides are thermally stable at high temperatures and exhibit good optical properties making them useful in high temperature processing applications, in the fabrication of optoelectronics devices, and in optical applications.

Abstract: A polyamideamic acid resin prepolymer represented by formula A having isophorone diamine as one of monomers, ##STR1## in which k, l, m and n are integer of 1 or more, respectively, and ##EQU1## --R-- is at least one group selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## --R'-- is a cis- and trans-conformational mixture of ##STR3## high heat resistant polyamideimide foam produced therefrom, and processes for producing them are disclosed.

Abstract: 18.4 grams of 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropyridine)diphthalic acid dianhydride and 7.5 grams of 1,4-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride are mixed in a solvent consisting of 80 ml of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and 20 ml of dichlorobenzene and are heated at an argon atmosphere to raise its temperature from a room temperature to 170.degree. C. slowly and to be reacted for five hours while an azeotropic dihydration of water which is generated at 170.degree. C. is conducted. After the reaction is completed, a reaction product is precipitated in methanol, the precipitate is washed with methanol and dried at 80.degree. C. FIG. 1 shows the infrared spectra of the reaction product.

Abstract: A sliding material and a heat resistant filament which primarily comprises a liquid crystal polyimide, a liquid crystal polyamide or a liquid crystal polyamide-imide copolymer having at least one recurring structural unit selected from the formula (1) and the formula (2) and is excellent in heat resistance, mechanical characteristics and other fundamental properties of polyimides, and relates to significant improvement of heat-resistance by heat-treating the sliding material, the filament and the molded items. The liquid crystal polyamide-imide copolymer which comprises in a polymer molecule 0.05.about.0.95 mole ratio of the recurring structural units of the formula (1) and 0.95.about.0.

Abstract: Cooling process for polyester and/or polyamide resins downstream of solid-state polycondensation plants in which the cooling is carried out by passing the solid material through two types of equipment in series, of which one is a fluid-bed, the other is a solid/wall cooling equipment. The fluid bed equipment is fed with a stream of inert-gas coming from the solid-state polycondensation reactor, previously subjected to by-products purification, drying and cooling.

Abstract: A diamine which is useful in preparing a new flexible polyamide and polyimide with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, respectively, has a general formula as follows: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a proton (--H) or methyl (--CH.sub.3) and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4. These polyamide and polyimide exhibit good mechanical performance and processability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new polyesterimide of the type containing ester repeat functional groups E=--CO--O--, imide repeat functional groups I: ##STR1## and at least one chromophore, characterized in that it contains a quantity of recurrent amide functional groups capable of ring closure to imides which is smaller than or equal to 5 mol % relative to the sum of the imide functional groups and of the amide functional groups capable of ring closure to imides, which are present, and in that the polymerization functional groups consist essentially of E functional groups.This polyesterimide is preferably free from amide functional groups capable of ring closure to imides.One of the processes for obtaining this polyesterimide constitutes another subject-matter of the invention.Such a polymer is advantageously capable of behaving like a material that is transparent and/or active in nonlinear optics.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a polyimide film useful as use applications for electronic materials; a liquid crystal aligning film using the same; a liquid crystal display element provided with the liquid crystal aligning film; and a polyamic acid used as a raw material of the polyimide constituting the polyimide film.The polyimide used for preparing the above polyimide films, consists of a diamine component, the 50% by mol or more based upon the total diamine, of which is a diamine having a core structure having no polar group such as 1,2-bis(4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl)ethane, 1,6-bis(4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl)hexane, 1,1-bis(4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl)heptane, etc., and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, and if necessary, an aminosilicon compound, is used as a liquid crystal aligning film.

Abstract: A new class of branched dendrimeric macromolecules, is described essentially consisting of a polyvalent central nucleus and a series of polyoxaalkylene "dendra". Such molecules are characterized by the presense of at least one branch, attached either directly to the "core" or to a "dendron", which does not participate in the growth and which therefor differs from all the other functions of the macromolecule.

Abstract: There are provided a polyamic acid obtainable by reacting a diamine compound of the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, each of X and Y is independently a divalent linking group,with a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride; a polyimide obtainable by dehydrating and ring-closing the above polyamic acid; and a liquid crystal aligning agent containing the above polyamic acid and/or the above polyimide.

Abstract: Provided are photosensitive resin compositions comprising a polyamic compound having, at each terminal thereof, a specific actinic ray-sensitive functional group which has substituent groups each having a photopolymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, a photosensitive auxiliary having a photopolymerizable functional group and a solvent. The photosensitive resin compositions of the invention are excellent in resist properties such as sensitivity and good in storage stability and can provide a film small in residual stress.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a new adhesive comprising a vinyl containing siloxane-containing polyimide for use in TSM capping of electronic package assemblies with adhesive capability of providing a seal band width of less than 4mm and even less than 2mm, solubility in non-toxic and environmentally safe solvents and durable adhesive properties and to a method for making the polyimides, a method for using the polyimides to make electronic packages and electronic packages made using the adhesive. The preferred vinyl-containing siloxane containing polyimide is a block type polymer containing blocks of a dianhydride-aromatic diamine oligomeric reaction product joined by non-vinyl/vinyl containing siloxane diamine forming links.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of producing a polyimide-type copolymer, to a thin layer forming agent, to a liquid crystal alignment layer and to processes of producing thin layer formation agents and liquid crystal alignment layers. More specifically, this invention relates to a polyamic acid block copolymer, a polyimide block copolymer, a polyimide-polyamic acid block copolymer, a thin layer forming agent comprised of a polyimide-type block copolymer, and a liquid crystal alignment layer comprised of a polyimide-type block copolymer and processes of their production.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process which comprises reacting a polyimide precursor with borane. Also disclosed is a thermal ink jet printhead containing a layer comprising the product of this reaction.

Abstract: Controlled molecular weight phenylethynyl terminated imide oligomers (PETIs) have been prepared by the cyclodehydration of precursor phenylethynyl terminated amic acid oligomers. Amino terminated amic acid oligomers are prepared from the reaction of dianhydride(s) with an excess of diamine(s) and subsequently endcapped with phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride(s) (PEPA). The polymerizations are carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or N,N-dimethylacetamide under nitrogen at room temperature. The amic acid oligomers are subsequently cyclodehydrated either thermally or chemically to the corresponding imide oligomers. Direct preparation of PETIs from the reaction of dianhydride(s) with an excess of diamine(s) and endcapped with phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride(s) has been performed in m-cresol. Phenylethynyl phthalic anhydrides are synthesized by the palladium catalyzed reaction of phenylacetylene with bromo substituted phthalic anhydrides in triethylamine.

Abstract: Photosensitive polyimides (Ps-PIM) materials have been synthesized that belong to three families of Ps-PIM materials. Through the use of precursors, various catalytic compositions with differing photosensitivities are provided. The results are Ps-PIM materials having increased photosensitivities at wavelengths longer than approximately 330 to 350 nm and an associated catalytic system that is insensitive to oxygen. A variety of applications, including use in holographic systems, are improved by the present invention.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyamic acid containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a polyimide containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group; and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal aligning agent. This liquid crystal aligning agent gives a liquid crystal aligning film which has good liquid crystal aligning property and in which pretilt angle can be changed by radiation with a small energy and which is suitable for domain-divided alignment type liquid crystal display having a wide view angle.

Abstract: An aromatic polyimide having a recurring unit of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar is a divalent aromatic group having one or two benzene rings which has a sulfonate group of --SO.sub.3 H, --SO.sub.3 M, and --SO.sub.3 N(L).sub.4 on the ring, wherein M is an alkali metal and L is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, is favorably employed in the form of a semipermeable film for gas separation.

Abstract: Tough, soluble, aromatic, thermoplastic copolyimides were prepared by reacting 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 3,4,3',4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,4'-oxydianiline. These copolyimides were found to be soluble in common amide solvents such as N,N'-dimethyl acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, and dimethylformamide allowing them to be applied as the fully imidized copolymer and to be used to prepare a wide range of articles.